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9780762728015

Wilderness First Responder, 2nd; How to Recognize, Treat, and Prevent Emergencies in the Backcountry

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780762728015

  • ISBN10:

    0762728019

  • Format: Trade Paper
  • Copyright: 2004-04-01
  • Publisher: FalconGuides
  • Purchase Benefits
List Price: $34.95

Summary

The Wilderness First Responderis a comprehensive text for the recognition, treatment, and prevention of wilderness emergencies. It's essential reading for wilderness educators, trip leaders, guides, search and rescue groups, and anyone who works or plays far from definitive medical care. This invaluble resource includes expert, step-by-step instructions, clear illustrations, and "Signs and Symptoms" sidebars designed to help you provide care in the wilderness--whenever you are more than an hour away from an ambulance or a hospital. You'll learn how to conduct a patient assessment, improvise when ideal materials are not at handy, and decide whether or not to evacuate a patient. Learn how to assess and treat: airway obstructions, cardiac arrest, external and internal bleeding, shock, spine injuries, head injuries, chest injuries, abdominal injuries, fractures and dislocations, athletic injuries, soft-tissue injuries, cold- or heat-induced injuries, altitude sickness, insect bites and stings, diabetic emergencies, poisoning emergencies, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, and much more. Buck Tilton,co-founder of the Wilderness Medicine Institute of the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS), wrote this book with more than a dozen medical professionals. The book represents more than a century and a half of combined experience in wilderness medicine, rescue, and education. Thouroughly updated and revised, this classic first-ever teaching manual for the "Wilderness First Responder" course is a must-have for anyone venturing into the backcountry.

Author Biography

Buck Tilton is co-founder of the Wilderness Medicine Institute of the National Outdoor Leadership School in Lander, Wyoming, advisor to Western State College's Mountain Rescue Team, co-author of Medicine for the Backcountry, author of Rescue from the Backcountry, Avalanch Safety, Backcountry First Aid, and multiple other books on the outdoors. He is a member of the Outdoor Writers Association of America and a member of the American Medical Writers Association. He resides in Lander, Wyoming.

Table of Contents

List of Figures
xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Section I: Introduction
Wilderness Emergency Medical Care
3(4)
First Response and Responsibility
3(1)
A Brief History of Wilderness Medicine
4(1)
Wilderness Medicine vs. Urban Medicine
5(1)
Training
5(2)
Legal Issues in Wilderness Medicine
7(6)
Civil Law and the WFR
7(1)
Negligence
8(1)
Legal Considerations
8(1)
Legal Protection
9(4)
Section II: Patient Assessment and Initial Concerns
Patient Assessment
13(16)
Stop! Size up the Scene
13(2)
Stop! Assess the Patient for Immediate Threats to Life
15(2)
Stop! Complete a Focused Exam and Patient History
17(9)
Stop! Document and Report the Event
26(1)
Stop! Monitor the Patient's Condition
26(3)
Airway and Breathing
29(6)
Basic Anatomy of the Airway
29(1)
Assessing the Airway
30(1)
Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction: Conscious Adult
31(1)
Rescue Breathing
32(2)
Recovery Position
34(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
34(1)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
35(6)
Basic Anatomy of the Heart
35(1)
Cardiac Arrest and CPR
36(1)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
36(1)
Adult One-Rescuer CPR
37(1)
Complications Caused by CPR
38(1)
Criteria for Stopping CPR
38(1)
Special Considerations for the Wilderness
38(1)
Specific Wilderness Situations
39(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
39(2)
Bleeding
41(4)
Types of Bleeding
41(1)
Body Response to Bleeding
41(1)
Control of External Bleeding
42(2)
Internal Bleeding
44(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
44(1)
Shock
45(6)
Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
45(1)
Shock
46(1)
Types and Causes of Shock
46(1)
Stages of Shock
47(2)
Risk Factors
49(1)
Management of Shock
49(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
50(1)
Spine Injuries
51(10)
Basic Anatomy of the Spine
51(1)
Mechanisms of Injury
52(1)
Types of Spinal Cord Injuries
52(1)
General Assessment of the Spine
53(1)
Treatment for Suspected Spinal Injury
53(1)
Lifting and Moving a Patient
54(2)
Special Considerations for the Wilderness
56(1)
The Focused Spine Assessment
57(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
58(3)
Section III: Traumatic Injuries
Head Injuries
61(6)
Basic Anatomy of the Head
61(1)
Types of Head Injuries
61(3)
Levels of Head Injury
64(1)
Treatment for Serious Head Injury
65(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
65(2)
Chest Injuries
67(6)
Basic Anatomy of the Chest and Normal Breathing
67(1)
Types of Chest Injuries
68(4)
General Treatment Guidelines
72(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
72(1)
Abdominal Injuries
73(4)
Basic Anatomy of the Abdomen
73(1)
General Abdominal Trauma Assessment
74(1)
Blunt Trauma Assessment and Treatment
75(1)
Penetrating Trauma Assessment and Treatment
75(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
75(2)
Fractures
77(10)
Basic Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal System
77(1)
Types of Fractures
77(1)
General Assessment of a Fracture
78(1)
General Principles of Fracture Treatment
78(2)
Specific Treatment for Upper Body Fractures
80(2)
Specific Treatment for Lower Body Fractures
82(3)
Complicated Fractures
85(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
86(1)
Dislocations
87(6)
General Assessment and Treatment of Dislocations
88(1)
Specific Treatment for Upper Body Dislocations
88(2)
Specific Treatment for Lower Body Dislocations
90(1)
Long-Term Care for Dislocations
91(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
92(1)
Athletic Injuries
93(10)
General Assessment of Athletic Injuries
93(1)
General Treatment of Athletic Injuries
94(1)
Specific Treatment for General Types of Athletic Injuries
95(1)
Specific Treatment for Specific Athletic Injuries
96(5)
Prevention of Athletic Injuries
101(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
101(2)
Wilderness Wound Management
103(12)
Basic Anatomy of the Skin
103(1)
Types of Wounds
104(1)
General Wound Management
104(1)
Management of Specific Wounds
105(3)
Evacuation Guidelines for Wounds
108(1)
Wilderness Burn Management
109(1)
Evacuation Guidelines for Burns
110(1)
General Wound Infection Management
111(1)
Evacuation Guidelines for Infected Wounds
111(4)
Section IV: Environmental Emergencies
Cold-Induced Emergencies
115(8)
Heat Production
115(1)
Heat Loss
116(1)
Hypothermia
116(4)
Frostbite
120(2)
Nonfreezing Cold Injury
122(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
122(1)
Heat-Induced Emergencies
123(6)
Dehydration
123(1)
Heat Cramps
124(1)
Heat Exhaustion
124(1)
Heatstroke
124(2)
Hyponatremia
126(1)
Prevention of Heat-Induced Emergencies
126(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
127(2)
Altitude Illnesses
129(6)
Acclimatization
129(1)
Acute Mountain Sickness
130(1)
High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
130(2)
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
132(1)
Prevention of Altitude Illnesses
132(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
133(2)
Immersion and Submersion Incidents
135(4)
Immersion
136(1)
Drowning
136(1)
Near-Drowning
137(1)
Prevention
137(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
137(2)
Lightning Injuries
139(4)
Mechanisms of Injury
140(1)
Types of Injuries
140(1)
Management of the Patient
140(1)
Prevention of Lightning Injuries
140(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
141(2)
North American Bites and Stings
143(14)
Reptiles
143(2)
Spiders
145(2)
Scorpions
147(1)
Zoonoses
147(5)
Hymenoptera
152(1)
Centipedes
152(1)
Bears
152(1)
Dangerous Marine Life
153(2)
Evacuation Guidelines
155(2)
Diving Emergencies
157(6)
Physical Principles of Diving
157(1)
Types of Barotrauma
158(1)
Other Diving Disorders
159(1)
Prevention of Diving Emergencies
160(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
160(3)
Section V: Medical Emergencies
Cardiac Emergencies
163(4)
Types of Cardiac Emergencies
163(2)
General Treatment for Cardiac Emergencies
165(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
166(1)
Respiratory Emergencies
167(6)
Types of Respiratory Emergencies
167(3)
Evacuation Guidelines
170(3)
Neurological Emergencies
173(4)
Basic Anatomy of the Brain
173(1)
Unconscious States
173(1)
Types of Neurological Emergencies
174(2)
Evacuation Guidelines
176(1)
Diabetic Emergencies
177(4)
Normal Physiology
177(1)
Diabetic Physiology
178(1)
Hyperglycemia
178(1)
Hypoglycemia
178(1)
Diabetics in the Wilderness
179(1)
Prevention of Diabetic Emergencies
179(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
180(1)
Poisoning Emergencies
181(4)
Ingested Poisons
181(2)
Treatment for Ingested Poisons
183(1)
Inhaled Poisons
183(1)
Treatment for Inhaled Poisons
184(1)
Absorbed Poisons
184(1)
Injected Poisons
184(1)
General Treatment Guidelines for Poisonings
184(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
184(1)
Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis
185(4)
Allergic Reactions
185(1)
Anaphylaxis
186(2)
Evacuation Guidelines
188(1)
Abdominal Illnesses
189(4)
General Abdominal Illness Assessment
189(1)
Some Types of Abdominal Illnesses
190(2)
General Treatment for Abdominal Illnesses
192(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
192(1)
Communicable Diseases and Camp Hygiene
193(8)
Agents of Infection
193(1)
Communication of Disease
194(1)
Some Specific Communicable Diseases
194(1)
Camp Hygiene
195(3)
Principles of Camp Hygiene
198(3)
Section VI: Special Emergencies
Common Simple Medical Problems
201(14)
Headaches
201(1)
Eye Injuries
202(1)
Ear Injuries
203(1)
Nose Injuries
204(1)
Skin Damage
204(4)
Gastrointestinal Problems
208(1)
Flu-Like Illnesses
209(2)
Solar Radiation Problems
211(1)
Motion Sickness
212(1)
Dental Problems
213(1)
Other Mouth Problems
214(1)
Gender-Specific Emergencies
215(6)
General Assessment Guidelines for Gender-Specific Emergencies
215(1)
Basic Anatomy of the Male Genitalia
215(1)
Male-Specific Emergencies
216(1)
Basic Anatomy of the Female Genitalia
217(1)
Female-Specific Emergencies
217(4)
Obstetrical Emergencies
221(8)
Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy
221(1)
Obstetrical Emergencies
222(1)
Normal Childbirth
223(3)
Complications of Delivery
226(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
226(3)
Psychological and Behavioral Emergencies
229(8)
Normal Responses to Crisis
229(1)
Critical-Incident Stress
230(2)
Basic Psychological Impairment
232(1)
Evacuation Guidelines
233(4)
Section VII: Special Concerns
Emergency Procedures for Outdoor Groups
237(6)
Trip Plans
237(1)
Evacuation Organization
238(2)
Managing a Lost Person Incident
240(3)
Wilderness Transportation of the Sick or Injured
243(10)
Walk-Out/Ski-Out
243(1)
One-Rescuer Carries
243(2)
Two-Rescuer Carries
245(1)
Litters
246(4)
Horse Transports
250(1)
Vehicle Tansports
250(3)
Wilderness Medical Kits
253(18)
General Guidelines for Wilderness Medical Kits
253(1)
Specific Considerations for Wilderness Medical Kits
254(5)
Appendixes
A. Oxygen and Mechanical Aids to Breathing
259(6)
Oxygen and Respiration
259(1)
Supplemental Oxygen Safety
259(1)
The Tank
259(1)
The Regulator
259(1)
Oxygen Therapy
260(1)
Airway Maintenance
260(1)
Passive Delivery
261(1)
Positive Pressure Delivery
262(1)
Suction
263(2)
B. Automated External Defibrillation
265(2)
The AED
265(1)
Operational Procedures
265(2)
C. Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers
267(4)
Adult Two-Rescuer CPR
267(1)
Child and Infant CPR
267(1)
Foreign-Body Airway Obstructions
268(2)
Rescue Breathing for Children and Infants
270(1)
Glossary 271(12)
Bibliography 283(2)
Index 285(20)
About the Author 305(1)
About WMI and NOLS 306

Supplemental Materials

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Excerpts

It Could Happen to You

After two days of late summer hiking under heavy backpacks into the Bighorn Crags of Idaho, you and three friends near the point on the map where an unnamed lake supposedly abounds with fine fishing and pleasant campsites tucked into the shadows of a dense forest. Clouds that collected over the afternoon start to spill a thin shower, and you stop to put on rain gear. With only a short series of switchbacks separating you from your destination, your group arrives at the scene of an accident. A lone hiker sits against a tree, pack by his side, face wearing a grimace of pain. He complains of lower right leg pain, and the inability to bear weight on the injury. Your patient states he slipped on a wet rock while decending the trail. He wears a cotton T-shirt and shorts, and you note his lower right leg appears bloody and bruised. Occasional shivers disrupt his ability to speak.

Welcome to the world of wilderness medicine!

Excerpted from Wilderness First Responder: How to Recognize, Treat, and Prevent Emergencies in the Backcountry by Buck Tilton
All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.

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