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9780618215546

Working in Groups

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780618215546

  • ISBN10:

    0618215549

  • Edition: 3rd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2002-08-01
  • Publisher: Houghton Mifflin College Div
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Supplemental Materials

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Summary

"Working in Groups" provides students with strategies for using theory and contemporary research findings to enhance group communication, group productivity, and member satisfaction.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
PART Basic Group Concepts 1(72)
Introduction to Small Group Communication
2(24)
Inescapable Groups
3(1)
Defining Small Group Communication
4(3)
Three or More People
4(1)
Interaction
5(1)
Common Goal
5(1)
Interdependence
6(1)
Working
6(1)
The Process of Group Communication
7(2)
Synergistic System
9(1)
Types of Groups
9(5)
Primary Groups
10(1)
Social Groups
10(1)
Self-Help Groups
10(1)
Learning Groups
10(1)
Service Groups
11(1)
Work Groups
11(1)
Public Groups
12(2)
Working in Virtual Groups
14(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Working in Groups
14(3)
Advantages
15(1)
Disadvantages
16(1)
How co Learn About Groups
17(2)
Theories, Methods, and Tools
17(1)
Using Toolboxes
18(1)
Experiential Learning
19(1)
Balance: The Guiding Principle
19(1)
Summary Study Guide
20(1)
GroupWork It Was the Best of Groups; It Was the Worst of Groups
21(2)
Assessment Basic Group Elements
23(3)
Group Formation and Development
26(22)
Why People Need Groups
27(6)
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
27(2)
Schutz's Theory of Interpersonal Behavior
29(4)
Task and Maintenance Roles
33(1)
Task and Social Dimensions
33(1)
How Groups Develop
33(4)
Tuckman's Stages
34(1)
Fisher's Phases
35(1)
Implications
36(1)
Formation and Development of Virtual Groups
36(1)
Group Norms
37(4)
Identifying Norms
38(1)
Conformity and Norms
39(1)
Constructive Deviation
40(1)
Groupthink
40(1)
Dealing with Change
41(1)
Changing Goals
41(1)
Changing Membership
41(1)
Changing, Norms
42(1)
Balancing Needs and Norms
42(1)
Summary Study Guide
43(1)
GroupWork Classroom Norms
44(2)
Assessment Group Attraction Survey
46(2)
Participation in Groups
48(25)
Who Wants to be a Follower?
49(1)
Theories of Participation
49(8)
Functional Theory
49(4)
Personality Type Theory
53(3)
Implications of Participation Theories
56(1)
Guidelines for Participation
57(4)
Readiness
57(1)
Research and Preparation
57(1)
Willingness
58(1)
Ability
59(1)
Participant Responsibilities
59(1)
Participating in Virtual Groups
60(1)
Dealing with Difficulties
61(4)
Disruptive Members
61(1)
Disruptive Behavior in Meetings
62(1)
Hidden Agendas
63(2)
Diversity and Participation
65(1)
Balanced Participation
66(1)
Summary Study Guide
67(1)
GroupWork Type Talk in Groups
68(2)
Assessment Participation Assessment Instrument
70(3)
PART II Interaction Skills 73(98)
Confidence in Groups
74(23)
Member Confidence
75(1)
Communication Apprehension
75(3)
Quantity of Talk
76(1)
Quality of Talk
76(1)
Perception of Others
77(1)
PRCA
78(1)
Coping with Communication Apprehension
78(5)
Guidelines for High Apprehensives
78(2)
Guidelines for Low Apprehensives
80(2)
Confidence in Virtual Groups
82(1)
Social Tensions
83(3)
Primary Tension
83(1)
Group Development and Tension
84(1)
Secondary Tension
85(1)
Assertiveness
86(4)
Balancing Nonassertion and Aggression
86(2)
Assertiveness Skill Building
88(1)
Communicating Assertively
88(2)
Balancing Confidence and Tension
90(1)
Summary Study Guide
91(1)
GroupWork Sorting the Symptoms
92(1)
Assessment Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24)
93(4)
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in Groups
97(26)
Two Essential Tools
98(1)
Language and Meaning
98(2)
Denotation and Connotation
98(1)
Levels of Meaning
99(1)
Team Talk
100(2)
Implications of Team Talk
100(2)
Language Difficulties
102(3)
Bypassing
102(1)
Using Listening to Clarify Language
103(1)
Offensive Language
104(1)
Jargon
104(1)
Adapting to Language Differences
105(1)
Language and Gender
105(1)
Language and Culture
105(1)
Importance of Nonverbal Communication
106(1)
Nonverbal Behavior
107(2)
Personal Appearance
107(1)
Facial Expression
107(1)
Local Expression
108(1)
Physical Expression
108(1)
The Nonverbal Environment
109(5)
Arrangement of Space
109(2)
Perceptions of Personal Space
111(1)
Perceptions and Use of Time
112(1)
Nonverbal Communication in Virtual Groups
113(1)
Nonverbal Communication and Culture
114(1)
Creating a Communication Climate
114(3)
Evaluation versus Description
115(1)
Control versus Problem Orientation
115(1)
Strategy versus Spontaneity
116(1)
Neutrality versus Empathy
116(1)
Superiority versus Equality
116(1)
Certainty versus Provisionalism
117(1)
Balancing Language and Nonverbal Behavior
117(1)
Summary Study Guide
118(1)
GroupWork Context, Context, Context
119(1)
Assessment Auditing Team Talk
120(3)
Listening in Groups
123(23)
Hearing and Listening
124(1)
The Need for Effective Listening
124(1)
Types of Listening
125(4)
Comprehensive Listening
126(1)
Empathic Listening
126(1)
Analytical Listening
127(1)
Listening, Argumentation, and Conflict
127(1)
Appreciative Listening
128(1)
Group Roles and Listening
129(1)
Task Roles and Listening
129(1)
Maintenance Roles and Listening
129(1)
Self-Centered Roles and Listening
129(1)
Leadership Functions and Listening
130(1)
Group Listening Skills
130(4)
Use Your Extra Thought Speed
130(1)
Apply the Golden Listening Rule
131(1)
Listening Strategies
131(2)
Listening and Nonverbal Communication
133(1)
Taking Notes in Groups
134(2)
Self-Listening in Groups
136(1)
Adapting to Different Listeners
137(2)
Listening in Virtual Groups
138(1)
Balanced Listening
139(1)
Summary Study Guide
140(1)
GroupWork Hold Your Tongue and Listen
141(1)
Assessment Shafir's Self-Listening Test
142(4)
Conflict and Cohesion in Groups
146(25)
Conflict in Groups
147(1)
Substantive Conflict
147(1)
Procedural Conflict
147(1)
Affective Conflict
148(1)
Constructive and Destructive Conflict
148(1)
Conflict Styles
149(5)
Avoidance
150(1)
Accommodation
151(1)
Competition
151(1)
Compromise
151(1)
Collaboration
152(1)
Choosing a Conflict Style
152(1)
Conflict in Virtual Groups
153(1)
Approaches to Conflict Management
154(5)
The 4Rs Method
154(1)
The A-E-I-O-U Model
155(1)
Negotiation
156(1)
Brainstorming and Criteria
156(1)
Mediation
157(1)
Arbitration
158(1)
Decision Making and Problem Solving
158(1)
Group Cohesion
159(3)
Enhancing Cohesion
159(1)
Groupthink
160(2)
Adapting to Differences
162(1)
Balancing Conflict and Cohesion
162(1)
Summary Study Guide
163(1)
GroupWork Win as Much as You Can
164(2)
Assessment Ross-DeWine Conflict Management Message Style Instrument
166(5)
PART III Achieving Group Goals 171(124)
Leadership in Groups
172(30)
What is Leadership?
173(1)
Chairing a Meeting
173(1)
Leadership and Power
174(2)
Reward Power
174(1)
Coercive Power
174(1)
Legitimate Power
175(1)
Expert Power
175(1)
Referent Power
175(1)
Becoming a Leader
176(4)
Designated Leaders
176(2)
Emergent Leaders
178(1)
Strategies for Becoming a Leader
178(1)
Listening and Leadership
178(2)
Leadership Theories
180(9)
Trait Theory
180(1)
Styles Theory
181(3)
Situational Theory
184(3)
Functional Theory
187(1)
Functional Theory and Participation
187(1)
Transformational Leadership Theory
188(1)
The 4-M Model of Leadership Effectiveness
189(3)
Modeling Leadership Behavior
189(1)
Motivating Members
190(1)
Managing Group Process
190(1)
Making Decisions
190(1)
Leadership in Virtual Groups
191(1)
Diversity and Leadership
192(3)
Gender and Leadership
193(1)
Cultural Diversity and Leadership
194(1)
Cultural Diversity
194(1)
Balanced Leadership
195(1)
Summary Study Guide
196(1)
GroupWork Wanted: A Few Good Leaders
197(2)
Assessment The Least-Preferred Coworker Scale
199(3)
Decision Making and Problem Solving in Groups
202(36)
Group Decision Making
203(1)
Decision Making and Problem Solving
203(1)
Costs and Benefits of Group Decision Making
204(1)
Decision-Making Methods
204(2)
Voting
205(1)
Consensus Seeking
205(1)
Authority Rule
206(1)
Understanding the Discussion Question
206(2)
Questions of Fact
207(1)
Questions of Conjecture
207(1)
Questions of Value
207(1)
Questions of Policy
208(1)
Combining All Four
208(1)
The Need for Procedures
208(2)
Problem-Solving Models
210(9)
The Standard Agenda
210(1)
Agendas and Parliamentary Procedure
211(2)
The Functional Theory Approach
213(4)
The Single Question Format
217(2)
Decision-Making Methods and Tools
219(6)
Brainstorming
219(1)
Decreasing Options Technique (DOT)
220(2)
Nominal Group Technique (NGT)
222(2)
PERT
224(1)
Creative Problem Solving
225(4)
Decision Making and Problem Solving in Virtual Groups
225(1)
The Creative Process
226(1)
Creative Methods
227(2)
Decision-Making Realities
229(2)
Politics
229(1)
Preexisting Preferences
230(1)
Power
230(1)
Power in Groups
230(1)
Balanced Decision Making
231(1)
Summary Study Guide
232(1)
GroupWork Game Building
233(1)
Assessment Decision-Making Competencies
234(4)
Argumentation in Groups
238(22)
Why Argue?
239(3)
Arguments and Argumentation
239(1)
The Value of Argumentation in Groups
240(2)
Argumentativeness
242(1)
How Argumentative Are You?
242(1)
Argumentativeness and Group Decision Making
242(1)
Learning to be Argumentative
243(1)
The Structure of an Argument
243(2)
Components of the Toulmin Model
243(1)
Applying the Toulmin Model
244(1)
Presenting Your Arguments
245(2)
State the Claim
246(1)
Support the Claim with Evidence
246(1)
Using and Evaluating Evidence
246(1)
Provide Reasons for the Claim
247(1)
Summarize Your Argument
247(1)
Refuting Arguments
247(3)
Listen to the Argument
247(1)
State the Claim You Oppose
248(1)
Overview Your Objections
248(1)
Assess the Evidence
248(1)
Assess the Reasoning
248(2)
Summarize Your Refutation
250(1)
Ethical Arguments
250(2)
Argumentation in virtual Groups
251(1)
Adapting to Argumentative Styles
252(2)
Gender Differences
252(1)
Cultural Differences
253(1)
Balanced Argumentation
254(1)
Summary Study Guide
254(2)
GroupWork Divide and Debate
256(1)
Assessment Argumentativeness Scale
257(3)
Motivation in Groups
260(35)
The Language of Motivation
261(2)
Motivation
261(1)
Assessment
262(1)
Motivation and Group Cohesion
262(1)
Rewards
263(1)
Group Motivation
263(11)
Motivating Individual Members
263(6)
Motivating the Group
269(3)
Dealing with Apathy
272(1)
Motivation in Virtual Groups
273(1)
Motivation and Assessment
274(3)
The Role of Assessment
274(1)
The Role of Constructive Feedback
275(2)
Motivation and Rewards
277(8)
The Power to Reward
278(2)
Establish Rewards Criteria
280(1)
Select Effective Rewards
280(3)
The Role of punishment
283(2)
Balancing Motivation, Assessment, and Rewards
285(1)
Summary Study Guide
286(1)
GroupWork Your Guiding Motive
287(3)
Assessment Team Motivation Inventory
290(5)
PART IV Participation Tools 295(100)
Informed Groups
296(23)
Becoming a Well-Informed Group
297(3)
Assess Present Knowledge
297(1)
Brainstorming
298(1)
Identify Areas Needing Research
298(1)
Assign Research Responsibilities
298(1)
Determine How to Share Information
299(1)
Set Research Deadlines
300(1)
Note Your Sources
300(1)
Primary and Secondary Sources
300(1)
Sources of Information
301(6)
Personal Knowledge and Direct Observation
302(1)
Interviews
302(1)
Focus Groups
303(1)
Published Materials
304(2)
Databases and the Web
306(1)
Types of Information
307(3)
Facts
307(1)
Testimony
308(1)
Statistics
308(1)
Definitions
309(1)
Descriptions
309(1)
Examples
310(1)
Informed Virtual Groups
310(1)
Evaluating Information
310(2)
Source Qualifications
311(1)
Recency
311(1)
Consistency
311(1)
Statistical Validity
312(1)
Quantity
312(1)
Using Information Effectively
312(1)
Balancing Information Quality and Quantity
313(1)
Summary Study Guide
314(1)
GroupWork Research Scavenger Hunt
315(2)
Assessment Information Checklist
317(2)
Technology and Virtual Groups
319(30)
Technology and Group Communication
320(3)
The Age of Virtual Groups
320(1)
Tools, Not Toys
321(1)
Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication
322(1)
Group Communication Media
323(9)
Audioconferences
323(2)
Videoconferences
325(1)
Conducting Meetings
326(3)
Text-Based Computer Conferences
329(2)
Multiple-Media Methods
331(1)
Groupware
332(8)
Email
333(2)
Bulletin Boards
335(1)
Electronic Chat
336(2)
Electronic Meeting Systems
338(2)
Collaborative Presentation Technology
340(2)
Presentation Technology
341(1)
Balancing Technology in Groups
342(1)
Summary Study Guide
343(1)
GroupWork Computer and Teleconference Simulation
344(2)
Assessment Virtual Meeting Evaluation
346(3)
Planning and Conducting Meetings
349(22)
Meetings, Meetings, Meetings
350(1)
Parliamentary Procedure
351(1)
Planning the Meeting
351(3)
Why Are We Meeting?
351(1)
Who Should Attend the Meeting?
352(1)
When Should We Meet?
352(1)
Where Should We Meet?
353(1)
What Materials Do We Need?
353(1)
Preparing the Agenda
354(3)
Elements of an Agenda
354(1)
Determining the Order of Items
355(1)
Double-Checking the Agenda
356(1)
The Chairperson's Responsibilities
357(1)
Dealing with Difficulties
358(3)
Nonparticipant
358(1)
Virtual Group Meetings
359(1)
Loudmouth
360(1)
Interrupter
360(1)
Whisperer
360(1)
Latecomers and Early Leavers
360(1)
Adapting to Differences
361(1)
Preparing the Minutes
362(3)
Select a Recorder
363(1)
Determine What Information to Include
363(1)
Taking Minutes
364(1)
Evaluating the Meeting
365(1)
Balanced Meetings
365(1)
Summary Study Guide
366(1)
GroupWork Meet the People Problems
367(2)
Assessment Post-Meeting Reaction (PMR) Form
369(2)
Making Presentations in Groups
371(24)
Presentations in Groups
372(1)
Fear of Speaking
372(1)
Oral Presentation Guidelines
373(10)
Purpose
373(1)
Audience
374(1)
Logistics
375(1)
Information as Supporting Material
376(1)
Content
376(1)
Organization
376(2)
Credibility
378(1)
Influencing Group Members
378(2)
Performance
380(1)
Presentations in Virtual Groups
381(2)
Technology and Presentation Aids
383(3)
Restraint
384(1)
Type
384(1)
Templates and Graphics
385(1)
Multimedia
385(1)
Ethical Considerations
386(1)
Group Presentations
386(2)
Public Group Presentations
386(1)
Team Presentations
387(1)
Questions and Answers
388(1)
Balanced Oral Presentations
389(1)
Summary Study Guide
390(1)
GroupWork A Practice Speech
391(2)
Assessment Oral Presentation Rating Scale
393(2)
Appendix Parliamentary Procedure 395(18)
The Rules of the Game
396(1)
What is Parliamentary Procedure?
396(1)
Toolbox A.1 Effective Meetings
396(1)
Who Uses Parliamentary Procedure?
397(1)
When to Use Parliamentary Procedure
397(1)
Parliamentary Procedure's Principles and Players
397(3)
Principles of parliamentary Procedure
397(2)
Parliamentary Players
399(1)
Basic Rules of Order
400(7)
Making a Main Motion
402(2)
Other Types of Motions
404(2)
Requesting Privileges
406(1)
Informal Rules
407(1)
Balanced Procedures
408(1)
Summary Study Guide
409(1)
GroupWork The Mascot Debate
410(1)
Assessment Parliamentary Procedure Assessment Instrument
411(2)
Glossary 413(12)
Index 425

Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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