Wireless Sensor Networks Technology, Protocols, and Applications

by Sohraby, Kazem; Minoli, Daniel; Znati, Taieb

• ISBN13: 9780471743002
• ISBN10: 0471743003
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-04-06
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

Infrastructure for Homeland Security Environments Wireless Sensor Networks helps readers discover the emerging field of low-cost standards-based sensors that promise a high order of spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy in an ever-increasing universe of applications. It shares the latest advances in science and engineering paving the way towards a large plethora of new applications in such areas as infrastructure protection and security, healthcare, energy, food safety, RFID, ZigBee, and processing. Unlike other books on wireless sensor networks that focus on limited topics in the field, this book is a broad introduction that covers all the major technology, standards, and application topics. It contains everything readers need to know to enter this burgeoning field, including current applications and promising research and development; communication and networking protocols; middleware architecture for wireless sensor networks; and security and management. The straightforward and engaging writing style of this book makes even complex concepts and processes easy to follow and understand. In addition, it offers several features that help readers grasp the material and then apply their knowledge in designing their own wireless sensor network systems: Examples illustrate how concepts are applied to the development and application of wireless sensor networks Detailed case studies set forth all the steps of design and implementation needed to solve real-world problems Chapter conclusions that serve as an excellent review by stressing the chapter's key concepts References in each chapter guide readers to in-depth discussions of individual topics This book is ideal for networking designers and engineers who want to fully exploit this new technology and for government employees who are concerned about homeland security. With its examples, it is appropriate for use as a coursebook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.

Author Biography

Kazem Sohraby, PhD, is Professor of Electrical Engineering in the College of Engineering at the University of Arkansas. Dr. Sohraby has also served as head of the university's Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, and as Director of Telecommunications Management Department at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey. Prior to his university appointment, Dr. Sohraby spent much of his career at Bell Labs Advanced Communication Technologies Center. His work resulted in more than twenty new patents for Bell Labs.

Daniel Minoli has worked and published extensively in the field of IT security, with more than thirty years of hands-on experience in IT, telecommunications, wireless, and networking. He has helped develop systems and solutions for such organizations as Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) think tanks, Bell Telephone Laboratories, ITT, Prudential Securities, Telcordia (Bell Communications Research), AT&T, Leading Edge Networks, Capital One Financial, SES Americom, New York University, Rutgers University, Stevens Institute of Technology, and Société Générale de Financement du Québec. His columns have been published in Computerworld, Network World, and Network Computing.

Taieb Znati, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Znati's recent work focuses on the design and analysis of network protocols for wired and wireless communications, sensor networks, network security, agent-based technology with collaborative environments, and middleware.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
About the Authors	p. xiii
Introduction and Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Background of Sensor Network Technology	p. 2
Applications of Sensor Networks	p. 10
Focus of This Book	p. 12
Basic Overview of the Technology	p. 13
Basic Sensor Network Architectural Elements	p. 15
Brief Historical Survey of Sensor Networks	p. 26
Challenges and Hurdles	p. 29
Conclusion	p. 31
References	p. 31
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 38
Introduction	p. 38
Background	p. 38
Range of Applications	p. 42
Examples of Category 2 WSN Applications	p. 50
Home Control	p. 51
Building Automation	p. 53
Industrial Automation	p. 56
Medical Applications	p. 57
Examples of Category 1 WSN Applications	p. 59
Sensor and Robots	p. 60
Reconfigurable Sensor Networks	p. 62
Highway Monitoring	p. 63
Military Applications	p. 64
Civil and Environmental Engineering Applications	p. 67
Wildfire Instrumentation	p. 68
Habitat Monitoring	p. 68
Nanoscopic Sensor Applications	p. 69
Another Taxonomy of WSN Technology	p. 69
Conclusion	p. 71
References	p. 71
Basic Wireless Sensor Technology	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Sensor Node Technology	p. 76
Overview	p. 76
Hardware and Software	p. 78
Sensor Taxonomy	p. 80
WN Operating Environment	p. 84
WN Trends	p. 87
Conclusion	p. 91
References	p. 91
Wireless Transmission Technology and Systems	p. 93
Introduction	p. 93
Radio Technology Primer	p. 94
Propagation and Propagation Impairments	p. 94
Modulation	p. 101
Available Wireless Technologies	p. 103
Campus Applications	p. 105
MAN/WAN Applications	p. 120
Conclusion	p. 131
Modulation Basics	p. 131
References	p. 139
Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 142
Introduction	p. 142
Background	p. 143
Fundamentals of MAC Protocols	p. 144
Performance Requirements	p. 145
Common Protocols	p. 148
MAC Protocols for WSNs	p. 158
Schedule-Based Protocols	p. 161
Random Access-Based Protocols	p. 165
Sensor-MAC Case Study	p. 167
Protocol Overview	p. 167
Periodic Listen and Sleep Operations	p. 168
Schedule Selection and Coordination	p. 169
Schedule Synchronization	p. 170
Adaptive Listening	p. 171
Access Control and Data Exchange	p. 171
Message Passing	p. 172
IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs Standard Case Study	p. 173
PHY Layer	p. 176
MAC Layer	p. 178
Conclusion	p. 192
References	p. 193
Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 197
Introduction	p. 197
Background	p. 198
Data Dissemination and Gathering	p. 199
Routing Challenges and Design Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 200
Network Scale and Time-Varying Characteristics	p. 200
Resource Constraints	p. 201
Sensor Applications Data Models	p. 201
Routing Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 202
WSN Routing Techniques	p. 203
Flooding and Its Variants	p. 203
Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation	p. 206
Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy	p. 210
Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems	p. 213
Directed Diffusion	p. 215
Geographical Routing	p. 219
Conclusion	p. 225
References	p. 225
Transport Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 229
Traditional Transport Control Protocols	p. 229
TCP (RFC 793)	p. 231
UDP (RFC 768)	p. 233
Mobile IP	p. 233
Feasibility of Using TCP or UDP for WSNs	p. 234
Transport Protocol Design Issues	p. 235
Examples of Existing Transport Control Protocols	p. 237
CODA (Congestion Detection and Avoidance)	p. 237
ESRT (Event-to-Sink Reliable Transport)	p. 237
RMST (Reliable Multisegment Transport)	p. 239
PSFQ (Pump Slowly, Fetch Quickly)	p. 239
GARUDA	p. 239
ATP (Ad Hoc Transport Protocol)	p. 240
Problems with Transport Control Protocols	p. 240
Performance of Transport Control Protocols	p. 241
Congestion	p. 241
Packet Loss Recovery	p. 242
Conclusion	p. 244
References	p. 244
Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 246
Introduction	p. 246
WSN Middleware Principles	p. 247
Middleware Architecture	p. 248
Data-Related Functions	p. 249
Architectures	p. 252
Existing Middleware	p. 253
MiLAN (Middleware Linking Applications and Networks)	p. 253
IrisNet (Internet-Scale Resource-Intensive Sensor Networks Services)	p. 254
AMF (Adaptive Middleware Framework)	p. 255
DSWare (Data Service Middleware)	p. 255
CLMF (Cluster-Based Lightweight Middleware Framework)	p. 256
MSM (Middleware Service for Monitoring)	p. 256
Em	p. 256
Impala	p. 257
DFuse	p. 257
DDS (Device Database System)	p. 258
SensorWare	p. 258
Conclusion	p. 259
References	p. 259
Network Management for Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 262
Introduction	p. 262
Network Management Requirements	p. 262
Traditional Network Management Models	p. 263
Simple Network Management Protocol	p. 263
Telecom Operation Map	p. 264
Network Management Design Issues	p. 264
Example of Management Architecture: MANNA	p. 267
Other Issues Related to Network Management	p. 268
Naming	p. 269
Localization	p. 269
Conclusion	p. 270
References	p. 270
Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
Operating System Design Issues	p. 274
Examples of Operating Systems	p. 276
TinyOS	p. 276
Mate	p. 277
MagnetOS	p. 278
MANTIS	p. 278
OSPM	p. 279
EYES OS	p. 279
SenOS	p. 280
EMERALDS	p. 280
PicOS	p. 281
Conclusion	p. 281
References	p. 281
Performance and Traffic Management	p. 283
Introduction	p. 283
Background	p. 283
WSN Design Issues	p. 286
MAC Protocols	p. 286
Routing Protocols	p. 286
Transport Protocols	p. 287
Performance Modeling of WSNs	p. 288
Performance Metrics	p. 288
Basic Models	p. 289
Network Models	p. 292
Case Study: Simple Computation of the System Life Span	p. 294
Analysis	p. 296
Discussion	p. 298
Conclusion	p. 300
References	p. 300
Index	p. 303
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