The Western Perspective Prehistory to the Enlightenment, Volume 1: To 1715 (with InfoTrac)

by Cannistraro, Philip V.; Reich, John J.

• ISBN13: 9780534610661
• ISBN10: 0534610668
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-25
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This is Volume I (to 1715) of THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE. True to its title, THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE focuses on the Western experience, while also placing that experience in the wider context of developments in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific. Accessible and clearly written, Cannistraro and Reich's text illustrates the causal connections across cultures and historical periods, conveying the record of human struggle and achievement, of conflict and community, of cultural diversity, of economic and technological developments, and of social change. The text's unique cultural perspective and theme and its unusually rich coverage of cultural history offer vivid images that communicate the full range of human experience. The "Perspectives" theme, which appears in every part and topic opener and in features, gives the book its unifying motif. Meanwhile, the book's flexible, modular structure ensures that you can easily adapt the text to your syllabus. THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE is also available in the following split options: THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE, Complete Volume, Second Edition (Contains Parts I-VIII) ISBN: 053461065X; THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE, Volume I: To 1715, Second Edition (Contains Parts I-VI) ISBN: 0534610668; THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE, Volume II: Since 1500, Second Edition (Contains Parts IV-VIII) ISBN: 0534610676; THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE, Volume A: To 1500, Second Edition (Contains Parts I-IV) ISBN: 0534610692; THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE, Volume B: 1300-1815, Second Edition (Contains Parts III-VII) ISBN: 0534610706; THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE, Volume C: 1789-Present, Second Edition (Contains Parts VI-VIII) ISBN: 0534610714; THE WESTERN PERSPECTIVE, Alternative Volume: Since 1300, Second Edition (Parts III-VIII, Topics 20-95) ISBN: 0534610684.

Table of Contents

PART 1 The Ancient World	1	(63)
People Before History	3	(10)
The Planet Earth: Life and the Environment	4	(2)
The First People	6	(1)
Europe in the Stone Age: Hunters and Artists	7	(1)
The Neolithic Revolution: Farming and Technology	8	(5)
Mesopotamia and Its Cities	13	(10)
The Tigris and Euphrates: Rivers and Civilization	14	(1)
The Sumerians and the Rise of Cities	15	(2)
The Akkadian Conquest and Its Aftermath	17	(2)
The Babylonians: The Rule of Law	19	(1)
The Assyrians and the Thirst for Empire	19	(4)
Egypt of the Pharaohs	23	(10)
The Nile and Its Valley	24	(3)
Across Cultures Herodotus in Egypt	26	(1)
The Rise and Fall of the Old Kingdom	27	(1)
The Middle Kingdom: The Waning of Stability	27	(1)
Empire and Grandeur: The New Kingdom	28	(2)
Public Figures and Private Lives Hatshepsut and Thutmose III	29	(1)
Akhenaton and the Sun God: The Revolution that Failed	30	(1)
The Decline of Egypt	30	(3)
Other Peoples in the Ancient Near East	33	(9)
The Kingdom of the Hittites: Iron, War, and Bureaucracy	34	(2)
The Phoenicians: Traders and Sailors	36	(1)
Persia: The Tolerant Empire	37	(1)
The Hebrews: The People of the Book	38	(4)
Art and Belief in the Ancient World	42	(11)
Gods, Priests, and Worshipers: Varieties of Religious Experience	43	(2)
Religion, Power, and the State	45	(1)
Ancient Artists and Their Worlds	46	(4)
Perspectives from the Past Aspects of the Divine in the Ancient World	48	(2)
Faith, Hope, and Despair in Ancient Literature	50	(3)
The Structure and Economic Life of Ancient Society	53	(11)
Class, Status, and Family	54	(1)
Women, Power, and Subjugation	54	(3)
Historical Perspectives The Status of Women in Ancient Mesopotamia	56	(1)
The Agricultural Economy: Food Production and Consumption	57	(2)
Artisans and Traders: The Rise of Commerce	59	(2)
Slavery, Human Rights, and the Law	61	(3)
PART II Classical Antiquity	64	(134)
The Emergence of Greece: From Bronze to Iron	67	(11)
Bronze Age Culture in the Aegean: The Minoans and Mycenaeans	68	(3)
The Greeks of the Early Iron Age: The Birth of the City-State	71	(2)
Gods, Goddesses, and the World of Homer	73	(1)
The Greeks Abroad: Colonies and Markets	74	(1)
Greek Ideas and Eastern Art	75	(3)
The Greeks in the Archaic Era	78	(10)
City-States in Transition: Aristocracy, Tyranny, and the People	79	(1)
Reform at Athens: The Democratic Experiment	80	(2)
The Spartan Alternative: Conservatism and the Military Ideal	82	(1)
The Persian Challenge and the Victory of the Greeks	83	(5)
The Greek World in Conflict: The Peloponnesian War and Its Aftermath	88	(9)
Pericles and the Primacy of Athens	89	(2)
Public Figures and Private Lives Aspasia and Pericles	90	(1)
The Greek World Divided: The Peloponnesian War	91	(2)
The Defeat of Athens and Its Consequences	93	(2)
Philip of Macedon and the End of Greek Independence	95	(2)
The Classical Vision	97	(13)
Fate and the Human Condition: The Theater at Athens	98	(1)
Perfection and Realism: Classical Painting and Sculpture	99	(4)
Across Cultures Lord Byron in Athens	100	(3)
Architecture and the Triumph of Order	103	(1)
History and Philosophy: The Greek Mind	104	(6)
Perspectives from the Past Classical Attitudes to Historical Methods	106	(4)
The Life and Commerce of Classical Greece	110	(9)
Land, Farming, and Food	111	(1)
Manufacturing and Trade in the Greek World	112	(1)
Sexuality and Family Life in Classical Athens	113	(3)
Historical Perspectives Marriage in Classical Athens	114	(2)
Priestesses, Wives, and Prostitutes: The Roles of Greek Women	116	(1)
Freedom and Slavery in Greek Society	117	(2)
Alexander and the Hellenistic Age	119	(9)
Alexander the Great and His Empire	120	(1)
The Successor States: Challenge and Competition	120	(2)
Society and Economy in the Hellenistic World	122	(1)
Mystics, Stoics, and Epicureans: The Conflicts of Religion and Philosophy	123	(2)
The Nature of the Universe: Science, Medicine, and Technology	125	(3)
The Rise of Rome	128	(9)
The Etruscans and the Foundation of Rome	129	(2)
The Roman Republic: Class and the Politics of Compromise	131	(2)
Diplomacy and War: The Romanization of Italy	133	(1)
The Punic Wars	134	(1)
The Annexation of the Eastern Mediterranean	135	(2)
Romans of the Republic	137	(10)
The Trials of Provincial Administration	138	(1)
The Roman Economy: Land Tenure, Trade, and Class	139	(2)
Women and the Family in a Patriarchal Society	141	(2)
Religion and Philosophy: Greek Ideas in Roman Forms	143	(1)
The Literature of the Roman Republic	144	(3)
The Collapse of the Roman Republic	147	(10)
The Gracchus Brothers and the Failure of Reform	148	(1)
Politics and the Generals: The Struggle for Power	149	(2)
Pompey and Caesar: Rivalry and Civil War	151	(2)
The Dictatorship and Assassination of Julius Caesar	153	(1)
Public Figures and Private Lives Antony and Fulvia	154	(1)
The Triumph of Octavian and the Death of the Republic	154	(3)
The Empire: From Augustus to Marcus Aurelius	157	(11)
The Augustan Revolution: Appearance and Reality	158	(4)
Perspectives from the Past Political Propaganda in the Roman Empire	160	(2)
Problems of Imperial Succession: The Julio-Claudians	162	(1)
The Army and the Emperors: Vespasian and His Sons	163	(2)
The Pax Romana and the ``Five Good Emperors''	165	(3)
Politics and the Arts: Roman Imperial Culture	168	(9)
The World According to Augustus: The Golden Age of Art and Literature
History and Personality in Imperial Sculpture	171	(1)
Building the Empire: Architecture in Rome and the Provinces	171	(4)
Across Cultures Mark Twain in Pompeii	174	(1)
Writers of the Silver Age: Rhetoric, Satire, and History	175	(2)
Daily Life in the Roman World	177	(9)
Law, Citizenship, and Bureaucracy	178	(1)
The Imperial Economy: Recovery, Stability, and Decline	179	(1)
Sexuality and Domestic Life	180	(1)
Women in Public Life	181	(2)
Slaves, Criminals, and Gladiators	183	(3)
Christianity and the Crisis of Empire	186	(12)
The Jews: A Religious Minority in the Roman World	187	(2)
Historical Perspectives The Dead Sea Scrolls	188	(1)
The Rise of Christianity and the Early Church	189	(3)
Problems of Empire and the Reforms of Diocletian	192	(2)
The Foundation of Constantinople and the Decline of the West	194	(1)
Decline and Fall: The Debate	195	(3)
PART III Medieval Europe	198	(138)
Politics After Rome: The Germanic Kingdoms	201	(9)
The Germanic Migrations and the West	202	(1)
Germanic Society: Warfare, Kinship, and Family	202	(2)
Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Lombards: German Kingdoms in Southern Europe	204	(1)
The Franks and Christianity	205	(1)
The Making of Anglo-Saxon England	206	(2)
German Customs and Roman Traditions: The Formation of Europe	208	(2)
Early Medieval Christianity	210	(9)
Christianity and the Classical Heritage	211	(1)
The City of God: Augustine and His Vision	212	(1)
The Papacy and the Primacy of Rome	213	(2)
The Monastic Ideal	215	(1)
Women, Christianity, and the Church	216	(3)
Byzantium: The Eastern Empire	219	(11)
New Rome in the East: The Successors of Constantine	220	(1)
Justinian and the Imperial Quest	221	(1)
Byzantium under Stress: Military Threat and Religious Conflict	222	(1)
Byzantium in the North: The Slavs	223	(1)
Artistic Splendor in the Byzantine World	224	(2)
Economic Vitality and Social Inequality	226	(1)
Across Cultures Bishop Liutprand in Constantinople	226	(4)
Europe and Islam	230	(9)
The Arabian Peninsula and Its Peoples	231	(1)
Muhammad, the Founder of Islam	231	(2)
Islam and the Mediterranean: Conquest, Conversion, and Settlement	233	(1)
Spain and Sicily: Muslim Rule in Europe	234	(2)
Science and Culture: The Islamic Impact on the West	236	(3)
The First Europe: The West in the Age of Charlemagne	239	(13)
The Carolingians	240	(1)
Charlemagne: From Frankish King to Holy Roman Emperor	240	(4)
Perspectives from the Past Charlemagne and His Government	242	(2)
The Carolingian Renaissance	244	(2)
Manorialism and the Carolingian Economy	246	(2)
The Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire	248	(4)
The Social Order of Medieval Europe	252	(11)
The Feudal System: The Search for Security in an Age of Uncertainty	253	(1)
Rural Europe: Peasants and Aristocrats	253	(3)
The Revival of Trade and Emergence of Cities	256	(2)
Jewish Life in the Middle Ages	258	(2)
Medieval Women: The Private and Public Spheres	260	(1)
The Clergy and Secular Society	261	(2)
The Feudal Monarchies	263	(10)
Norman and Angevin England: The Development of Royal Administration	264	(3)
Public Figures and Private Lives Matilda of Flanders and William the Conqueror	265	(2)
France and the Capetian Monarchy: Nobles versus the King	267	(2)
German Kings and the Lure of Empire: From Otto I to Frederick Barbarossa	269	(1)
The Reconquista and the Kingdoms of Medieval Spain	270	(3)
The Militant Church: Reform and the Papacy	273	(14)
Reform and Renewal in the Church	274	(1)
The Investiture Controversy	275	(2)
Schism and the Crisis of Byzantium	277	(1)
The Era of the Crusades	278	(3)
The Age of Innocent III	281	(4)
Historical Perspectives Francis of Assisi	282	(3)
The Rise of Popular Devotion	285	(2)
Scholars, Troubadours, and Builders	287	(8)
The First Universities	288	(1)
Scholasticism: Faith, Reality, and Reason	289	(2)
Songs of Love and Battle: Heroic Epics and Troubadour Poetry	291	(1)
A New Musical Language: The Polyphonic Style	292	(1)
Architects and Sculptors: The Romanesque Cathedral	293	(2)
Monarchy and Its Limits: Government in the High Middle Ages	295	(10)
Political Theory and Church-State Relations in the High Middle Ages	296	(1)
England: Magna Carta and the Evolution of Parliament	297	(1)
The Consolidation of the French Monarchy	298	(3)
Stupor Mundi: Frederick of Hohenstaufen and the Imperial Dream	301	(4)
Art and Ideas in the Gothic Age	305	(9)
Faith versus Reason: The Heirs of Aquinas	306	(1)
The Climax of Medieval Literature: Dante's Divine Comedy	306	(1)
The Gothic Cathedral	307	(2)
Sculpture and Painting in the Gothic Age: Art in Transition	309	(5)
The Fourteenth Century: Stress and Change in European Society	314	(12)
Overpopulation and Its Consequences	315	(1)
The Plague	315	(2)
Bad Times and Social Protest: Peasants and Workers in Revolt	317	(5)
Perspectives from the Past The Black Death	318	(4)
The Church in Captivity: Schism and the Popes at Avignon	322	(4)
The Late Middle Ages	326	(10)
Agriculture, Trade, and Finance	327	(1)
European Society Before and After the Black Death	328	(4)
Historical Perspectives Gender in Medieval Society	330	(2)
The Life of Women	332	(1)
Humanism: The Classical Sources of a New Spirit	333	(3)
PART IV The Renaissance and Reformation	336	(90)
The Age of the New Monarchs	339	(9)
The Hundred Years' War and Its Aftermath	340	(2)
The Valois Kings and the Revival of France	342	(2)
Public Figures and Private Lives Margaret of Anjou and Henry VI of England	343	(1)
England and the Rise of the Tudors	344	(1)
Spain: From Aragon and Castile to Hapsburg Monarchy	345	(3)
Power and Culture in Renaissance Italy	348	(9)
Politics, Class, and Civic Identity: The Italian City-States	349	(3)
The Intellectual World of the Early Renaissance	352	(2)
Public Figures and Private Lives Isabella d'Este and Francesco Gonzaga	353	(1)
Patronage and Statecraft in Renaissance Italy	354	(1)
Italy and Europe: Power Politics and the Art of Diplomacy	354	(3)
The Visual Arts of the Italian Renaissance	357	(16)
The ``Modern Style'': Donatello, Brunelleschi, and Masaccio	358	(1)
Tradition and Experiment: The Later Quattrocento	359	(3)
Across Cultures Charles Dickens on Renaissance Italy	360	(2)
Harmony and Design in the High Renaissance	362	(2)
Harmony and Color: The Painting of the Venetian Republic	364	(9)
Perspectives from the Past Art and Artists in the Renaissance	366	(7)
Arts and Letters in Renaissance Europe	373	(9)
The Printing Revolution	374	(1)
The Northern Humanists: Education for a Christian Society	375	(1)
The Courtier and The Prince: Handbooks of Renaissance Strategy	376	(1)
The Conquest of Reality: Renaissance Art in the North	377	(2)
Music in the High Renaissance	379	(3)
Upheaval and Transformation in Eastern Europe	382	(10)
The Collapse of Byzantium	383	(1)
The Ottomans and the European Response	384	(2)
Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland	386	(2)
The Growth of the Principality of Moscow	388	(4)
The Era of Reconnaissance	392	(13)
Europeans and the World: The Early Travelers	393	(2)
Geography and Technology	395	(2)
The Portuguese Initiative	397	(3)
Perspectives from the Past The Portuguese in the Wider World	398	(2)
Spain, the Americas, and the European Economy	400	(5)
The Reformation	405	(10)
The Roots of Reform: Popular Discontent and the Crisis of the Western Church	406	(1)
``Here I Stand'': Martin Luther and the German Reformation	407	(2)
The Lutheran Movement: Peasant Rebellion and Aristocratic Strife	409	(1)
The Advance of Protestantism in Continental Europe	410	(2)
The Break with Rome: Henry VIII and the English Church	412	(3)
The Social Worlds of the Renaissance and Reformation	415	(11)
Class, Mobility, and Changing Values	416	(2)
Education, Marriage, and the Family	418	(1)
The Burdens of Gender: Women in a Changed World	419	(2)
Outsiders in Christian Europe: Jews, Muslims, and Blacks	421	(5)
Historical Perspectives The First Africans in Europe	422	(4)
PART V The Early Modern World	426	(72)
Catholic Reform and the Counter-Reformation	429	(9)
The Catholic Church and the Spirit of Renewal	430	(1)
Education and Conversion: The Jesuits and the Ursulines	431	(2)
The War Against the Heretics: The Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office	433	(5)
Historical Perspectives The Social Life of European Jewry	434	(4)
Catholic Spain and the Struggle for Supremacy	438	(8)
Religion and Monarchy: The Reign of Philip II	439	(2)
Spain and Its Overseas Empire	441	(1)
Rebellion in the Netherlands: Religious Freedom and Political Independence	441	(3)
Spain versus England: The Armada Disaster	444	(2)
Crown and Parliament in Tudor-Stuart England	446	(8)
Elizabeth I and the Politics of Compromise	447	(1)
Toward Confrontation: James I and Parliament	448	(1)
Charles I and the Civil War	449	(2)
The Protectorate: The Dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell	451	(3)
Religious War and the Ascendancy of the French Monarchy	454	(11)
Religious Conflict: From the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre to the Edict of Nantes	455	(3)
The Cardinals and the State: The Administrations of Richelieu and Mazarin	458	(2)
Public Figures and Private Lives Marie de' Medici and Henry IV of France	458	(2)
A Scandal in Bohemia: The Protestant Revolt and the Thirty Years' War	460	(2)
From the Swedish Victory to the French Intervention	462	(3)
Patterns of Life in a Time of Upheaval	465	(12)
Health and Medicine	466	(1)
Changing Tastes: Food and Diet	467	(5)
Perspectives from the Past Food and the Columbian Exchange	470	(2)
The Social Pattern of Housing	472	(2)
Clothing, Fashion, and Class	474	(3)
The European Economy and Overseas Empire	477	(9)
Trade, Finance, and Prices	478	(2)
Merchant Capitalists and the State	480	(1)
The Heyday of the Dutch Republic	481	(1)
Global Competition: The India Companies	482	(4)
The Baroque Era	486	(12)
Emotion and Illusionism: The Affirmation of Baroque Art	487	(2)
The Making of Baroque Rome: Caravaggio and Bernini	489	(1)
Rembrandt and His Contemporaries in Northern Europe	490	(1)
Music for a New Public: The Birth of Opera and the Works of Bach	491	(2)
Public Figures and Private Lives Anna Magdalena and Johann Sebastian Bach	493	(1)
The Golden Age of Literature: Shakespeare and Cervantes	493	(5)
Across Cultures Shakespeare and Posterity	494	(4)
PART VI The Old Regime	498	(109)
The Scientific Revolution and Western Thought	501	(8)
The Weight of Tradition: God, Nature, and the World	502	(1)
Redefining the Universe: From Copernicus to Galileo	502	(2)
Medicine and the Human Body	504	(1)
The Scientific Method: Bacon, Descartes, and Pascal	505	(1)
Newton and the Laws of the Natural Universe	506	(3)
Southern Europe: Spain, Italy, and the Mediterranean	509	(8)
The Eclipse of the Mediterranean	510	(1)
From Hapsburg to Bourbon Spain	511	(2)
Europe and the Italian States	513	(4)
Absolute Monarchy: Louis XIV and the Divine Right of Kings	517	(11)
``I Am the State'': The Absolutist Government	518	(3)
Nobles, Jansenists, and Huguenots: The Domestic Opposition	521	(3)
Historical Perspectives Louis XIV: A Bureaucratic King	522	(2)
War, Diplomacy, and the Quest for French Hegemony	524	(4)
England and the Rise of Constitutional Monarchy	528	(11)
The Stuart Restoration	529	(1)
The Glorious Revolution	530	(5)
Perspectives from the Past Resistance and Revolution	532	(3)
The Cabinet System and the House of Commons	535	(4)
Central Europe and the Shifting Balance of Power	539	(8)
The Fiction of the Holy Roman Empire	540	(1)
The Hapsburgs Turn East: The Turkish Defeat	540	(2)
The Rise of the Hohenzollerns	542	(1)
The Great Elector: Junkers and Army in Prussia	543	(4)
The Baltic and Eastern Europe in Transition	547	(10)
The Emergence of Russia	548	(1)
Peter the Great and the Allure of the West	549	(2)
The Great Northern War and the Founding of St. Petersburg	551	(3)
Across Cultures Catherine Wilmot in Russia	552	(2)
The Collapse of the Swedish Empire	554	(1)
Poland: The Triumph of the Nobility	554	(3)
The Culture of the Old Regime	557	(9)
The Arts in Transition	558	(1)
Tragedy and Comedy at the Court of Louis XIV	558	(1)
Academies and Salons in the Republic of Letters	559	(2)
Public Figures and Private Lives Elizabeth Robinson Montagu and Edward Montagu	560	(1)
The Popular Press, Novels, and the Circulation of Ideas	561	(1)
The Art of the Rococo	562	(1)
The Classical Style in Music: Mozart and Haydn	563	(3)
Europe and the World Economy	566	(11)
Toward a World Economy	567	(2)
The Slave Trade	569	(4)
Historical Perspectives The Slave Trade and the European Economy	570	(3)
The Speculation Craze: Stock Booms and Crashes	573	(4)
The Global Conflict: Wars for Empire	577	(9)
Britain versus Spain in the West Indies	578	(1)
Dynasty and Power Politics: The War of the Austrian Succession	579	(1)
The Struggle for North America: The Ascendancy of Britain	580	(2)
The Seven Years' War and the Success of Prussia	582	(4)
European Society in the Eighteenth Century	586	(11)
Society and the Old Regime	587	(2)
Agriculture and the World of the Peasantry	589	(2)
Aristocrats, Urban Classes, and the Poor	591	(3)
Women and the Old Regime	594	(3)
Public Figures and Private Lives Jeanne Becu du Barry and Louis XV	595	(2)
The Age of Reason	597	(10)
The Seeds of the Enlightenment	598	(1)
The Philosophes: The Battle Against Superstition	598	(2)
``The Infamous Thing'': Voltaire and Natural Morality	600	(1)
Science and Society: Social and Economic Thought	601	(6)
Perspectives from the Past The Age of Reason	602	(5)
Glossary	607	(4)
Credits	611	(2)
Index	613