World History, Volume I

by Duiker,William J.

Edition:

4th

ISBN13:

9780534603649

ISBN10:

0534603645

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

6/20/2003

Publisher(s):

Cengage Learning

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Summary

This is Volume I: To 1800 of WORLD HISTORY, Fourth Edition. Noted teachers and scholars William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel present a balanced picture of world history, with all respect for the richness and diversity of the tapestry of the human experience. Critically and popularly acclaimed, their comprehensive text balances a global approach with attention to the unique character and development of civilization in divergent parts of the world. The text covers individual civilizations such as China, India, and Europe, with due attention paid to the rise of the West, and provides points of comparison between and among these civilizations. A wealth of primary-source documents, maps, and supplements enhance students' experience with the material. WORLD HISTORY is available in the following volume splits: WORLD HISTORY, Fourth Edition (Chapters 1-29) ISBN: 0534603637; WORLD HISTORY, Volume I: To 1800, Fourth Edition (Contains Chapters 1-17) ISBN: 0534603645; WORLD HISTORY, Volume II: Since 1400, Fourth Edition (Contains Chapters 13-29) ISBN: 0534603653; WORLD HISTORY, To 1400, Fourth Edition (Contains Chapters 1-12) ISBN: 0534603661.

CHRONOLOGIES

xxi

MAPS

xxii

PREFACE

xxiv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xxviii

A NOTE TO STUDENTS ABOUT LANGUAGES AND THE DATING OF TIME

xxx

THEMES FOR UNDERSTANDING WORLD HISTORY

xxii

THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS AND THE RISE OF EMPIRES (PREHISTORY TO 500 C.E.)

Chapter 1 First Civilizations: The Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt

(34)

The First Humans

(4)

The Hunter-Gatherers of the Paleolithic Age

(2)

The Neolithic Revolution, c. 10,000-4,000 B.C.E.

(2)

The Emergence of Civilization

(2)

Civilization in Mesopotamia

(6)

The City-States of Ancient Mesopotamia

(2)

Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia

(1)

The Culture of Mesopotamia

(3)

Egyptian Civilization: "The Gift of the Nile"

(7)

The Importance of Geography

(1)

The Old and Middle Kingdoms

(2)

Society and Economy in Ancient Egypt

(1)

The Culture of Egypt

(2)

Chaos and a New Order: The New Kingdom

(1)

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Family and Marriage

(1)

New Centers of Civilization

(6)

The Impact of the Indo-Europeans

(1)

The Phoenicians

(1)

The Hebrews: The "Children of Israel"

(4)

The Rise of New Empires

(5)

The Assyrian Empire

(3)

The Persian Empire

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Chapter Notes

(1)

Suggested Reading

(2)

Chapter 2 Ancient India

(24)

Background to the Emergence of Civilization in India

(1)

Harappan Civilizations: A Fascinating Enigma

(2)

Political and Social Structures

(1)

Harappan Culture

(1)

A Lost Civilization?

(1)

The Arrival of the Aryans

(7)

The Early Aryans

(1)

The Mauryan Empire

(1)

Caste and Class: Social Structures in Ancient India

(3)

The Economy

(2)

Escaping the Wheel of Life: The Religious World of Ancient India

(5)

Hinduism

(2)

Buddhism: The Middle Path

(3)

The Rule of the Fishes: India After the Mauryas

(1)

The Exuberant World of Indian Culture

(4)

Literature

(1)

Architecture and Sculpture

(2)

Science

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Chapter Notes

(1)

Suggested Reading

(1)

Chapter 3 China in Antiquity

(30)

The Land and People of China

(2)

The Dawn of Chinese Civilization: The Shang Dynasty

(2)

Political Organization

(1)

Social Structures

(1)

The Zhou Dynasty

(7)

Political Structures

(1)

Economy and Society

(1)

The Hundred Schools of Ancient Philosophy

(5)

The Rise of the Chinese Empire: The Qin and the Han

(8)

The Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E.)

(3)

The Glorious Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.-221 C.E.)

(4)

Daily Life in Ancient China

(3)

The Humble Estate: Women in Ancient China

(1)

Chinese Culture

(4)

Metalwork and Sculpture

(2)

Language and Literature

(1)

Music

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Chapter Notes

(1)

Suggested Reading

(2)

Chapter 4 The Civilization of the Greeks

(30)

Early Greece

(3)

Minoan Crete

(1)

The Mycenaeans

(1)

The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100-c. 750 B.C.E.)

(2)

Homer

(2)

The Greek City-States (c. 750-c. 500 B.C.E.)

(3)

The Polis

(1)

Colonization and The Rise of Tyrants

(1)

Sparta

(2)

Athens

(1)

The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece

(10)

The Challenge of Persia

100

(1)

The Growth of an Athenian Empire in the Age of Pericles

101

(1)

The Great Peloponnesian War and the Decline of the Greek States

102

(1)

The Culture of Classical Greece

102

(5)

Greek Religion

107

(1)

Daily Life in Classical Athens

107

(2)

The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander

109

(3)

Alexander the Great

109

(1)

The Legacy of Alexander

110

(2)

The Hellenistic Kingdoms

112

(2)

Economic and Social Trends

112

(2)

Culture in the Hellenistic World

114

(3)

New Directions in Literature and Art

115

(1)

A Golden Age of Science

115

(1)

Philosophy: New Schools of Thought

116

(1)

Religion in the Hellenistic World

117

(1)

Conclusion

117

(1)

Chapter Notes

118

(1)

Suggested Reading

118

(2)

Chapter 5 The World of the Romans

120

(30)

The Emergence of Rome

121

(1)

Early Rome

122

(1)

The Roman Republic

122

(2)

The Roman Conquest of Italy

122

(2)

The Roman State

124

(1)

The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264-133 B.C.E.)

124

(3)

The Punic Wars

125

(1)

The Eastern Mediterranean

126

(1)

The Nature of Rornav Imperialism

127

(1)

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133-31 B.C.E.)

127

(3)

Growing Inequality and Unrest

127

(1)

A New Role for the Roman Army

128

(1)

The Collapse of the Republic

128

(2)

The Age of Augustus (31 B.C.E.-14 CE.)

130

(1)

Augustarv Society

131

(1)

The Early Empire (14-180)

131

(3)

The Five Good Emperors (96-180)

132

(1)

The Roman Empire at Its Height: Frontiers and the Provinces

132

(1)

Prosperity in the Early Empire

133

(1)

Culture and Society in the Roman World

134

(8)

Roman Literature

134

(2)

Roman Art

136

(1)

Roman Law

137

(1)

The Roman Family

137

(1)

Slaves and Their Masters

138

(1)

Imperial Rome

139

(2)

The Gladiatorial Shows

141

(1)

Transformation of the Roman World: The Development of Christianity

142

(3)

The Religious World of the Romans

142

(1)

The Jewish background

142

(1)

The Rise of Christianity

142

(2)

The Triumph of Christianity

144

(1)

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

145

(1)

The Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine

145

(1)

The Fall of the Western Roman Empire

146

(1)

Comparison of the Roman and Han Empires

146

(2)

Conclusion

148

(1)

Chapter Notes

148

(1)

Suggested Reading

149

(1)

Reflection: The First Civilizations and the Rise of Empires

150

(4)

Part II NEW PATTERNS OF CIVILIZATION

154

(196)

Chapter 6 The New World

156

(26)

The First Americans

157

(1)

Early Civilizations in Central America

158

(13)

Teotihuacán: America's First Metropolis

158

(1)

The Mysterious Maya

159

(5)

The Aztecs

164

(7)

The First Civilizations in South America

171

(8)

Moche

171

(2)

The Inca

173

(3)

Stateless Societies in the New World

176

(3)

Conclusion

179

(1)

Chapter Note

180

(1)

Suggested Reading

180

(2)

Chapter 7 Islam and Byzantium

182

(28)

The Rise of Islam

183

(4)

The Role of Muhammad

184

(1)

The Teachings of Muhammad

184

(3)

The Arab Empire and Its Successors

187

(7)

Creation of an Empire

187

(1)

Succession Problems and the Rise of the Ummayads

188

(1)

The Abbasids

189

(2)

The Seljuk Turks

191

(1)

The Crusades

192

(1)

The Mongols

193

(1)

Islamic Civilization

194

(7)

The Wealth of Araby: Trade and Cities in the Middle Fast

194

(1)

Islamic Society

195

(1)

The Culture of Islam

195

(6)

The Byzantine Empire

201

(7)

The Reign of Justinian (527-565)

201

(3)

From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire

204

(1)

The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization

205

(2)

New Challenges to the Byzantine Empire

207

(1)

Impact of the Crusades

207

(1)

Conclusion

208

(1)

Chapter Notes

208

(1)

Suggested Reading

209

(1)

Chapter 8 Early Civilizations in Africa

210

(26)

The Land

211

(1)

The Emergence of Civilization

211

(7)

Kush

212

(1)

Axum, Son of Saba

213

(2)

The Sahara and Its Environs

215

(1)

East Africa

216

(1)

Southern Africa

217

(1)

The Coming of Islam

218

(7)

African Religious Beliefs Before Islam

218

(1)

The Arabs in North Africa

218

(1)

The Kingdom of Ethiopia: A Christian Island in a Muslim Sea

219

(2)

East Africa: The Land of Zanj

221

(1)

The States of West Africa

222

(3)

States and Stateless Societies in Southern Africa

225

(2)

Zimbabwe

226

(1)

African Society

227

(2)

Urban Life

227

(1)

Village Life

227

(1)

The Role of Women

227

(1)

Slavery

228

(1)

African Culture

229

(3)

Painting and Sculpture

229

(1)

Music

230

(1)

Architecture

230

(1)

Literature

231

(1)

Conclusion

232

(1)

Chapter Notes

233

(1)

Suggested Reading

233

(3)

Chapter 9 The Expansion of Civilization in Southern Asia

236

(26)

India from the Mauryas to the Mughals

237

(15)

The Kushan Kingdom: Linchpin of the Silk Road

237

(1)

The Gupta Dynasty

238

(1)

Buddhism at Bay

239

(3)

Islam on the March

242

(6)

Economy and Daily Life

248

(2)

The Wonder of Indian Culture

250

(2)

The Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia

252

(7)

Paddy Fields and Spices: The States of Southeast Asia

253

(3)

Daily Life

256

(1)

World of the Spirits: Religious Belief

257

(2)

Conclusion

259

(1)

Chapter Notes

260

(1)

Suggested Reading

261

(1)

Chapter 10 From the Tang to the Mongols: The Flowering of Traditional China

262

(28)

China After the Han

263

(2)

China Reunified: The Sui, the Tang, and the Song

265

(10)

Political Structures: The Triumph of Confucianism

268

(1)

Economy and Society

269

(6)

Explosion in Central Asia: The Mongol Empire

275

(3)

Mongol Rule in China

276

(2)

In Search of the Way

278

(4)

The Rise and Decline of Buddhism and Daoism

278

(3)

Neo-Confucianism: The Investigation of Things

281

(1)

The Apogee of Chinese Culture

282

(5)

Literature

282

(3)

Art

285

(2)

Conclusion

287

(1)

Chapter Notes

288

(1)

Suggested Reading

288

(2)

Chapter 11 The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

290

(24)

Japan: Land of the Rising Sun

291

(15)

A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan

292

(1)

The Rise of the Japanese State

293

(4)

Economic and Social Structures

297

(4)

In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan

301

(1)

Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture

301

(4)

Japan and the Chinese Model

305

(1)

Korea: Bridge to the East

306

(2)

The Three Kingdoms

306

(1)

Unification

307

(1)

Under the Mongols

308

(1)

Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon

308

(4)

The Rise of Great Viet

309

(2)

Society and Family Life

311

(1)

Conclusion

312

(1)

Chapter Notes

312

(1)

Suggested Reading

313

(1)

Chapter 12 The Making of Europe in the Middle Ages

314

(32)

Transformation of the Roman World

315

(5)

The New Germanic Kingdoms

315

(1)

The Role of the Christian Church

316

(2)

Charlemagne and the Carolingians

318

(2)

The World of Lords and Vassals

320

(3)

Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries

320

(1)

The Development of Fief -Holding

320

(2)

The Practice of Fief -Holding

322

(1)

The Nobility of the Middle Ages

322

(1)

Evolution of the European Kingdoms

323

(4)

England in the High Middle Ages

323

(1)

Growth of the French Kingdom

324

(1)

The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire

325

(1)

The Slavic Peoples of Central and Eastern Europe

325

(2)

The World of Peasants and Townspeople

327

(4)

The New Agriculture

328

(1)

The Manorial System

328

(1)

Daily Life of the Peasantry

329

(1)

The Revival of Trade

329

(1)

The Growth of Cities

330

(1)

Christianity and Medieval Civilization

331

(3)

The Papal Monarchy

332

(1)

New Religious Orders and New Spiritual Ideals

332

(2)

The Culture of the High Middle Ages

334

(2)

The Rise of Universities

334

(1)

The Development of Scholasticism

334

(1)

Romanesque Architecture

335

(1)

The Gothic Cathedral

336

(1)

The Expansion of Medieval Europe: The Crusades

336

(2)

The First Crusades

336

(2)

The Later Crusades

338

(1)

The Late Middle Ages: A Time of Troubles in Europe

338

(5)

The Black Death

338

(2)

Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval

340

(1)

Political Instability

340

(2)

The Decline of the Church

342

(1)

Conclusion

343

(1)

Chapter Notes

344

(1)

Suggested Reading

345

(1)

Reflection: New Patterns of Civilization

346

(4)

Part III THE EMERGENCE OF NEW WORLD PATTERNS (1400-1800)

350

(159)

Chapter 13 Renewal, Reform, and State Building in Europe

352

(33)

The Renaissance

353

(8)

Renaissance Society

353

(1)

The Intellectual Renaissance

354

(2)

The Artistic Renaissance

356

(2)

The State in the Renaissance

358

(3)

The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century

361

(4)

Prelude to Reformation

361

(1)

Church and Religion on the Eve of the Reformation

362

(1)

Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany

362

(2)

Politics and Religion in the German Reformation

364

(1)

The Spread of the Protestant Reformation

364

(1)

The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation

365

(1)

The Catholic Reformation

365

(3)

Europe in Crisis: War, Revolution, and Social Disintegration, 1560-1650

368

(3)

Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century

368

(1)

Economic and Social Crises: Witchcraft Mania

369

(2)

Seventeenth-Century Crises: Revolution and War

371

(1)

Response to Crisis: The Practice of Absolutism

371

(4)

France Under Louis XIV

371

(2)

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe

373

(2)

England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy

375

(2)

Revolution and Civil War

375

(1)

Restoration and a Glorious Revolution

375

(2)

European Culture

377

(6)

Art: The Barowe

377

(1)

A Golden Age of Literature in England

377

(1)

The Scientific Revolution

378

(5)

Conclusion

383

(1)

Chapter Notes

383

(1)

Suggested Reading

384

(1)

Chapter 14 New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market

385

(29)

An Age of Exploration And Expansion

387

(13)

Islam and the Spice Trade

387

(1)

A New Player: Europe

387

(4)

The Portuguese Maritime Empire

391

(2)

Voyages to the New World"

393

(1)

Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World

394

(2)

The Impact of European Expansion

396

(1)

New Rivals

397

(3)

Africa in Transition

400

(6)

The Slave Trade

401

(4)

Political and Social Structures in a Changing Continent

405

(1)

Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade

406

(5)

The Arrival of the West

406

(1)

State and Society in Precolonial Southeast Asia

407

(4)

Conclusion

411

(1)

Chapter Notes

412

(1)

Suggested Reading

413

(1)

Chapter 15 The Muslim Empires

414

(28)

The Ottoman Empire

415

(9)

Expansion of the Empire

416

(4)

The Nature of Turkish Rule

420

(1)

Religion and Society in the Ottoman World

421

(1)

The Ottomans in Decline

422

(1)

Ottoman Art

422

(2)

The Safavids

424

(4)

Safavid Politics and Society

426

(1)

Safavid Art and Literature

427

(1)

The Grandeur of the Mughals

428

(11)

The Mughal Dynasty: A "Gunpowder Empire"?

428

(1)

Akbar and Indo-Muslim Civilization

429

(2)

Twilight of the Mughals

431

(1)

The Impact of Western Power in India

432

(3)

Society and Culture Under the Mughals

435

(4)

Conclusion

439

(1)

Chapter Notes

440

(1)

Suggested Reading

441

(1)

Chapter 16 The East Asian World

442

(28)

China at Its Apex

443

(13)

From the Ming to the Qing

443

(3)

The Greatness of the Qing

446

(5)

Changing China

451

(1)

Daily Life in Qing China

452

(1)

Cultural Developments

453

(3)

Tokugawa Japan

456

(10)

The Three Great Unifiers

456

(1)

Opening to the West

457

(3)

The Tokugawa "Great Peace"

460

(3)

Life in the Village

463

(1)

Tokugawa Culture

464

(2)

Korea: The Hermit Kingdom

466

(1)

Conclusion

467

(1)

Chapter Notes

468

(1)

Suggested Reading

468

(2)

Chapter 17 The West on the Eve of a New World Order

470

(34)

The Enlightenment

471

(7)

The Path to Enlightenment

471

(1)

The Philosophes and Their Ideas

472

(4)

Culture in an Enlightened Age

476

(2)

Economic Changes and the Social Order

478

(3)

New Economic Patterns

480

(1)

European Society in the Eighteenth Century

481

(1)

Changing Patterns of War: Global Confrontation

481

(1)

The Seven Years' War: A Global War

481

(1)

Colonial Empires and Revolution in the Western Hemisphere

482

(4)

The Society of Latin America

483

(2)

British North America

485

(1)

Toward a New Political Order: Enlightened Absolutism

486

(2)

Prussia: The Army and the Bureaucracy

487

(1)

The Austrian Empire of the Habsburgs

487

(1)

Russia Under Catherine the Great

488

(1)

The French Revolution

488

(9)

Background to the French Revolution

488

(2)

From Estates-General to National Assembly

490

(1)

Destruction of the Old Regime

491

(3)

Radical Revolution

494

(2)

Reaction and the Directory

496

(1)

The Age of Napoleon

497

(4)

Domestic Policies

497

(2)

Napoleon s Empire and the European Response

499

(2)

Conclusion

501

(1)

Chapter Notes

502

(1)

Suggested Reading

502

(2)

Reflection: The Emergence of New World Patterns (1400-1800)

504

(5)

Glossary

509

(11)

Pronunciation Guide

520

(5)

Map Credits

525

(1)

Index

526

World History, Volume I

9780534603649

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Table of Contents