World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Volume I - Beginnings to 1750 (Chapters 1-22)

by Stearns, Peter N.; Adas, Michael; Schwartz, Stuart; Gilbert, Marc Jason

• ISBN13: 9780321182807
• ISBN10: 0321182804
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Examines all the world's civilizations, including those in the Western tradition but also those civilizations sometimes neglected in world history texts. Maintaining a focus on social history explores gender, class, economic, and intellectual issues, while examining patterns of inequality and human agency throughout world history. Instructors of World Civilization surveys that prefer a global account of history.

Table of Contents

List of Maps	xi
Preface	xiii
Supplements	xx
About the Authors	xxiii
Prologue	xxv
PART I The Origins of Civilizations	2	(68)
Chapter 1 The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization	6	(20)
Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers	7	(5)
DOCUMENT: Tales of the Hunt: Paleolithic Cave Paintings as History	12	(2)
Agriculture and the Origins of Civilization: The Neolithic Revolution	14	(4)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Representations of Women in Early Art	18	(2)
IN DEPTH: The Idea of Civilization in World Historical Perspective	20	(1)
The First Towns: Seedbeds of Civilization	21	(3)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The Neolithic Revolution as the Basis for World History	24	(1)
Further Readings	25	(1)
On the Web	25	(1)
Chapter 2 The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa	26	(22)
Setting the Scene: The Middle East by 4000 B.C.E.	27	(1)
Civilization in Mesopotamia	28	(5)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Mesopotamia in Maps	33	(2)
DOCUMENT: Hammurabi's Law Code	35	(1)
Ancient Egypt	36	(3)
Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared	39	(1)
IN DEPTH: Women in Patriarchal Societies	40	(2)
Civilization Centers in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean	42	(4)
The Issue of Heritage	46	(1)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The Early Civilizations and the World	46	(1)
Further Readings	46	(1)
On the Web	47	(1)
Chapter 3 Asia's First Civilizations: India and China	48	(22)
The Indus Valley and the Birth of South Asian Civilization	49	(5)
Aryan Incursions and Early Aryan Society in India	54	(2)
DOCUMENT: Aryan Poetry in Praise of a War-Horse	56	(2)
A Bend in the River and the Beginnings of China	58	(3)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Mapping the Rise of Civilizations	61	(2)
The Decline of the Shang and the Era of Zhou Dominance	63	(3)
IN DEPTH: The Legacy of Asia's First Civilizations	66	(2)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Contrasting Legacies: Harappan and Early Chinese Civilizations	68	(1)
Further Readings	68	(1)
On the Web	69	(1)
PART II The Classical Period in World History	70	(174)
Chapter 4 Unification and the Consolidation of Civilization in China	76	(24)
Philosophical Remedies for the Prolonged Crisis of the Later Zhou	77	(5)
DOCUMENT: Teachings of the Rival Chinese Schools	82	(1)
The Triumph of the Qin and Imperial Unity	82	(4)
IN DEPTH: Sunzi and the Shift from Ritual Combat to "Real" War	86	(1)
The Han Dynasty and the Foundations of China's Classical Age	87	(8)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Capital Designs and Patterns of Political Power	95	(2)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Classical China and the World	97	(1)
Further Readings	98	(1)
On the Web	98	(2)
Chapter 5 Classical Greece and the Hellenistic World	100	(24)
The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East	102	(1)
The Political Character of Classical Greece	103	(7)
The Hellenistic Period	110	(2)
Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture	112	(3)
DOCUMENT: The Power of Greek Drama	115	(2)
Patterns of Greek and Hellenistic Society	117	(2)
IN DEPTH: Defining Social History	119	(2)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Commerce and Society	121	(1)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Greece and the World	122	(1)
Further Readings	123	(1)
On the Web	123	(1)
Chapter 6 Religious Rivalries and India's Golden Age	124	(24)
The Age of Brahman Dominance	126	(5)
IN DEPTH: Inequality as the Social Norm	131	(2)
Religious Ferment and the Rise of Buddhism	133	(5)
Brahmanical Recovery and the Splendors of the Gupta Age	138	(1)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Pattern of Trade in the Ancient Eurasian World	139	(5)
DOCUMENT: A Guardian's Farewell Speech to a Young Woman About to Be Married	144	(2)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: India and the Wider World	146	(1)
Further Readings	146	(1)
On the Web	147	(1)
Chapter 7 Rome and Its Empire	148	(20)
The Development of Rome's Republic	150	(4)
Roman Culture	154	(1)
DOCUMENT: Rome and a Values Crisis	155	(2)
The Institutions of Empire	157	(2)
The Evolution of Rome's Economic and Social Structure	159	(1)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Religions in Rome	160	(2)
IN DEPTH: The Classical Civilizations in Comparative Perspective	162	(1)
The Origins of Christianity	163	(2)
The Decline of Rome	165	(1)
GLOBAL CONNECIIONS: Rome and the World	166	(1)
Further Readings	166	(1)
On the Web	167	(1)
Chapter 8 The Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas	168	(26)
Origins of American Societies	170	(5)
Spread of Civilization in Mesoamerica	175	(4)
DOCUMENT: Deciphering the Maya Glyphs	179	(3)
The Peoples to the North	182	(2)
IN DEPTH: Different Times for Different Peoples	184	(2)
The Andean World	186	(2)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Ancient Agriculture	188	(3)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: American Civilizations and the World	191	(1)
Further Readings	192	(1)
On the Web	192	(2)
Chapter 9 The Spread of Civilizations and the Movement of Peoples	194	(32)
The Spread of Civilization in Africa	197	(3)
DOCUMENT: Myths of Origin	200	(7)
IN DEPTH: Language as a Historical Source	207	(1)
Nomadic Societies and Indo-European Migrations	208	(2)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Varieties of Human Adaptation and the Potential for Civilization	210	(4)
The Spread of Chinese Civilization to Japan	214	(5)
The Scattered Societies of Polynesia	219	(5)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The Emerging Cultures	224	(1)
Further Readings	224	(1)
On the Web	225	(1)
Chapter10 The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.	226	(18)
Upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia	228	(2)
DOCUMENT: The Popularization of Buddhism	230	(2)
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire	232	(5)
IN DEPTH: The Problem of Decline and Fall	237	(1)
The Development and Spread of World Religions	237	(5)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Religious Geography	242	(1)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The Late Classical Period and the World	243	(1)
Further Readings	243	(1)
On the Web	243	(1)
PART III The Postclassical Era	244	(238)
Chapter 11 The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam	252	(26)
Desert and Town: The Arabian World and the Birth of Islam	254	(5)
The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam	259	(3)
The Arab Empire of the Umayyads	262	(6)
IN DEPTH: Civilization and Gender Relationships	268	(2)
From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era	270	(3)
DOCUMENT: The Thousand and One Nights as a Mirror of Elite Society in the Abbasid Era	273	(1)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Early Islam and the World	274	(1)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Mosque as a Symbol of Islamic Civilization	275	(2)
Further Readings	277	(1)
On the Web	277	(1)
Chapter 12 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia	278	(24)
The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras	279	(5)
DOCUMENT: Ibn Khaldun on the Rise and Decline of Empires	284	(1)
An Age of Learning and Artistic Refinements	285	(4)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Patterns of Islam's Global Expansion	289	(1)
The Coming of Islam to South Asia	290	(7)
The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia	297	(1)
IN DEPTH: Conversion and Accommodation in the Spread of World Religions	298	(2)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Islam:
A Bridge Between Worlds	300	(1)
Further Readings	300	(1)
On the Web	301	(1)
Chapter 13 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam	302	(22)
African Societies: Diversity and Similarities	30	(278)
Kingdoms of the Grasslands	308	(2)
DOCUMENT: The Great Oral Tradition and the Epic of Sundiata	310	(4)
The Swahili Coast of East Africa	314	(2)
IN DEPTH: Two Transitions in the History of World Population	316	(1)
Peoples of the Forest and Plains	317	(4)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Internal Development and Global Contacts	321	(1)
Further Readings	322	(1)
On the Web	323	(1)
Chapter 14 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe	324	(20)
The Byzantine Empire	327	(3)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Women and Power in Byzantium	330	(5)
The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe	335	(4)
DOCUMENT: Russia Turns to Christianity	339	(2)
IN DEPTH: Eastern and Western Europe: The Problem of Boundaries	341	(1)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Eastern Europe and the World	342	(1)
Further Readings	342	(1)
On the Web	342	(2)
Chapter 15 A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe	344	(26)
Stages of Postclassical Development	346	(9)
IN DEPTH: Western Civilization	355	(1)
Western Culture in the Postclassical Era	356	(3)
Changing Economic and Social Forms
in the Postclassical Centuries	359	(1)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Peasant Labor	360	(3)
DOCUMENT: Changing Roles for Women	363	(1)
The Decline of the Medieval Synthesis	364	(4)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Medieval Europe and the World	368	(1)
Further Readings	368	(1)
On the Web	368	(2)
Chapter 16 The Americas on the Eve of Invasion	370	(24)
Postclassic Mesoamerica, 1000-1500 G.E.	372	(6)
Aztec Society in Transition	378	(2)
DOCUMENT: Aztec Women and Men	380	(2)
IN DEPTH: The "Troubling" Civilizations of the Americas	382	(1)
Twantinsuyu: World of the Incas	383	(2)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Archeological Evidence of Political Practice	385	(4)
The Other Indians	389	(3)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The Americas and the World	392	(1)
Further Readings	392	(1)
On the Web	393	(1)
Chapter 17 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization. The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties	394	(24)
Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the Sui-Tang Eras	396	(4)
DOCUMENT: Ties That Bind: Paths to Power	400	(3)
Tang Decline and the Rise of the Song	403	(4)
Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age	407	(6)
IN DEPTH: Artistic Expression and Social Values	413	(3)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: China's World Role	416	(1)
Further Readings	416	(1)
On the Web	417	(1)
Chapter 18 The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam	418	(26)
Japan: The Imperial Age	419	(6)
The Era of Warrior Dominance	425	(2)
IN DEPTH: Comparing Feudalisms	427	(4)
Korea: Between China and Japan	431	(3)
Between China and Southeast Asia: The Making of Vietnam	434	(2)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: What Their Portraits Tell Us: Gatekeeper Elites and the Persistence of Civilizations	436	(4)
DOCUMENT: Literature as a Mirror of the Exchanges Between Civilized Centers	440	(1)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: In the Orbit of China: The East Asian Corner of the Global System	441	(1)
Further Readings	442	(1)
On the Web	442	(2)
Chapter 19 The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur	444	(22)
The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan 4 DOCUMENT: A European Assessment of the Virtue and Vices of the Mongols	449	(3)
The Mongol Drive to the West	452	(1)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Mongol Empire as a Bridge Between Civilizations	453	(9)
The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History 457
IN DEPTH: The Eclipse of the Nomadic War Machine	462	(2)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The Mongol Linkages	464	(1)
Further Readings	465	(1)
On the Web	465	(1)
Chapter 20 The West and the Changing World Balance	466	(16)
The Decline of the Old Order	467	(3)
The Rise of the West	470	(1)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Population Trends	471	(3)
DOCUMENT: Italian Renaissance Culture	474	(1)
Western Expansion: The Experimental Phase	475	(1)
Outside the World Network	476	(2)
IN DEPTH: The Problem of Ethnocentrism	478	(2)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: 1450 and the World	480	(1)
Further Readings	480	(1)
On the Web	480	(2)
PART IV The World Shrinks,1450-1750	482
Chapter 21 The World Economy	490	(22)
The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power	492	(5)
IN DEPTH: Causation and the West's Expansion	497	(1)
Toward a World Economy	498	(2)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: West Indian Slaveholding	500	(2)
Colonial Expansion	502	(3)
DOCUMENT: Western Conquerors: Tactics and Motives	505	(5)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: The World Economy-And the World	510	(1)
Further Readings	510	(1)
On the Web	511	(1)
Chapter 22. The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750	512
The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce	514	(6)
Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change	520	(3)
VISUALIZING THE PAST: Versailles	523	(2)
IN DEPTH: Elites and Masses	525	(1)
The West by 1750	526	(2)
DOCUMENT: Controversies About Women	528	(3)
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: Europe and the World	531	(1)
Further Readings	532	(1)
On the Web	532
Glossary	G-1
Credits	C-2
Index	I-2