World in the Twentieth Century : From Empires to Nations

by Brower, Daniel R.

• ISBN13: 9780131930421
• ISBN10: 0131930427
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-01
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Extending from the late nineteenth century, when new Western Empires and old Asian Empires dominated vast areas of the world and ruled most of its peoples, into the early twenty-first century, when the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War appeared to herald a new era of peaceful relations among the world's nation-states, Daniel R. Brower's, The World in the Twentieth Century: From Empires to Nations, examines the cycle of creation and destruction integral to the rise and fall of modern empires and new nation-states. In the Sixth Edition, two new chapters and additional material introduced throughout the text combine to bring a new clarity to the story of global relations, violence, and the quest for national identity. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Maps	xi
Preface	xiii
PART 1 THE AGE OF EMPIRES	1	(183)
Chapter 1 Empires in Flux: The World in the Early Twentieth Century	1	(33)
WESTERN COLONIAL EMPIRES	2	(16)
Western Empires and Industrialism	3	(2)
The New Colonial Empires	5	(5)
Russia, Japan, and War for Empire	10	(2)
An Empire for the United States	12	(6)
ANCIENT EMPIRES	18	(7)
The Fall of the Chinese Empire	19	(4)
The Decline of the Ottoman Empire	23	(2)
WESTERN LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM	25	(7)
The Liberal State	25	(2)
Industrial Society	27	(3)
European Nationalism	30	(2)
SUMMARY	32	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	33	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	33	(1)
Chapter 2 War and Revolutions, 1914-1930	34	(32)
WAR AND PEACH IN EUROPE	35	(14)
The Origins of the First World War	35	(3)
The European War	38	(5)
Allied Victory	43	(6)
THE BIRTH OF FASCISM	49	(3)
Mussolini and Italian Fascism	49	(2)
The Fascist State	51	(1)
COMMUNIST DICTATORSHIP IN THE SOVIET UNION	52	(8)
Lenin and the Communist Revolution	52	(1)
The Communist State and Civil War	53	(2)
The Soviet Union and Its Peoples	55	(1)
The Challenge of Building Socialism	56	(4)
REVOLUTION IN MEXICO	60	(4)
The "Revolucion"	61	(1)
Mexico's Social Revolution	61	(3)
SUMMARY	64	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	64	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	64	(2)
Chapter 3 Postwar Europe and its Empires	66	(30)
EUROPE'S POSTWAR REVIVAL	67	(16)
Peacemaking and the League of Nations	68	(3)
Peacemaking in Europe	71	(2)
The International Economy in Prosperity	73	(6)
The Global Depression	79	(2)
The Decline of Western Democracies	81	(2)
WESTERN EMPIRES IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA	83	(9)
The Allies in the Middle East	86	(2)
The Problem of Palestine	88	(1)
Independence for Egypt	89	(1)
Postwar Colonial Empires in Africa	90	(2)
NEW EMPIRES IN EAST ASIA	92	(2)
The New Japanese Empire	92	(1)
The Washington Conference	93	(1)
SUMMARY	94	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	95	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	95	(1)
Chapter 4 Nations Versus Empires in Asia: Turkey, India, China, 1918-1941	96	(30)
THE FORGING OF THE TURKISH NATION	97	(5)
The Fall of the Ottoman Empire	98	(2)
The Nation-State of Turkey	100	(2)
BRITISH INDIA AND INDIAN NATIONALISM	102	(14)
Hinduism and Islam in India	102	(1)
British India	103	(2)
India's First Steps toward Freedom	105
Nehru and Indian Independence	100	(11)
The Muslim League and the Idea of Pakistan	111	(5)
CIVIL WAR AND FOREIGN WAR IN CHINA	116	(7)
The Rise of the Chinese Nationalist Party	116	(3)
Mao Zedong and Chinese Communism	119	(1)
China between Nationalists and Communists	120	(2)
War against Japan	122	(1)
SUMMARY	123	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	124	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	124	(2)
Chapter 5 Despotic Empires of the 1930's: Nazi Germany, Soviet Union, Japanese Empire, 1930-1941	126	(33)
NAZISM AND ADOLF HITLER	127	(7)
The Nazi Party and Hitler	127	(1)
The Nazi Dictatorship	128	(3)
The Expansion of the Nazi Empire	131	(3)
STALIN'S SOVIET UNION	134	(13)
The Stalin Revolution	134	(6)
Stalinist Terror and Soviet Despotism	140	(2)
The Soviet Empire	142	(5)
THE JAPANESE EMPIRE	147	(10)
Prosperity and Japanese Democracy	148	(1)
Depression and Japanese Militarism	149	(2)
Japanese Imperialism	151	(6)
SUMMARY	157	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	158	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	158	(1)
Chapter 6 The Last World War, 1939-1945	159	(25)
THE EMPIRES OF GERMANY AND JAPAN	160	(9)
The Conquest of Europe	160	(2)
The United States: Between Neutrality and War	162	(1)
The German-Soviet War	163	(2)
The German Empire	165	(2)
The Japanese Empire	167	(2)
THE FORMATION OF THE GRAND ALLIANCE	169	(9)
The United States in the Grand Alliance	172	(2)
The Soviet Union at War	174	(2)
Allied Cooperation	176	(2)
THE DEFEAT OF THE AXIS EMPIRES	178	(9)
The United States and the Liberation of Western Europe	178	(4)
Soviet Triumph in Eastern Europe	182	(2)
Victory in East Asia	184	(3)
SUMMARY	187	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	187	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	188
PART 2 THE ERA OF NATIONS	184	(265)
Chapter 7 The Cold War and the West	189	(38)
THE COLD WAR IN THE WEST	190	(12)
The Making of the New Soviet Empire	191	(2)
Partition of Germany	193	(2)
Iron Curtain and Containment	195	(2)
Soviet Satellites and the Berlin Blockade	197	(2)
Containment and Military Alliances	199	(3)
THE NEW SOVIET EMPIRE	202	(13)
The "Outer" Empire	202	(1)
Post-Stalinist Soviet Union	203	(2)
Unrest in the Soviet Empire	205	(2)
The Arms Race and Cuban Missile Crisis	207	(8)
THE NEW EUROPE	215	(9)
The End of Western Empires	215	(4)
Western European Recovery	219	(4)
Western European Unification	223	(1)
SUMMARY	224	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	225	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	226	(1)
Chapter 8 Cold War and Revolutions in East Asia	227	(27)
THE VICTORY OF THE CHINESE COMMUNISTS	228	(6)
The Decline of Nationalist China	228	(1)
Communist Victory in China	229	(2)
The Chinese People's Republic	231	(3)
THE KOREAN WAR	234	(8)
Partitioned Korea	234	(1)
China, Stalin, and the Korean War	234	(4)
North and South Korea	238	(4)
WARS AND REVOLUTION IN INDOCHINA	242	(9)
The French Colonial War	242	(2)
North and South Vietnam	244	(3)
U.S. War in Vietnam	247	(4)
SUMMARY	251	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	252	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	252	(2)
Chapter 9 The Resurgence of China and Japan, 1950-2000	254	(25)
REVOLUTION TO RICHES IN COMMUNIST CHINA	255	(15)
Mao Zedong and Communist Dictatorship	255	(1)
Revolutionary China	256	(1)
The Great Leap Forward	257	(5)
The Cultural Revolution	262	(2)
'To Get Rich Is Glorious"	264	(2)
After Communism: China in the Global Economy	266	(4)
JAPAN'S RECOVERY FROM DEFEAT	270	(7)
U.S. Occupation of Japan	270	(4)
Japan in the Cold War	274	(1)
The "Economic Miracle"	275	(2)
SUMMARY	277	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	278	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	278	(1)
Chapter 10 New Nations in South Asia	279	(32)
THE NEW ISLAND REPUBLICS	280	(10)
Independence for the Philippines	280	(3)
Sukarno and Indonesia	283	(6)
Singapore and the Global Economy	289	(1)
INDEPENDENCE FOR INDIA AND PAKISTAN	290	(9)
The End of British Rule	290	(2)
Partition of the Indian Colony	292	(2)
Independence and War	294	(5)
THE NATION-STATES OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN	299	(9)
Nehru and the New India	299	(2)
Democratic Socialism in India	301	(2)
Ethnic Diversity and Secular Democracy	303	(2)
War and Peace in South Asia	305	(1)
Nation and Islam in Pakistan	306	(2)
SUMMARY	308	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	309	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	309	(2)
Chapter 11 Africa and Latin America in the Third World	311	(41)
AFRICA'S LIBERATION FROM COLONIALISM	313	(16)
Nationalism in Africa	314	(3)
Independence for African Colonies	317	(1)
The Triumph of Democracy in South Africa	318	(5)
African State-Building and Failed Slates	323	(4)
The Failure of Economic Development	327	(2)
LATIN AMERICA IN THE COLD WAR	329	(14)
The Lure of Economic Independence	330	(1)
Populism in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile	331	(2)
Central America under U.S. Domination	333	(3)
Castro's Revolution	336	(7)
DEMOCRACY IN LATIN AMERICA	343	(7)
From Dictatorship to Democracy in South America	344	(3)
Mexico's New Democracy	347	(1)
Cuba, Central America, and the Yankees	348	(2)
SUMMARY	350	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	350	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	351	(1)
Chapter 12 Nations at War in the Middle East	352	(36)
ISRAEL AND THE MIDDLE EAST	353	(10)
The Struggle for Palestine	354	(6)
Revolution in Egypt	360	(3)
NATION-BUILDING AND PETROLEUM	363	(5)
Nasser and the Egyptian Nation	363	(2)
The Suez Canal and the 1956 War	365	(1)
Nasser's Socialist Reforms	366	(1)
Petroleum and the Middle East	367	(1)
WAR, PEACE, AND ISLAM	368	(18)
The Six-Day War	372	(2)
Egypt, Palestine, and Peace with Israel	374	(4)
Iran's Islamic Republic	378	(3)
The Oil Wars of Iraq	381	(5)
SUMMARY	386	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	387	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	387	(1)
Chapter 13 The West from Cold War to European Union	388	(29)
THE NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION	389	(2)
The Electronic Age	389	(1)
Western Economic Bonds	390	(1)
EUROPEAN NATIONS AND EUROPEAN UNION	391	(9)
Tinkering with the Welfare State	393	(1)
European Union	394	(6)
THE FALL OF THE SOVIET EMPIRE	400	(15)
The Decline of the Soviet Union	401	(3)
The End of Communism	404	(5)
The End of the Cold War	409	(2)
The New Russia	411	(2)
Russia and Inner Asian Wars	413	(2)
SUMMARY	415	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	416	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	416	(1)
Chapter 14 Local Wars, Global Economy: The World after the Cold War	417	(32)
THE EMERGENCE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY	419	(10)
Global Energy	419	(7)
The Global Market	426	(3)
LOCAL WARS AND PEACEKEEPING	429	(11)
Ethnic Conflict and War in Central Africa	430	(3)
The Warring Peoples of the Balkans	433	(3)
Internationalism and the United Nations	436	(4)
TERRORISM AND LOCAL WARS	440	(6)
Islam in Afghanistan	441	(4)
The Local Wars of the United States	445	(1)
SUMMARY	446	(1)
DATES WORTH REMEMBERING	447	(1)
RECOMMENDED READING	447	(2)
INDEX	449