"What Is the West?" | |
The Shifting Borders of the West | |
Asking the Right Questions | |
The Beginnings of Civilizations, 10,000-2000 BCE | |
Culture, Agriculture, and Civilization | |
The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia | |
The Emergence of Egyptian Civilizations | |
The Transformation of Europe | |
Conclusion: Civilization and the West | |
Justice in History: Gods and Kings in Mesopotamian Justice | |
The International Bronze Age and its Aftermath: Trade, Empire, and Diplomacy, 1600-550 BCE | |
Civilization of the Nile: The Egyptian Empire | |
Civilizations of Anatolia and Mesopotamia: The Hittite, Assyrian, and Babylonian Empires | |
The Civilizations of the Mediterranean: The Minoans and the Mycenaeans | |
The End of the International Bronze Age and its Aftermath | |
Conclusion: The International Bronze Age and the Emergence of the West | |
Justice in History: Egyptian Tomb Robbers on Trial | |
Persians, Hebrews, and Greeks: The Foundations of Western Culture, 1100-336 BCE | |
Persia: An Empire on Three Continents | |
Hebrew Civilization and Religions | |
Greece Rebuilds, 1100-479 BCE | |
The Classical Age of Greece, 479-336 BCE | |
Conclusions: Classical Foundations of the West | |
Justice in History: The Trial and Execution of Socrates the Questioner | |
Encounters and Transformations: The Alphabet and Writing in Greece | |
The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic , 336-31 BCE | |
The Warlike Kingdom of Macedon | |
Hellenistic Society and Culture | |
Rome's Rise to Power | |
Beginnings of the Roman Revolution | |
Conclusion: Defining the West in the Hellenistic Age | |
Justice in History: A Corrupt Roman Governor Is Convicted of Extortion | |
The Human Body in History: Aphrodite of Melos: The Hellenistic Portrayal of the Perfect Female | |
Enclosing the West: The Early Roman Empire and Its Neighbors: 31 BCE-235 CE | |
The Imperial Center | |
Life in the Roman Provinces: Assimilation, Resistance and Romanization | |
The Frontier and Beyond | |
Society and Culture in an Imperial Age | |
Conclusion: Rome Shapes the West | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Jesus in Historical Perspective | |
Encounters and Transformations: The Roman City: Agents of Cultural Transformation | |
Late Antiquity: The Age of New Boundaries, 250-600 | |
Crisis and Recovery in the Third Century | |
Christianizing the Empire | |
New Christian Communities and Identities | |
The Break-Up of the Roman Empire | |
Conclusion: The Age of New Boundaries | |
Justice in History: Two Martyrdoms: Culture and Religion on Trial | |
The Human Body in History: The Ascetic Alternative | |
Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam | |
Byzantium: The Survival of the Roman Empire | |
The New World of Islam | |
Conclusion: Three Cultural Realms | |
Justice in History: "Judgment Belongs to God Alone": The Battle and Arbitration at Siffin | |
Encounters and Transformations: Ships of the Desert: Camels from Morocco to Central Asia | |
Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West | |
The Birth of Latin Christendom | |
The Carolingians | |
Invasions and Recovery in the Latin West | |
The West in the East: The Crusades | |
Conclusion: An Emerging Unity in the Latin West | |
Justice in History: Revealing the Truth: Oaths and Ordeals | |
Encounters and Transformations: Roland the El Cid | |
Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe | |
Two Worlds: Manors and Cities | |
The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism | |
Strengthening the Center of the West | |
Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding | |
Conclusion: Asserting Western Culture | |
Justice in History: Inquiring into Heresy: The Inquisition of Montaillou | |
The Human Body in History: A Tale of Two Marys | |
The Medieval West in Crisis | |
A Time of Death | |
A Cold Wind from the East | |
Economic Depression and Social Turmoil | |
An Age of Warfare | |
A Troubled Church and the Demand for Religious Comfort | |
The Culture of Loss | |
Conclusion: Looking Inward | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Joan of Arc | |
The Human Body in History: The Black Death: The Signs of Disease | |
The Italian Renaissance and Beyond: The Politics of Culture | |
The Cradle of the Renaissance: The Italian City-States | |
The Influence of Ancient Culture | |
Antiquity and Nature in the Arts | |
The Early Modern European State System | |
Conclusion: The Politics of Culture | |
Justice in History: Revenge as Private Justice | |
The Human Body in History: The Natural and the Ideal Body in Renaissance Art | |
The West and the World: The Significance of Global Encounters, 1450-1650 | |
Europeans in Africa | |
Europeans in the Americas | |
Europeans in Asia | |
The Beginnings of the Global System | |
Conclusion: The Significance of the Global Encounters | |
Justice in History: The Difficulties of a Transatlantic Marriage | |
Encounters and Transformations: Between Indian and Christian: Creating Hybrid Religion in Mexico | |
The Reformation of Religion | |
Causes of the Reformation | |
The Lutheran Reformation | |
The Diversity of Protestantism | |
The Catholic Reformation | |
The Reformation of the Arts | |
Conclusion: Competing Understandings | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Anne Boleyn: The Dynastic Crime | |
The Human Body in History: The Ecstasy of St. Teresa of Avila: The Body and the Soul | |
The Age of Confessional Division | |
The Peoples of Early Modern Europe | |
Disciplining the People | |
The Confessional States | |
States and Confessions in Eastern Europe | |
Conclusion: The Divisions of the West | |
Justice in History: The Spanish Auto da Fe: The Power of Penance | |
Encounters and Transformations: The Introduction of the Table Fork: The New Sign of Western Civilization | |
Absolutism and State-Building in Europe , 1618-1715 | |
The Nature of Absolutism | |
The Absolutist State in France and Spain | |
Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe | |
Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic | |
Conclusion: The Western State in the Age of Absolutism | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Charles I | |
Encounters and Transformations: St. Petersburg and the West | |
The Scientific Revolution | |
The Discoveries and Achievements of the Scientific Revolution | |
The Search for Scientific Knowledge | |
The Causes of the Scientific Revolution | |
The Intellectual Effects of the Scientific Revolution | |
Humans and the Natural World | |
Conclusion: Science and Western Culture | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Galileo | |
The Human Body in History: Dissecting the Human Corpse | |
The West and the World: Empire, Trade and War, 1650-1815 | |
European Empires in Americas and Asia | |
Warfare in Europe, North America, and Asia | |
The Atlantic World | |
Encounters between Europeans and Asians | |
The Crisis of Empire and the Atlantic Revolutions | |
Conclusion: The Rise and Reshaping of the West | |
Justice in History: The Trial of the Mutineers on the Bounty | |
Encounters and Transformations: Chocolate in the New World and the Old | |
Eighteenth-Century Society and Culture | |
The Aristocracy | |
Challenges to Aristocratic Dominance | |
The Enlightenment | |
The Impact of the Enlightenment | |
Conclusion: The Enlightenment and Western Identity | |
Justice in History: A Case of Infanticide in the Age of the Enlightenment | |
The Human Body in History: Bathing in the West | |
The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815 | |
The First French Revolution 1789-1791 | |
The French Republic, 1792-1799 | |
Cultural Change in France During the Revolution | |
The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815 | |
The Legacy of the French Revolution | |
Conclusion: The French Revolution and Western Civilization | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Louis XVI | |
Encounters and Transformations: The French Encounter the Egyptians, 1798-1801 | |
The Industrial Revolution | |
The Nature of the Industrial Revolution | |
Conditions Favoring Industrial Growth | |
The Spread of Industrialization | |
The Effects of Industrialization | |
Industry, Trade and Empire | |
Conclusion: Industrialization and the West | |
Justice in History: The Sadler Committee on Child Labor | |
Encounters and Transformations: The Peterloo Massacre 1819 | |
Ideological Conflicts and National Unification, 1815-1871 | |
New Ideologies in the Early Nineteenth Century | |
Ideological Encounters in Europe, 1815-1848 | |
National Unification in Europe and America, 1848-1871 | |
Ideology, Empire, and the Balance of Power | |
Conclusion: The Ideological Transformation in the West | |
Justice in History: Prostitution, Corporal Punishment, and Liberalism in Germany | |
The Human Body in History: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: The Body in Romantic Literature | |
The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation, and Instability, 1870-1914 | |
Economic Transformation | |
Defining the Political Nation | |
Broadening the Political Nation | |
Outside the Political Nation? The Experience of Women | |
Conclusion: The West in an Age of Mass Politics | |
Justice in History: The Dreyfus Affair-Defining National Identity in France | |
The Human Body in History: Men in Black | |
The West and the World: Cultural Crisis and New Imperialism, 1870-1914 | |
Scientific Transformations | |
Cultural Crisis: The Fin de Siecle and the Birth of Modernism | |
The New Imperialism | |
Conclusion: Reshaping the West: Expansion and Fragmentation | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Oscar Wilde | |
Encounters and Transformations: Picasso Goes to the Museum | |
The First World War | |
The Origins of the First World War | |
The Experience of Total War | |
The Home Fronts | |
War and Revolution | |
Conclusion: The War and the West | |
Justice in History: Revolutionary Justice-The Non-Trial of Nicholas and Alexandra | |
The Human Body in History: Shellshock-From Woman's Malady to Soldier's Affliction | |
Reconstruction, Reaction, and Continuing Revolution-The 1920s and 1930s | |
Cultural Despair and Desire | |
Out of the Trenches: Reconstructing Culture and Politics in the 1920s | |
The Rise of the Radical Right | |
The Polarization of Politics in the 1930s | |
The West and the World: Imperialism in the Interwar Era | |
Conclusion: The Kingdom of Corpses | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Adolf Hitler | |
Encounters and Transformations: From Mohandas to Mahatma: Gandhi's Transformation | |
World War II | |
The Coming of War | |
Europe at War, 1939-1941 | |
The World at War, 1941-1945 | |
The War Against the Jews | |
The Home Front: The Other Wars | |
Conclusion: The New Europe, The New West | |
Justice in History: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann | |
The Human Body in History: The G.I | |
Redefining the West After World War II | |
A Dubious Peace, 1945-1949 | |
The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War | |
The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950s and 1960s | |
The West: Consensus, Consumption, and Culture | |
Conclusion: New Definitions, New Divisions | |
Justice in History: Show Time: The Trial of Rudolf Slansky | |
The Human Body in History: The Pill: Controlling the Female Body | |
The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations | |
Economic Stagnation and Political Change: The 1970s and 1980s | |
Revolution in the East | |
Rethinking the West | |
Conclusion: Where Is the West Now? | |
Justice in History: The Sentencing of Salman Rushdie | |
Encounters and Transformations: Rock and Revolution | |
Glossary | |
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