Wiley Pathways Hazard Mitigation and Preparedness

by Anna K. Schwab (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Katherine Eschelbach (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); David J. Brower (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

• ISBN13: 9780471790198
• ISBN10: 0471790192
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-10-01
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

With this book, readers will learn how to apply their knowledge and skills in order to create communities that are more resilient to the impacts of hazards. It clearly presents the major principles involved in preparing for and mitigating the impacts of hazards in emergency management. This resource also provides real-world examples of different tools and techniques that emergency managers can use to reduce the impact of different types of hazards.

Author Biography

Anna K. Schwab is in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

David J. Brower is a Research Professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Professor Brower teaches courses in land use and environmental planning, environmental ethics, planning law, coastal zone management, and sustainable development.

His research interests include growth management, coastal zone management, integrating the impacts of natural hazards, sustainable development, and environmental ethics. Dr. Brower is currently working to create a graduate course for the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Emergency Management Higher Education Project.

Dr. Brower also has an active planning consulting practice and is admitted to practice law in several states as well as before the U.S. Supreme Court. He has served as an officer and on the boards of several state and national organizations including the American Planning Association and the Growth Management Institute.

Table of Contents

Hazards vs. Disasters	1	(39)
Introduction	2	(1)
Hazards: Part of the Natural Environment	2	(4)
Natural Hazards Are Inevitable and Unstoppable	2	(1)
The Earth's Dynamic Equilibrium	3	(1)
Types of Natural Hazards	3	(1)
Are Natural Hazards Becoming More Frequent?	4	(1)
Man-Made Hazards	5	(1)
Self-Check	6	(1)
Hazards and Disasters: Not the Same	6	(5)
The Official Definition of Disaster	6	(1)
The Intersection of the Human Environment and a Natural Hazard	7	(1)
Why Are There More and Bigger Natural Disasters?	8	(2)
Self-Check	10	(1)
The Many Costs of Disasters	11	(6)
Direct Financial Costs	11	(1)
Long-Term Economic Costs	11	(3)
Environmental Costs	14	(1)
Societal Costs	14	(1)
Human Lives Lost	15	(2)
Top Ten Natural Disasters in the United States	17	(1)
Self-Check	17	(1)
Mitigation and Preparedness for Resilient Communities	17	(7)
Taking Action to Prevent Disasters	17	(1)
The Emergency Management System	18	(1)
Preparedness	19	(3)
Mitigation	22	(1)
The Difference between Preparedness and Mitigation	22	(1)
Self-Check	23	(1)
Mitigation Strategies	24	(5)
A Mitigation Toolbox	24	(1)
Strategies to Mitigate Man-Made Hazards	25	(1)
Risk Assessment and Mapping	26	(1)
Managing Community Growth and Development	27	(1)
Protecting the Environment	27	(1)
Tying It All Together with Mitigation Planning	27	(1)
Self-Check	28	(1)
The Value of Mitigation and Preparedness	29	(11)
Mitigation Contributes to Sustainable Communities	30	(1)
Mitigation Pays	30	(1)
Mitigation Calls for Environmental Integrity	31	(1)
Window of Opportunity	32	(1)
There's More to Be Done	33	(1)
Self-Check	33	(1)
Summary	33	(1)
Key Terms	34	(2)
Summary Questions	36	(1)
Review Questions	37	(1)
Applying This Chapter	37	(2)
You Try It	39	(1)
Meteorological and Hydrological Hazards	40	(41)
Introduction	41	(1)
Weather-Related Natural Hazards	41	(2)
Self-Check	43	(1)
Hurricanes	43	(11)
Hurricane Formation	43	(1)
Hurricane Characteristics	43	(2)
Measuring a Hurricane: The Saffir-Simpson Scale	45	(1)
Landfall	46	(3)
Patterns of Hurricane Activity	49	(2)
Explaining the Increase	51	(1)
Patterns of Human Activity	51	(1)
2005: A Record-Breaking Season	52	(1)
What's In a Name?	52	(1)
Self-Check	53	(1)
Flooding	54	(7)
Floodplains, River Basins, and Watersheds	55	(1)
Types of Flooding	55	(1)
Flash Flooding	56	(1)
General Flooding	57	(1)
Flood Mapping	57	(2)
Low-Level Flood Risks	59	(1)
Self-Check	60	(1)
Tornadoes	61	(4)
Tornado Formation	61	(1)
The Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale	62	(1)
Tornado Activity in the United States	63	(2)
Self-Check	65	(1)
Severe Winter Weather	65	(6)
Blizzards	65	(1)
Snowstorms	66	(1)
Freezing Rain	67	(1)
Windchill and Extreme Cold	68	(1)
Impacts of Severe Winter Weather	69	(2)
Self-Check	71	(1)
Wildfires	71	(10)
Self-Check	72	(1)
Summary	73	(1)
Key Terms	73	(4)
Summary Questions	77	(1)
Review Questions	78	(1)
Applying This Chapter	79	(1)
You Try It	80	(1)
Geological Hazards	81	(33)
Introduction	82	(1)
Geological Hazards	82	(1)
Self-Check	83	(1)
Earthquakes	83	(8)
Stress Release	83	(1)
Tectonic Plate Movement: A Constant Wrestling Match	83	(1)
Earthquake Motion	84	(1)
Rating Earthquakes: Scales of Magnitude, Intensity, and Acceleration	84	(3)
Earthquake Impacts on People and Property	87	(1)
Earthquake Experience in the United States	87	(2)
Lessons Learned	89	(2)
Self-Check	91	(1)
Volcanoes	91	(5)
Reaching the Boiling Point	91	(1)
Types of Volcanic Eruptions	92	(1)
Volcanic Hot Spots	93	(1)
The Volcano-Earthquake Connection	93	(1)
Types of Volcanoes	94	(1)
Impacts of Volcanic Activity on People and Property	94	(2)
Self-Check	96	(1)
Landslides/Debris Flows	96	(2)
Self-Check	98	(1)
Coastal Erosion	98	(4)
Self-Check	100	(2)
Subsidence and Collapse	102	(12)
Causes of Land Subsidence	102	(1)
Mine Collapse	103	(1)
Sinkholes	104	(1)
Self-Check	104	(1)
Summary	105	(1)
Key Terms	105	(4)
Summary Questions	109	(1)
Review Questions	110	(1)
Applying This Chapter	111	(2)
You Try It	113	(1)
Man-Made Hazards	114	(32)
Introduction	115	(1)
The American Experience	115	(7)
Distinguishing Between Man-made and Natural Hazards	116	(1)
The All-Hazards Approach	117	(1)
Important Man-Made Events in the United States	118	(4)
Self-Check	122	(1)
Terrorism	122	(4)
Defining Terrorism	122	(1)
Types of Terrorism	123	(1)
Terrorism Tactics and Weapons	124	(1)
Biological and Chemical Weapons	125	(1)
Impacts of Terrorism	125	(1)
Self-Check	126	(1)
Civil Unrest	126	(2)
Race Riots	127	(1)
Looting	127	(1)
Self-Check	128	(1)
Technological Hazards	128	(4)
What Makes Hazardous Materials Hazardous?	129	(1)
Sources of Hazardous Materials	130	(2)
Self-Check	132	(1)
Community Impacts from Technological Hazards	132	(5)
Transportation Accidents	132	(1)
Leaks During Storage and Disposal	132	(1)
Nuclear Accidents	133	(3)
Releases During Natural Hazard Events	136	(1)
Dangers Lurking at Home	137	(1)
Self-Check	137	(1)
Public Perception of Man-Made Hazards	137	(9)
Media Coverage	138	(1)
Individual Experience	138	(1)
A Range of Strong Responses	139	(1)
Mitigating and Preparing for Man-Made Hazards	139	(1)
Self-Check	140	(1)
Summary	140	(1)
Key Terms	140	(2)
Summary Questions	142	(1)
Review Questions	143	(1)
Applying This Chapter	144	(1)
You Try It	145	(1)
Hazards Management Framework	146	(32)
Introduction	147	(1)
Hazard Mitigation through Land Use Management	147	(2)
Land Use Mitigation Measures	147	(2)
Self-Check	149	(1)
A Patchwork System of Governance	149	(2)
Civics 101	149	(1)
Conflicting Public Policy Goals	150	(1)
Self-Check	151	(1)
The Role of Government	151	(7)
Federal Government Involvement in Hazards Management	152	(3)
Hazards Management at the State Level	155	(1)
Hazards Management at the Local Level	156	(2)
Self-Check	158	(1)
Regional Governments	158	(4)
Self-Check	159	(3)
Private Land Ownership	162	(2)
Private Property Rights and Privileges	162	(1)
Limitations on Private Property Uses	162	(1)
Dividing Property Rights	163	(1)
Understanding Property Ownership	163	(1)
Self-Check	164	(1)
Land Use Controls	164	(14)
Exercise of the Police Power through Zoning	165	(1)
Limits on the Police Power	165	(1)
Constitutional Limitations on Government Intervention: the Fifth Amendment	166	(1)
Regulatory Takings	167	(1)
How Far Is Too Far? The Economically Beneficial Test	168	(2)
Self-Check	170	(1)
Summary	171	(1)
Key Terms	172	(1)
Summary Questions	173	(1)
Review Questions	174	(1)
Applying This Chapter	175	(2)
You Try It	177	(1)
The Role of the Federal Government	178	(42)
Introduction	179	(1)
Evolution of Emergency Management at the Federal Level	179	(8)
Federal Involvement: A Slow Trickle	179	(4)
FEMA Incapable of Major Disaster Response	183	(2)
Project Impact	185	(1)
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000	185	(1)
The Threat of Terrorism Initiates Major Agency Reorganization	186	(1)
Hurricane Katrina: Enough Stink to Go Around	186	(1)
Self-Check	187	(1)
Federal Hazard Mitigation Programs	187	(13)
The Role of FEMA	188	(1)
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)	188	(5)
The Community Rating System	193	(1)
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program	194	(1)
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000	194	(1)
Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program	195	(1)
The National Hurricane Program	196	(1)
National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program	196	(1)
The Flood Mitigation Assistance Program	197	(1)
Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA)	197	(2)
United States Army Corps of Engineers	199	(1)
Self-Check	200	(1)
Federal Programs That Indirectly Manage Hazard Impacts	200	(7)
Clean Water Act	200	(2)
The Coastal Zone Management Act	202	(4)
The National Environmental Policy Act	206	(1)
Self-Check	207	(1)
Federal Incentives for Development in Hazard Areas: Driving With the Brakes On	207	(2)
The Internal Revenue Code as a De Facto Management Tool	207	(1)
Federal Infrastructure Programs	208	(1)
Self-Check	209	(1)
Federal Disaster Assistance: Creating a Moral Hazard?	209	(11)
Federal Subsidies of Hazard Risks	210	(1)
Posing Solutions That Lead to More Questions	211	(2)
Self-Check	213	(1)
Summary	214	(1)
Key Terms	214	(1)
Summary Questions	215	(1)
Review Questions	216	(1)
Applying This Chapter	217	(2)
You Try It	219	(1)
Mitigating Hazards at the State Level	220	(30)
Introduction	221	(1)
Divergent State Approaches to Hazardous Land Management	221	(1)
Self-Check	222	(1)
State Emergency Management	222	(4)
State Offices of Emergency Management	223	(1)
Effectiveness of State Emergency Management Offices	223	(1)
The State Hazard Mitigation Officer (SHMO)	223	(1)
Funding for State Mitigation and Preparedness Activities	224	(1)
Self-Check	225	(1)
Hazard Mitigation Planning at the State Level	226	(3)
Mitigation Planning Under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000	226	(1)
DMA Planning Requirements	227	(1)
Consequences of Not Preparing a State Hazard Mitigation Plan	228	(1)
Self-Check	228	(1)
State Mandates for Local Land Use Planning	229	(1)
Self-Check	230	(1)
State Building Codes	230	(3)
State Approaches to Building Codes	231	(1)
Building Code Enforcement	231	(1)
State Support for Local Code Enforcement	232	(1)
Self-Check	233	(1)
State Regulation of Hazard Insurance	233	(2)
Problems with Catastrophic Losses	234	(1)
State Insurance Regulation	234	(1)
Self-Check	235	(1)
State Regulation in Environmentally Sensitive Areas	235	(6)
Combating Coastal Erosion and Storm Impacts	236	(1)
Regulatory Setbacks	236	(2)
Post-Storm Reconstruction	238	(1)
State Wetlands Protection	239	(1)
Areas of Particular Concern	240	(1)
Self-Check	241	(1)
Increasing State Mitigation Capabilities	241	(9)
Self-Check	243	(1)
Summary	244	(1)
Key Terms	244	(1)
Summary Questions	245	(1)
Review Questions	246	(1)
Applying This Chapter	247	(2)
You Try It	249	(1)
Local Government Powers	250	(39)
Introduction	251	(1)
A Sustainable Community is a Resilient Community	251	(2)
Unsustainable Land Uses Lead to Vulnerability	252	(1)
Local Policy is Local	252	(1)
A Duty to Act	253	(1)
Self-Check	253	(1)
RATES: Local Government Powers to Manage Growth and Development	253	(22)
Using Local Government Powers to Manage Growth	254	(2)
Using the Power of Regulation to Mitigate the Impacts of Hazards	256	(1)
Zoning	256	(3)
Subdivision Ordinances	259	(2)
Building Codes	261	(1)
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinances	261	(1)
Using the Power of Acquisition to Mitigate the Impacts of Hazards	262	(4)
Using the Power of Taxation and Fees to Mitigate the Impacts of Hazards	266	(2)
Using the Power of Spending to Mitigate the Impacts of Hazards	268	(3)
Using the Power of Education to Mitigate the Impacts of Hazards	271	(1)
Local Government Planning	272	(2)
Self-Check	274	(1)
Local Government Structure	275	(14)
Types of Local Governments	275	(1)
Counties	275	(1)
Municipalities	276	(2)
Towns and Townships	278	(1)
Special Districts	278	(1)
Local Government Departments	279	(1)
Relationships among Local Governments	279	(3)
Self-Check	282	(1)
Summary	283	(1)
Key Terms	283	(2)
Summary Questions	285	(1)
Review Questions	286	(1)
Applying This Chapter	287	(1)
You Try It	288	(1)
Community Resilience and The Private Sector	289	(44)
Introduction	290	(1)
Resilient Economies, Resilient Communities	290	(3)
The Foundations of a Resilient Economy	290	(1)
Community Resiliency Depends on Business Resiliency	291	(1)
Self-Check	292	(1)
Private Land Ownership in the United States	293	(4)
Location, Location, Location	293	(1)
The Role of Developers and Investors	293	(3)
Public Sector Actions to Influence Private Sector Decisions	296	(1)
Self-Check	297	(1)
Economic Resiliency: Protecting Businesses From Hazards	297	(7)
Economic Impacts of Natural Hazards	301	(1)
Community Resiliency Depends on Business Resiliency	302	(1)
Self-Check	303	(1)
Business Risk Assessment and Impact Analysis	304	(7)
Types of Business Protection Plans	305	(1)
Business Risk Assessment	306	(1)
Hazard Identification	307	(1)
Vulnerability Assessment	308	(1)
Business Impact Analysis	309	(2)
Self-Check	311	(1)
Preparing a Plan to Minimize Losses	311	(11)
Reviewing the Business Impact Analysis	311	(1)
Property Protection	312	(2)
Business Contingency Planning	314	(2)
Preparing a Business Relocation Plan	316	(1)
Protecting Employees and Their Families	317	(2)
Business Protection through Insurance	319	(3)
Self-Check	322	(1)
Private Sector Participation in Community Mitigation	322	(11)
Using Incentives to Promote Community Resiliency	323	(2)
Self-Check	325	(1)
Summary	325	(1)
Key Terms	326	(3)
Summary Questions	329	(1)
Review Questions	330	(1)
Applying This Chapter	331	(1)
You Try It	332	(1)
Risk Assessment	333	(40)
Introduction	334	(1)
The Purpose of a Risk Assessment	334	(3)
Self-Check	336	(1)
Steps in the Risk Assessment Process	337	(3)
Mapping and Data Collection	338	(1)
Creating a Base Map	339	(1)
Self-Check	340	(1)
Risk Assessment Step One: Identifying Hazards	340	(2)
Finding the Information	340	(1)
Finding Information on Man-Made Hazards	341	(1)
Self-Check	341	(1)
Risk Assessment Step Two: Profiling Hazards	342	(8)
Creating a Hazard History	342	(1)
Identifying the Extent of Each Hazard	343	(2)
Determining the Probability of Each Hazard	345	(1)
Identifying the Location of Each Hazard	345	(4)
Profiling Man-Made Hazards	349	(1)
Completing Steps One and Two	350	(1)
Self-Check	350	(1)
Risk Assessment Step Three: Inventorying Vulnerable Assets and Populations	350	(7)
Tasks in Step Three	351	(1)
Sources of Information	351	(1)
Task One: Inventorying Assets and Populations in the Community	352	(1)
Task Two: Inventorying Assets and Populations in Each Hazard Area	353	(1)
Task Three: Calculating the Proportion of Assets Located in Hazard Areas	353	(2)
Inventorying Assets for Man-Made Hazards	355	(1)
Mapping Assets and Populations	356	(1)
Self-Check	356	(1)
Risk Assessment Step Four: Estimating Potential Losses	357	(2)
Calculating Human Losses	357	(1)
Using HAZUS Software to Estimate Hazard Losses	358	(1)
Estimating Losses from Man-Made Hazards	359	(1)
Self-Check	359	(1)
Risk Assessment Step Five: Describing Future Land Use and Development Trends	359	(3)
Describing Undeveloped Areas	360	(1)
Describing Scheduled Infrastructure Areas	360	(1)
Determining Where Undeveloped Areas Intersect with Hazardous Areas	361	(1)
Self-Check	362	(1)
Risk Assessment Step Six: Forming Conclusions (Determining Acceptability)	362	(11)
Each Community Must Decide for Itself	363	(1)
Creating a Mitigation Plan Based on the Risk Assessment	363	(1)
Self-Check	364	(1)
Summary	364	(1)
Key Terms	365	(3)
Summary Questions	368	(1)
Review Questions	369	(1)
Applying This Chapter	370	(2)
You Try It	372	(1)
Preparedness Activities	373	(31)
Introduction	374	(1)
Drawing the Lines between Mitigation, Response, and Preparedness	374	(7)
The Role of Preparedness in the Disaster Management Cycle	374	(4)
Preparedness in a Nutshell	378	(2)
Self-Check	380	(1)
Preparedness Is Everyone's Responsibility	381	(11)
Government Agencies	381	(6)
Families and Individuals	387	(1)
Business and Commercial Preparedness	388	(1)
Highlight on Evacuation: Roles and Responsibilities	389	(3)
Self-Check	392	(1)
Preparedness Programs	392	(12)
Volunteer Programs	392	(2)
Education and Training Programs	394	(1)
Exercise Programs	395	(2)
Self-Check	397	(1)
Summary	398	(1)
Key Terms	398	(2)
Summary Questions	400	(1)
Review Questions	401	(1)
Applying This Chapter	402	(1)
You Try It	403	(1)
Hazard Mitigation Tools and Techniques	404	(41)
Introduction	405	(1)
Types of Mitigation Tools and Techniques	405	(2)
Self-Check	407	(1)
Mitigation through Engineering Projects	407	(9)
Disadvantages of Structural Engineered Mitigation Projects	407	(2)
Dams and Reservoirs	409	(2)
Dikes, Levees, Floodwalls, and Berms	411	(2)
Reducing Coastal Hazard Impacts through Structural Engineered Projects	413	(3)
Self-Check	416	(1)
Storm Sewers and Drainage Systems	416	(2)
Building Drainage Systems with Adequate Capacity	417	(1)
Drain System Maintenance	417	(1)
Nontraditional Stormwater Management	418	(1)
Moving Away from Structural Engineered Mitigation Projects	418	(1)
Self-Check	418	(1)
Mitigation through Prevention	418	(5)
Acquisition and Relocation	419	(1)
Land Use Regulation	420	(1)
Setback Regulations	421	(1)
Capital Improvement Programming	422	(1)
Self-Check	423	(1)
Mitigation through Property Protection	423	(4)
Strengthening Buildings and Facilities	424	(2)
Building Codes: Requiring and Enforcing Safe Construction	426	(1)
Other Municipal Improvements	426	(1)
Self-Check	427	(1)
Mitigation through Natural Resource Protection	427	(2)
Preserving Wetlands	427	(1)
Soil Conservation and Steep Slope Preservation	428	(1)
Self-Check	429	(1)
Mitigation through Public Information	429	(3)
Hazard Mapping	429	(1)
Real Estate Disclosure Laws	430	(1)
Disaster Warning	430	(1)
Community Awareness Campaigns	431	(1)
Self-Check	432	(1)
Mitigation Funding	432	(13)
State and Federal Funding Sources	433	(1)
Combining Mitigation with Other Goals	433	(1)
Finding Matching Funds	433	(1)
Finding Mitigation Funds at Home	434	(1)
Self-Check	434	(1)
Mitigation Strategies for Man-Made Hazards	434	(1)
Self-Check	435	(1)
Putting It All Together: Local Mitigation Planning	436	(2)
Self-Check	438	(1)
Summary	438	(1)
Key Terms	438	(2)
Summary Questions	440	(2)
Review Questions	442	(1)
Applying This Chapter	442	(2)
You Try It	444	(1)
Hazard Mitigation Planning	445	(35)
Introduction	446	(1)
Hazard Mitigation Planning Overview	446	(3)
Why Prepare a Mitigation Plan?	447	(1)
Types of Mitigation Plans	447	(1)
Four Phases of the Planning Process	448	(1)
Self-Check	448	(1)
Organizing to Prepare the Plan	449	(2)
Public Participation	450	(1)
Document the Planning Process	450	(1)
Self-Check	450	(1)
Risk Assessment	451	(2)
Hazard Identification	451	(1)
Hazard Profile	451	(1)
Vulnerability Assessment	452	(1)
Self-Check	453	(1)
Capability Assessment	453	(2)
Capability of Local Departments and Agencies	454	(1)
Review Existing Policies, Programs, and Ordinances that May Affect Vulnerability	454	(1)
Self-Check	455	(1)
Develop Mitigation Goals and Objectives	455	(2)
Developing Goal Statements	455	(1)
Creating Objectives	456	(1)
Self-Check	457	(1)
Develop Mitigation Actions	457	(7)
Sources for Mitigation Action Ideas	458	(1)
Select and Prioritize Mitigation Actions	459	(4)
Recommendations for Mitigation Action	463	(1)
Self-Check	463	(1)
Create Implementation Procedures	464	(2)
Assign Responsibility	464	(1)
Identify Potential Funding Sources	464	(1)
Establish a Time Frame	465	(1)
Self-Check	466	(1)
Establish a Plan Maintenance Process	466	(3)
Procedures for Monitoring Implementation	466	(1)
Procedures for Evaluating Plan Progress	466	(1)
Procedures for Revising and Updating the Plan	467	(1)
Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms	468	(1)
Continued Public Involvement	468	(1)
Self-Check	469	(1)
Putting It All Together: Writing and Adopting the Hazard Mitigation Plan	469	(11)
Putting Pen to Paper: Writing Style and Format	469	(1)
Adopting the Plan	470	(1)
Submit the Plan for Approval	471	(1)
Putting the Plan in Motion: Mitigation in Action	472	(1)
Self-Check	472	(1)
Summary	473	(1)
Key Terms	473	(1)
Summary Questions	474	(2)
Review Questions	476	(1)
Applying This Chapter	477	(2)
You Try It	479	(1)
Building A Culture Of Prevention	480	(39)
Introduction	481	(1)
Vulnerability as a Function of Human Behavior	481	(6)
A Change in Thinking	481	(2)
The Three Spheres of Sustainable Development	483	(2)
Reaching Resiliency	485	(1)
What is Mitigation?	485	(2)
Self-Check	487	(1)
Economic Vitality	487	(4)
Economic Losses Following a Disaster	487	(1)
Local Mitigation Strategies to Protect the Economy	488	(2)
Revamping the NFIP to Make Flood Insurance Actuarially Sound	490	(1)
Self-Check	491	(1)
Social Equity	491	(8)
Poverty Exacerbates Vulnerability	492	(1)
Disparities in Risk Perception	493	(1)
Social Equity Makes Economic Sense	493	(1)
Determining What is an Acceptable Level of Risk	494	(2)
Describing Risk in Terms that People Can Understand	496	(1)
Incorporating Future Build-Out into Flood Risk Determinations	497	(1)
No Adverse Impact: A Do No Harm Policy	498	(1)
Self-Check	499	(1)
Environmental Integrity	499	(4)
Using Land Wisely	499	(3)
Green Infrastructure	502	(1)
The Role of Nonprofit Conservation and Environmental Protection Organizations	502	(1)
Self-Check	503	(1)
Pre-and Postdisaster Opportunities for Sustainable Development	503	(6)
Recognizing the Opportunities for Postdisaster Sustainable Redevelopment	503	(3)
Paradigms of Sustainable Redevelopment	506	(2)
Self-Check	508	(1)
The Art of Emergency Management: Resilient Communities for a Sustainable Future	509	(10)
Self-Check	511	(1)
Summary	511	(1)
Key Terms	511	(2)
Summary Questions	513	(1)
Review Questions	514	(1)
Applying This Chapter	515	(2)
You Try It	517	(2)
Endnotes	519	(17)
Glossary	536	(15)
Index	551