Western Civilization: A Brief History from the 1400s

by Perry

• ISBN13: 9780618044238
• ISBN10: 061804423X
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

"Western Civilization: A Brief History" emphasizes the history of ideas presented within a political chronology. Perry' s distinctive writing style and unique approach make this abridged version of "Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics & Society" an engaging text for the Western civilization survey course. The Fifth Edition includes coverage of recent events and provides students with the pedagogical tools to analyze and interpret events in context. Chapter introductions and chronologies allow students to easily identify important themes, while review questions serve to reinforce knowledge and aid in exam preparation.Material including Muslim artistic and cultural contributions, the French and Russian Revolutions, modern artists, and the battles of WWII has been added to enhance this edition.Graphic features include captions for all maps and an expanded color art section with a new essay on contemporary art.

Table of Contents

Maps	xv
Chronologies	xv
Preface	xvi
Map Essay
PART THREE The Rise of Modernity: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment 1350-1789	210	(104)
Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation	212	(32)
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance	213	(3)
The Renaissance Outlook	216	(3)
Humanism	216	(3)
A Revolution in Political Thought	219	(1)
Renaissance Art	220	(4)
The Spread of the Renaissance	222	(1)
Erasmian Humanism	223	(1)
French and English Humanism	224	(1)
The Renaissance and the Modern Age	225	(1)
Background to the Reformation: The Medieval Church in Crisis	226	(2)
The Lutheran Revolt	228	(4)
The Break with Catholicism	228	(3)
The Appeal and Spread of Lutheranism	231	(1)
The Spread of the Reformation	232	(5)
Calvinism	232	(2)
France	234	(1)
England	234	(1)
The Radical Reformation	235	(2)
The Catholic Response	237	(2)
The Reformation and the Modern Age	239	(5)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	242	(2)
Political and Economic Transformation: National States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution	244	(34)
Toward the Modern State	244	(3)
Hapsburg Spain	247	(4)
Ferdinand and Isabella	248	(1)
The Reign of Charles V: King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor	248	(2)
Philip II	250	(1)
The End of the Spanish Hapsburgs	250	(1)
The Growth of French Power	251	(6)
Religion and the French State	252	(2)
The Consolidation of French Monarchical Power	254	(3)
The Growth of Limited Monarchy and Constitutionalism in England	257	(4)
The Tudor Achievement	258	(1)
The English Revolution, 1640-1660 and 1688-1689	258	(3)
The Holy Roman Empire: The Failure to Unify Germany	261	(2)
European Expansion	263	(5)
Forces Behind the Expansion	263	(2)
The Portuguese Empire	265	(1)
The Spanish Empire	266	(2)
Black Slavery and the Slave Trade	268	(1)
The Price Revolution	269	(1)
The Expansion of Agriculture	269	(2)
The Expansion of Trade and Industry	271	(3)
Innovations in Business	272	(1)
Different Patterns of Commercial Development	272	(2)
The Fostering of Mercantile Capitalism	274	(1)
Toward a Global Economy	275	(3)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	276	(2)
Intellectual Transformation: The Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment	278	(36)
The Medieval View of the Universe	278	(1)
A New View of Nature	279	(6)
Nicolaus Copernicus: The Dethronement of the Earth	280	(1)
Galileo: Uniformity of Nature and Experimental Physics	281	(2)
Attack on Authority	283	(1)
Johannes Kepler: Laws of Planetary Motion	284	(1)
The Newtonian Synthesis	285	(1)
Prophets of Modern Science	286	(3)
Francis Bacon: The Inductive Method	287	(1)
Rene Descartes: The Deductive Method	287	(2)
The Meaning of the Scientific Revolution	289	(2)
The Age of Enlightenment: Affirmation of Reason and Freedom	291	(1)
Christianity Assailed: The Search for a Natural Religion	292	(2)
Political Thought	294	(5)
Seventeenth-Century Antecedents: Hobbes and Locke	294	(2)
Montesquieu	296	(1)
Voltaire	296	(2)
Rousseau	298	(1)
Social and Economic Thought	299	(6)
Epistemology, Psychology, and Education	299	(1)
Freedom of Conscience and Thought	300	(1)
Humanitarianism	301	(3)
Laissez-Faire Economics	304	(1)
The Idea of Progress	304	(1)
War, Revolution, and Politics	305	(4)
Warfare and Revolution	306	(2)
Enlightened Despotism	308	(1)
The Enlightenment and the Modern Mentality	309	(5)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	310	(4)
PART FOUR The Modern West: Progress and Breakdown 1789-1914	314	(186)
The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality	316	(33)
The Old Regime	316	(7)
The First Estate	316	(1)
The Second Estate	317	(1)
The Third Estate	318	(2)
Inefficient Administration and Financial Disorder	320	(1)
The Roles of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution	320	(1)
A Bourgeois Revolution?	321	(2)
The Moderate Stage, 1789-1791	323	(5)
Formation of the National Assembly	323	(1)
Storming of the Bastille	324	(1)
The Great Fear	325	(1)
October Days	325	(1)
Reforms of the National Assembly	326	(2)
The Radical Stage, 1792-1794	328	(7)
The Sans-Culottes	328	(1)
Foreign Invasion	329	(2)
The Jacobins	331	(1)
The Nationa in Arms	331	(1)
The Republic of Virtue and the Reign of Terror	332	(2)
The Fall of Robespierre	334	(1)
Napoleon and France: Return to Autocratic Rule	335	(3)
An Enlightened Despot	335	(2)
Legal, Educational, and Financial Policies	337	(1)
Napoleon and Europe: Diffusion of Revolutionary Institutions	338	(2)
The Fall of Napoleon	340	(4)
Failure to Subdue England	341	(1)
The Spanish Ulcer	341	(1)
The German War of Liberation	341	(1)
Disaster in Russia	342	(1)
Final Defeat	343	(1)
The Meaning of the French Revolution	344	(5)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	346	(3)
The Industrial Revolution: The Transformation of Society	349	(19)
The Rise of the Industrial Age	349	(5)
Britain First	351	(1)
Changes in Technology	351	(3)
Society Transformed	354	(4)
Changes in Social Structure	355	(2)
Working-Class Life	357	(1)
The Rise of Reform in Britain	358	(4)
Responses to Industrialization	362	(3)
Liberalism	362	(1)
Early Socialism	363	(2)
Industrialism in Perspective	365	(3)
Note
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	367	(1)
Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century	368	(20)
Romanticism: A New Cultural Orientation	368	(5)
Exalting Imagination and Feelings	369	(2)
Nature, God, History	371	(1)
The Impact of the Romantic Movement	372	(1)
German Idealism	373	(5)
The Challenge Posed by Hume's Empiricism	374	(1)
Immanuel Kant	374	(1)
G. W. F. Hegel	375	(3)
Conservatism: The Value of Tradition	378	(2)
Hostility to the French Revolution	378	(1)
The Quest for Social Stability	379	(1)
Liberalism: The Value of the Individual	380	(3)
The Sources of Liberalism	380	(1)
Individual Liberty	381	(1)
Liberalism and Democracy	382	(1)
Nationalism: The Sacredness of the Nation	383	(5)
The Emergence of Modern Nationalism	383	(2)
Nationalism and Liberalism	385	(1)
Notes
Suggested Reding
Review Questions	386	(2)
Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism: Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification	388	(26)
The Congress of Vienna	388	(4)
Statesmen and Issues	388	(2)
The Settlement	390	(2)
Revolutions, 1820-1829	392	(2)
Revolutions, 1830-1832	394	(2)
The Revolutions of 1848: France	396	(2)
The February Revolution	396	(1)
The June Days: Revolution of the Oppressed	397	(1)
The Revolutions of 1848: Germany, Austria, and Italy	398	(3)
The German States: Liberalism Discredited	398	(1)
Austria: Hapsburg Dominance	399	(2)
Italy: Continued Fragmentation	401	(1)
The Revolutions of 1848: An Assessment	401	(1)
The Unification of Italy	402	(4)
Mazzini: The Soul of the Risorgimento	402	(1)
Cavour and Victory over Austria	403	(1)
Garibaldi and Victory in the South	404	(1)
Italian Unification Completed	405	(1)
The Unification of Germany	406	(5)
Prussia, Agent of Unification	406	(1)
Bismarck and the Road to Unity	406	(5)
Nationality Problems in the Hapsburg Empire	411	(3)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	412	(2)
Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Realism and Social Criticism	414	(21)
Realism and Naturalism	414	(2)
Positivism	416	(1)
Darwinism	417	(4)
Natural Selection	417	(1)
Darwinism and Christianity	418	(2)
Social Darwinism	420	(1)
Marxism	421	(6)
A Science of History	422	(2)
Class Conflict	424	(1)
The Destruction of Capitalism	424	(2)
Marx's Influence	426	(1)
Critics of Marx	426	(1)
Liberalism in Transition	427	(3)
John Stuart Mill	428	(1)
Thomas Hill Green	429	(1)
Feminism: Extending the Principle of Equality	430	(5)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	432	(3)
Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century: Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism	435	(39)
The Advance of Industry	436	(4)
Accelerated Urbanization	438	(1)
The Rise of Socialist Parties	438	(2)
Great Britain: Reform and Unrest	440	(3)
Social Reform	440	(1)
Feminist Agitation	441	(1)
The Irish Question	442	(1)
France: A Troubled Nation	443	(2)
Germany: The Power State	445	(1)
Italy: Unfulfilled Expectations	446	(1)
Russia: Tsarist Autocracy	447	(3)
The Rise of Racial Nationalism	450	(7)
Volkish Thought	452	(1)
Anti-Semitism	453	(4)
The Emergence of the New Imperialism	457	(3)
Causes	458	(1)
Control and Resistance	459	(1)
European Domination of Asia	460	(6)
India	460	(3)
China	463	(1)
Japan	464	(2)
The Scramble for Africa	466	(4)
The Berlin Conference	468	(1)
The British in Africa	468	(2)
Other European Countries in Africa	470	(1)
The Legacy of Imperialism	470	(4)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	472	(2)
Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, Human Nature, and the Arts	474	(26)
Irrationalism	474	(6)
Nietzsche	475	(4)
Bergson	479	(1)
Sorel	480	(1)
Freud: A New View of Human Nature	480	(4)
Social Thought: Confronting the Irrational and the Complexities of Modern Society	484	(3)
Durkheim	484	(1)
Pareto	485	(1)
Weber	486	(1)
The Modernist Movement	487	(5)
Breaking with Conventional Modes of Esthetics	488	(1)
Modern Art	489	(3)
Modern Physics	492	(2)
The Enlightenment Tradition in Disarray	494	(6)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	497	(3)
PART FIVE Western Civilization in Crisis: World Wars and Totalitarianism 1914-1945	500	(118)
World War I: The West in Despair	502	(39)
Aggravated Nationalist Tensions in Austria-Hungary	503	(3)
The German System of Alliances	506	(2)
The New German Empire	506	(2)
Bismarck's Goals	508	(1)
The Triple Entente	508	(2)
Fear of Germany	508	(1)
German Reactions	509	(1)
The Drift Toward War	510	(3)
The Bosnian Crisis	510	(1)
Balkan Wars	510	(1)
Assassination of Francis Ferdinand	511	(1)
Germany Encourages Austria	511	(2)
The Question of Responsibility	513	(1)
War as Celebration	514	(1)
Stalemate in the West	515	(5)
Other Fronts	520	(1)
The Collapse of the Central Powers	521	(1)
American Entry	521	(1)
Germany's Last Offensive	521	(1)
The Peace Conference	522	(7)
Wilson's Hope for a New World	523	(1)
Problems of Peacemaking	524	(2)
The Settlement	526	(2)
Assessment and Problems	528	(1)
The Russian Revolution of 1917	529	(6)
The Problems of the Provinsional Government	529	(2)
Lenin and the Rise of Bolshevism	531	(3)
Lenin's Opportunity	534	(1)
The Bolsheviks Survive	535	(1)
The War and European Consciousness	535	(6)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	539	(2)
The Era of Totalitarianism	541	(54)
The Nature of Totalitarianism	541	(2)
Communist Russia	543	(5)
War Communism and the New Economic Policy	544	(1)
One-Party Dictatorship	545	(3)
The Stalin Revolution	548	(6)
Modernizing Russia: Industrialization and Collectivization	549	(3)
Total Control	552	(2)
The Nature and Appeal of Fascism	554	(3)
The Rise of Fascism in Italy	557	(4)
Postwar Unrest	557	(1)
Mussolini's Seizure of Power	558	(1)
The Fascist State in Italy	559	(1)
Art as History: The Renaissance to the Present After	560	(1)
The New German Republic	561	(3)
Threats from Left and Right	561	(1)
Economic Crisis	562	(1)
Fundamental Weaknesses of the Weimar Republic	563	(1)
The Rise of Hitler	564	(5)
The Nazi Party	564	(2)
Hitler's World-View	566	(2)
Hitler Gains Power	568	(1)
Nazi Germany	569	(4)
The Leader-State	569	(2)
Shaping the ``New Man''	571	(1)
Mass Support	572	(1)
Liberalism and Authoritarianism in Other Lands	573	(3)
The Spread of Authoritarianism	573	(1)
The Western Democracies	574	(2)
Intellectuals and Artists in Troubled Times	576	(10)
Postwar Pessimism	576	(2)
Literature and Art: Innovation, Disillusionment, and Social Commentary	578	(3)
Communism: ``The God That Failed''	581	(2)
Reaffirming the Christian World-View	583	(1)
Reaffirming the Ideals of Reason and Freedom	584	(2)
Existentialism	586	(2)
The Modern Predicament	588	(7)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	590	(5)
World War II: Western Civilization in the Balance	595	(23)
The Road to War	595	(6)
British and French Foreign Policies	596	(1)
Breakdown of Peace	596	(5)
The Nazi Blitzkrieg	601	(4)
The Fall of France	601	(2)
The Battle of Britain	603	(1)
The Invasion of Russia	604	(1)
The New Order	605	(4)
Exploitation and Terror	605	(1)
Extermination	606	(3)
Resistance	609	(1)
The Turn of the Tide	609	(5)
War in the Pacific	610	(1)
Defeat of the Axis Powers	610	(4)
The Legacy of World War II	614	(4)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	615	(3)
PART SIX The Contemporary World	618	(51)
The West in a Global Age	620	(49)
The Cold War	620	(8)
Deepening Tensions	623	(3)
The Growth of Military Alliances	626	(1)
Confrontations	626	(2)
Decolonization	628	(2)
Building a New Europe	630	(5)
Unity and Recovery	631	(1)
The Leading Western European States, 1945-1985	632	(3)
The Soviet Union	635	(2)
Stalin's Last Years	635	(1)
Stalin's Successors	636	(1)
Eastern Europe	637	(2)
Detente---and More Cold War	639	(1)
The Transformation of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe	640	(8)
The Gorbachev Years	641	(1)
The End of the Cold War	642	(1)
The Collapse of Communism	643	(4)
The Death of an Ideal?	647	(1)
The Post-Cold War World	648	(7)
Eastern Europe After 1989	648	(2)
Post-Communist Russia	650	(2)
Contemporary Western Europe	652	(3)
Global Prospects	655	(9)
Causes for Hope	656	(3)
Causes for Concern	659	(4)
Coping with the Future	663	(1)
The Western Tradition in a Global Age	664	(5)
Notes
Suggested Reading
Review Questions	667	(2)
Index	669