Tony Burton, Wind Energy Consultant, Carno, Powys: is a civil engineer, and worked as a construction manager for Wind Energy Group (WEG), a manufacturer of large wind turbines, where he coordinated the Phase IIB offshore wind energy assessment for the UK Department of Energy. Following this, he worked on the design, construction, commissioning and operation of both the 3 MW LS1 wind turbine on Orkney and the 24 300 kW WEG MS3 machines at Cemmaes wind farm in Wales. He is now a wind energy consultant, specializing in tower and foundation design.
David Sharpe: has a background in aerodynamics. He has now retired from his position with the Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology at Loughborough University.
Nick Jenkins, Joule Centre, University of Manchester: an electrical engineer, Nick Jenkins is now Professor of Energy Systems. His early career included 14 years industrial experience, where his final position was as Projects Director for WEG. While at the University he has developed teaching and research activities in both electrical power engineering and renewable energy. He is a Fellow of the IET, IEEE and Royal Academy of Engineering. He serves as the Director of the Joule Centre for Energy Research in England’s North West and as the Chairman of the North West Energy Council.
Ervin Bossanyi, Garrad Hassan & Partners, Ltd, Bristol: a controls engineer, also had an early career at WEG, and continues to work in the wind energy industry.
Table of Contents
About the Authors | |
Preface | |
Acknowledgements | |
List of symbols | |
Historical development | |
Modern wind turbines | |
Scope of the book | |
References | |
Further reading | |
The nature of the wind | |
Geographical variation in the wind resource | |
LongâÇôterm wind speed variations | |
Annual and seasonal variations | |
Synoptic and diurnal variations | |
Turbulence | |
References | |
Aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines | |
Introduction | |
The actuator disc concept | |
Vortex cylinder model of the actuator disc | |
Rotor blade theory (bladeâÇôelement/momentum theory) | |
Breakdown of the momentum theory | |
Blade geometry | |
The effects of a discrete number of blades | |
Stall delay | |
Calculated results for an actual turbine | |
The performance curves | |
Constant rotational speed operation | |
Pitch regulation | |
Comparison of measured with theoretical performance | |
Variable speed operation | |
Estimation of energy capture | |
Aerofoil profile designs for wind turbines | |
ReferencesWebsites | |
Further reading | |
lift and drag of aerofoils | |
Further aerodynamic topics for wind turbines | |
Introduction | |
The aerodynamics of turbines in steady yaw | |
The method of acceleration potential | |
Unsteady flow | |
QuasiâÇôsteady aerofoil aerodynamics | |
Dynamic Stall | |
Computational fluid dynamics | |
References | |
Further reading | |
Design loads for horizontal axis wind turbines | |
National and international standards | |
Basis for design loads | |
Turbulence and wakes | |
Extreme loads | |
Fatigue loading | |
Stationary blade loading | |
Blade loads during operation | |
Blade dynamic response | |
Blade fatigue stresses | |
Hub and low speed shaft loading | |
Nacelle loading | |
Tower loading | |
Wind turbine dynamic analysis codes | |
Extrapolation of extreme loads from simulations | |
References | |
Dynamic response of stationary blade in turbulent wind | |
Conceptual design of horizontal axis wind turbines | |
Introduction | |
Rotor diameter | |
Machine rating | |
Rotational speed | |
Number of blades | |
Teetering | |
Power control | |
Braking systems | |
Fixed speed, two speed or variable speed | |
Type of generator | |
Drive train mounting arrangement options | |
Drive train compliance | |
Rotor position with respect to tower | |
Tower stiffness | |
Personnel safety and access issues | |
References | |
Component design | |
Blades | |
Pitch bearings | |
Rotor hub | |
Gearbox | |
Generator | |
Mechanical brake | |
Nacelle bedplate | |
Yaw drive | |
Tower | |
Foundations | |
References | |
The controller | |
Functions of the wind turbine controller | |
Closed loop control: issues and objectives | |
Closed loop control: general techniques | |
Closed loop control: analytical design methods | |
Pitch actuators | |
Control system implementation | |
References | |
Wind turbine installations and wind farms | |
Project development | |
Landscape and visual impact assessment | |
Noise | |
Electromagnetic Interference | |
Ecological assessment | |
References | |
Wind energy and the electric power system | |
Introduction | |
Wind farm power collection systems | |
Earthing (grounding) of wind farms | |
Lightning protection | |
Connection of wind generation to distribution networks | |
Power system studies | |
Power quality | |
Electrical protection | |
Distributed generation and the Grid Codes | |
Wind energy and the generation system | |
References | |
Appendix | |
Development of offshore wind energy | |
The offshore wind resource | |
Design loads | |
Machine size optimisation | |
Reliability of offshore wind turbines | |
Support structures | |
Environmental assessment of offshore wind farms | |
Offshore power collection and transmission | |
Operation and access | |
References | |
Appendix A11 | |
Index | |
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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