Water-resources Engineering

by Chin, David A.

• ISBN13: 9780131481923
• ISBN10: 0131481924
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-04-03
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Water-Resources Engineering by David A. Chin provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamental principles and practice of water-resources engineering. The practice areas of hydraulics, hydrology, and water-resources planning and management are all covered in sufficient detail to provide practitioners with the theoretical bases and sufficient technical knowledge for most design applications. A firm grasp of the material presented in this book will prepare practitioners for both conventional practice and for the development of innovative designs that come from a clear understanding of fundamental principles. Professionally accepted methods for the design of water distribution systems, sanitary sewer systems, stormwater management systems, and wellfields are all covered and design examples are presented. Legal and regulatory issues related to the practice of water-resources engineering, assessment of economic feasibility, and planning for water supply, flood control, irrigation, and hydropower projects are covered and illustrated by practical examples. Book jacket.

Author Biography

David A. Chin is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. Professor Chin is a graduate of the California Institute of Technology and the Georgia Institute of Technology

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(9)
Water-Resources Engineering	1	(2)
The Hydrologic Cycle	3	(3)
Design of Water-Resource Systems	6	(2)
Water-Control Systems	7	(1)
Water-Use Systems	7	(1)
About this Book	8	(2)
Problems	9	(1)
Flow in Closed Conduits	10	(87)
Introduction	10	(1)
Single Pipelines	10	(30)
Steady-State Continuity Equation	10	(2)
Steady-State Momentum Equation	12	(14)
Steady-State Energy Equation	26	(14)
Pipe Networks	40	(8)
Nodal Method	41	(3)
Loop Method	44	(4)
Practical Considerations	48	(1)
Pumps	48	(16)
Affinity Laws	54	(2)
Pump Selection	56	(6)
Multiple-Pump Systems	62	(2)
Design of Water-Distribution Systems	64	(24)
Water Demand	64	(11)
Pipelines	75	(4)
Pumps	79	(1)
Valves	79	(1)
Meters	80	(1)
Fire Hydrants	80	(1)
Water-Storage Reservoirs	81	(4)
Performance Criteria for Water-Distribution Systems	85	(1)
Water Quality	86	(1)
Network Analysis	87	(1)
Computer Models	88	(9)
Summary	89	(1)
Problems	89	(8)
Flow in Open Channels	97	(174)
Introduction	97	(1)
Basic Principles	97	(30)
Steady-State Continuity Equation	98	(1)
Steady-State Momentum Equation	98	(3)
Darcy--Weisbach equation	101	(4)
Manning equation	105	(9)
Velocity distribution in open channels	114	(1)
Steady-State Energy Equation	114	(5)
Energy grade line	119	(1)
Specific energy	119	(8)
Water-Surface Profiles	127	(18)
Profile Equation	127	(1)
Classification of Water-Surface Profiles	128	(5)
Hydraulic Jump	133	(3)
Computation of Water-Surface Profiles	136	(3)
Direct-integration method	139	(2)
Direct-step method	141	(1)
Standard-step method	142	(3)
Hydraulic Structures	145	(57)
Weirs	145	(1)
Sharp-crested weirs	145	(13)
Broad-crested weirs	158	(3)
Parshall Flumes	161	(4)
Spillways	165	(8)
Stilling Basins	173	(6)
Gates	179	(6)
Culverts	185	(17)
Design of Open Channels	202	(29)
Basic Principles	203	(3)
Unlined Channels	206	(9)
Lined Channels	215	(1)
Rigid-boundary channels	216	(4)
Flexible-boundary channels	220	(10)
Levees	230	(1)
Design of Sanitary Sewers	231	(22)
Design Flow	231	(1)
Service flow	232	(1)
Inflow and infiltration (I/I)	233	(1)
Combined flow	234	(2)
Hydraulics of Sewers	236	(3)
Sewer-Pipe Material	239	(2)
System Layout	241	(2)
Hydrogen Sulfide Generation	243	(2)
Design Computations	245	(7)
Force Mains	252	(1)
Computer Models	253	(18)
Summary	254	(1)
Problems	255	(16)
Probability and Statistics in Water-Resources Engineering	271	(63)
Introduction	271	(1)
Probability Distributions	272	(31)
Discrete Probability Distributions	272	(1)
Continuous Probability Distributions	273	(1)
Mathematical Expectation and Moments	274	(4)
Return Period	278	(1)
Common Probability Functions	279	(24)
Analysis of Hydrologic Data	303	(31)
Estimation of Population Distribution	303	(1)
Probability distribution of observed data	303	(2)
Hypothesis tests	305	(4)
Estimation of Population Parameters	309	(1)
Method of moments	310	(3)
Maximum likelihood method	313	(1)
Method of L-moments	314	(4)
Frequency Analysis	318	(9)
Summary	327	(1)
Problems	328	(6)
Surface-Water Hydrology	334	(273)
Introduction	334	(1)
Rainfall	334	(41)
Local Rainfall	335	(13)
Spatially Averaged Rainfall	348	(5)
Design Rainfall	353	(1)
Return period	353	(1)
Rainfall duration	353	(1)
Rainfall depth	354	(1)
Temporal distribution	354	(7)
Spatial distribution	361	(1)
Extreme Rainfall	362	(1)
Probable maximum precipitation	362	(5)
Probable maximum storm	367	(8)
Standard project storm	375	(1)
Rainfall Abstractions	375	(29)
Interception	375	(3)
Depression Storage	378	(1)
Infiltration	379	(2)
The infiltration process	381	(3)
Horton model	384	(3)
Green--Ampt model	387	(7)
NRCS curve-number model	394	(6)
Comparison of infiltration models	400	(1)
Rainfall Excess on Composite Areas	401	(3)
Runoff Models	404	(54)
Time of Concentration	406	(1)
Overland flow	406	(9)
Channel flow	415	(1)
Accuracy of estimates	416	(1)
Peak-Runoff Models	417	(1)
The rational method	417	(4)
NRCS-TR55 method	421	(3)
USGS regional regression equations	424	(3)
Continuous-Runoff Models	427	(1)
Unit-hydrograph theory	427	(8)
Unit-hydrograph models	435	(12)
Time-area models	447	(5)
Kinematic-wave model	452	(1)
Nonlinear-reservoir model	453	(2)
Santa Barbara Urban Hydrograph model	455	(2)
Extreme runoff events	457	(1)
Routing Models	458	(13)
Hydrologic Routing	458	(1)
Modified Puls method	459	(3)
Muskingum method	462	(7)
Hydraulic Routing	469	(2)
Water-Quality Models	471	(8)
Event-Mean Concentrations	471	(3)
USGS Model	474	(2)
EPA Model	476	(3)
Design of Stormwater-Management Systems	479	(62)
Minor System	479	(1)
Storm sewers	479	(8)
Street gutters and inlets	487	(22)
Roadside and median channels	509	(1)
Runoff Controls	510	(1)
Stormwater impoundments	510	(5)
Flood control	515	(4)
Water-quality control	519	(21)
Best-management practices	540	(1)
Major System	541	(1)
Evapotranspiration	541	(41)
ASCE Penman--Monteith Method	543	(15)
Potential Evapotranspiration	558	(1)
Reference Evapotranspiration	559	(1)
FAO56-Penman--Monteith method	560	(6)
ASCE Penman--Monteith method	566	(1)
Evaporation pans	567	(3)
Empirical methods	570	(1)
Actual Evapotranspiration	571	(1)
Index-of-dryness method	571	(1)
Crop-coefficient method	572	(10)
Selection of ET Estimation Method	582	(1)
Computer Models	582	(25)
Summary	584	(1)
Problems	585	(22)
Ground-Water Hydrology	607	(167)
Introduction	607	(7)
Basic Equations of Ground-Water Flow	614	(34)
Darcy's Law	614	(16)
General Flow Equation	630	(6)
Two-Dimensional Approximations	636	(1)
Unconfined aquifers	636	(6)
Confined aquifers	642	(6)
Solutions of the Ground-Water Flow Equation	648	(42)
Steady Unconfined Flow Between Two Reservoirs	648	(3)
Steady Flow to a Well in a Confined Aquifer	651	(3)
Steady Flow to a Well in an Unconfined Aquifer	654	(4)
Steady Flow to a Well in a Leaky Confined Aquifer	658	(4)
Steady Flow to a Well in an Unconfined Aquifer with Recharge	662	(3)
Unsteady Flow to a Well in a Confined Aquifer	665	(6)
Unsteady Flow to a Well in an Unconfined Aquifer	671	(9)
Unsteady Flow to a Well in a Leaky Confined Aquifer	680	(6)
Partially Penetrating Wells	686	(4)
Principle of Superposition	690	(6)
Multiple Wells	691	(2)
Well in Uniform Flow	693	(3)
Method of Images	696	(6)
Constant-Head Boundary	696	(4)
Impermeable Boundary	700	(2)
Other Applications	702	(1)
Saltwater Intrusion	702	(6)
Ground-Water Flow in the Unsaturated Zone	708	(5)
Engineered Systems	713	(43)
Design of Wellfields	713	(3)
Design and Construction of Water-Supply Wells	716	(13)
Performance Assessment of Water-Supply Wells	729	(5)
Well Drilling	734	(1)
Wellhead Protection	735	(4)
Design of Aquifer Pumping Tests	739	(1)
Design of pumping well	740	(1)
Design of observation wells	741	(1)
Field procedures	742	(2)
Slug Test	744	(6)
Design of Exfiltration Trenches	750	(5)
Seepage Meters	755	(1)
Computer Models	756	(18)
Summary	757	(1)
Problems	757	(17)
Water-Resources Planning and Management	774	(95)
Introduction	774	(1)
Planning Process	774	(4)
Legal and Regulatory Issues	778	(16)
Water Rights	778	(1)
Surface-water rights	778	(4)
Ground-water rights	782	(1)
Federal water rights	783	(1)
U.S. Federal Laws Relating to Water Resources	784	(1)
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	784	(1)
Clean Water Act (CWA)	784	(2)
Rivers and Harbors Act	786	(1)
Federal Power Act	786	(1)
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)	787	(1)
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act	787	(1)
Migratory Waterfowl Act	787	(1)
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act	787	(1)
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act	787	(1)
Federal Water Project Recreation Act	787	(1)
Endangered Species Act	788	(1)
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)	788	(2)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)	790	(1)
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)	790	(1)
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)	790	(1)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)	790	(1)
Documentation of Environmental Impacts	790	(2)
Permit Requirements	792	(2)
Economic Feasibility	794	(14)
Benefit-Cost Analysis	795	(1)
Compound-Interest Factors	796	(1)
Single-payment factors	796	(1)
Uniform-series factors	797	(1)
Arithmetic-gradient factors	798	(1)
Geometric-gradient factors	798	(3)
Evaluating Alternatives	801	(7)
Water-Supply Projects	808	(23)
Public-Supply Use	809	(9)
Conservation	818	(1)
Supply Sources	819	(1)
Surface-water sources	820	(1)
Ground-water sources	820	(7)
Source-water protection	827	(1)
Reclaimed water	828	(3)
Desalination	831	(1)
Floodplain Management	831	(5)
Modification of the Susceptibility to Flood Damage	833	(3)
Modification of Flooding	836	(1)
Modification of the Impact of Flooding	836	(1)
Drought Management	836	(9)
Irrigation	845	(1)
Dams and Reservoirs	846	(11)
Types of Dams	848	(2)
Reservoir Storage	850	(5)
Planning Guidelines	855	(2)
Hydropower	857	(7)
Navigation	864	(5)
Summary	865	(1)
Problems	865	(4)
A Units and Conversion Factors	869	(4)
Units	869	(1)
Conversion Factors	870	(3)
B Fluid Properties	873	(3)
Water	873	(1)
Organic Compounds Found in Water	873	(2)
Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure	875	(1)
C Statistical Tables	876	(6)
Areas Under Standard Normal Curve	876	(2)
Frequency Factors for Pearson Type III Distribution	878	(1)
Critical Values of the Chi-Square Distribution	879	(1)
Critical Values for the Kolmogorov--Smirnov Test Statistic	880	(2)
D Special Functions	882	(8)
Error Function	882	(1)
Bessel Functions	883	(5)
Definition	883	(1)
Evaluation of Bessel Functions	884	(1)
Bessel function of the first kind of order n	884	(1)
Bessel function of the second kind of order n	884	(1)
Modified Bessel function of the first kind of order n	884	(1)
Modified Bessel function of the second kind of order n	885	(1)
Tabulated values of useful Bessel functions	885	(3)
Gamma Function	888	(2)
E Pipe Specifications	890	(2)
PVC Pipe	890	(1)
Ductile Iron Pipe	890	(1)
Concrete Pipe	891	(1)
Physical Properties of Common Pipe Materials	891	(1)
Bibliography	892	(41)
Index	933