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9780470699751

Wind Energy Handbook

by ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780470699751

  • ISBN10:

    0470699752

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2011-06-13
  • Publisher: Wiley
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Summary

Fully revised and updated, now covering offshore wind turbines, this is a comprehensive description of the mechanical, electrical, aerodynamic, meteorological and planning aspects of modern wind turbines.Fully revised and updated, this second edition addresses key developments in the wind technology since the first edition, now the leading reference on the subject, was published in 2001. A completely new chapter focuses on offshore wind turbines and wind farms. After a brief introduction, the authors discuss the wind resource. Particular reference is made to wind turbulence due to its importance in wind turbine design. A discussion on the basis of the aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines follows, incorporating general momentum theory and dynamic stall, and an analysis of their performance. The book goes on to assess the requirements for establishing design loads, updating national and international standards and revising dynamic analysis codes where necessary. Burton et al. also set out the various design options for horizontal axis wind turbines, discussing variable speed operation and reviewing alternative blade materials and their properties. They explain the functions of the wind turbine controller and describe some of the possible analysis techniques. The text also reviews the development of wind energy projects with particular emphasis on environmental impact, and considers how wind turbines interact with the electrical power system. The 1 st edition is the leading reference for wind energy researchers and practitioners worldwide. This edition has 25% new material, including a new chapter covering offshore wind turbines and wind farms. R evises the chapter on the aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines to include new sections on general momentum theory, lifting line theory and dynamic stall.

Tony Burton, Wind Energy Consultant, Carno, Powys: is a civil engineer, and worked as a construction manager for Wind Energy Group (WEG), a manufacturer of large wind turbines, where he coordinated the Phase IIB offshore wind energy assessment for the UK Department of Energy. Following this, he worked on the design, construction, commissioning and operation of both the 3 MW LS1 wind turbine on Orkney and the 24 300 kW WEG MS3 machines at Cemmaes wind farm in Wales. He is now a wind energy consultant, specializing in tower and foundation design.

David Sharpe: has a background in aerodynamics. He has now retired from his position with the Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology at Loughborough University.

Nick Jenkins, Joule Centre, University of Manchester: an electrical engineer, Nick Jenkins is now Professor of Energy Systems. His early career included 14 years industrial experience, where his final position was as Projects Director for WEG. While at the University he has developed teaching and research activities in both electrical power engineering and renewable energy. He is a Fellow of the IET, IEEE and Royal Academy of Engineering. He serves as the Director of the Joule Centre for Energy Research in England’s North West and as the Chairman of the North West Energy Council.

Ervin Bossanyi, Garrad Hassan & Partners, Ltd, Bristol: a controls engineer, also had an early career at WEG, and continues to work in the wind energy industry.

Table of Contents

About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of symbols
Historical development
Modern wind turbines
Scope of the book
References
Further reading
The nature of the wind
Geographical variation in the wind resource
LongâÇôterm wind speed variations
Annual and seasonal variations
Synoptic and diurnal variations
Turbulence
References
Aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines
Introduction
The actuator disc concept
Vortex cylinder model of the actuator disc
Rotor blade theory (bladeâÇôelement/momentum theory)
Breakdown of the momentum theory
Blade geometry
The effects of a discrete number of blades
Stall delay
Calculated results for an actual turbine
The performance curves
Constant rotational speed operation
Pitch regulation
Comparison of measured with theoretical performance
Variable speed operation
Estimation of energy capture
Aerofoil profile designs for wind turbines
ReferencesWebsites
Further reading
lift and drag of aerofoils
Further aerodynamic topics for wind turbines
Introduction
The aerodynamics of turbines in steady yaw
The method of acceleration potential
Unsteady flow
QuasiâÇôsteady aerofoil aerodynamics
Dynamic Stall
Computational fluid dynamics
References
Further reading
Design loads for horizontal axis wind turbines
National and international standards
Basis for design loads
Turbulence and wakes
Extreme loads
Fatigue loading
Stationary blade loading
Blade loads during operation
Blade dynamic response
Blade fatigue stresses
Hub and low speed shaft loading
Nacelle loading
Tower loading
Wind turbine dynamic analysis codes
Extrapolation of extreme loads from simulations
References
Dynamic response of stationary blade in turbulent wind
Conceptual design of horizontal axis wind turbines
Introduction
Rotor diameter
Machine rating
Rotational speed
Number of blades
Teetering
Power control
Braking systems
Fixed speed, two speed or variable speed
Type of generator
Drive train mounting arrangement options
Drive train compliance
Rotor position with respect to tower
Tower stiffness
Personnel safety and access issues
References
Component design
Blades
Pitch bearings
Rotor hub
Gearbox
Generator
Mechanical brake
Nacelle bedplate
Yaw drive
Tower
Foundations
References
The controller
Functions of the wind turbine controller
Closed loop control: issues and objectives
Closed loop control: general techniques
Closed loop control: analytical design methods
Pitch actuators
Control system implementation
References
Wind turbine installations and wind farms
Project development
Landscape and visual impact assessment
Noise
Electromagnetic Interference
Ecological assessment
References
Wind energy and the electric power system
Introduction
Wind farm power collection systems
Earthing (grounding) of wind farms
Lightning protection
Connection of wind generation to distribution networks
Power system studies
Power quality
Electrical protection
Distributed generation and the Grid Codes
Wind energy and the generation system
References
Appendix
Development of offshore wind energy
The offshore wind resource
Design loads
Machine size optimisation
Reliability of offshore wind turbines
Support structures
Environmental assessment of offshore wind farms
Offshore power collection and transmission
Operation and access
References
Appendix A11
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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