The Writer's Harbrace Handbook

by MILLER

• ISBN13: 9780155067660
• ISBN10: 0155067664
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-06-19
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

For the new millennium, Harcourt College Publishers now offers a Harbrace for everyone with the 14th edition of the Hodges'; Harbrace and a totally new handbook, The Writer';s Harbraces. The Writer';s Harbrace Handbook offers, for the first time, a writing driven approach while maintaining the hallmark of the Harbrace Handbook-solid coverage of grammar and mechanics.

Table of Contents

Writing
Reading and Writing Critically cr	2	(37)
Reading and writing as processes	3	(2)
Active readers and writers	5	(8)
Keeping a writing and reading inventory	6	(2)
Keeping a reading journal	8	(1)
Using college resources	9	(4)
Reading syllabi and assignment sheets carefully	13	(3)
Understanding syllabi and course requirements	13	(1)
Analyzing a writing assignment	14	(2)
Previewing a text	16	(4)
Distinguishing between content of a text and personal response to a text	20	(3)
Understanding content	20	(2)
Recognizing a personal response	22	(1)
Credibility and writing	23	(2)
Purpose, audience, and context in writing	25	(14)
Purpose	26	(3)
Audience	29	(7)
Context	36	(3)
Planning and Drafting Essays pln/dft	39	(33)
Finding appropriate subjects	39	(11)
Searching for a subject	40	(7)
Focusing on the topic	47	(3)
Establishing a thesis	50	(4)
The thesis statement	50	(3)
The main idea	53	(1)
Arranging ideas	54	(4)
Informal working plans	55	(1)
Formal outlines	56	(2)
Drafting with well-developed paragraphs	58	(4)
Developing a paragraph with details	60	(1)
Developing a paragraph by providing examples	61	(1)
Strategies of development	62	(8)
Narration	63	(1)
Description	64	(1)
Process	65	(1)
Cause or effect	66	(1)
Comparison or contrast	67	(1)
Classification or division	68	(1)
Definition	69	(1)
The first draft	70	(2)
Revising and Editing Essays rev/ed	72	(45)
Revision	73	(4)
Considering everything in the essay	74	(1)
Considering anything omitted from the essay	74	(1)
Considering tone	75	(2)
Introductions, conclusions, and titles	77	(6)
Introductions	77	(3)
Conclusions	80	(2)
Titles	82	(1)
Unified and coherent paragraphs	83	(8)
Topic sentence and the main idea	83	(2)
Paragraph unity and the main idea	85	(2)
Coherence	87	(2)
Linking sentences through grammar	89	(2)
Transitions within and between paragraphs	91	(5)
Using pronouns to help establish links	92	(1)
Repeating words, phrases, or ideas	92	(1)
Using conjunctions and other transitional expressions	93	(3)
Sharing your work with others	96	(12)
Defining evaluation standards	96	(1)
Explaining your purpose and concerns	97	(2)
Hearing responses to your work	99	(1)
Responding to the work of others	99	(1)
Peer review of a first draft	100	(8)
Editing	108	(3)
Proofreading	111	(2)
The final draft	113	(4)
Document Design des	117	(20)
Proper materials	118	(2)
Paper and binding	118	(1)
Electronic documents	118	(1)
Type, fonts, and justification	119	(1)
Clear and orderly arrangement	120	(6)
Layout	120	(1)
Indentation	120	(1)
Paging	121	(1)
Headings	122	(1)
Graphics	123	(3)
Electronic documents	126	(8)
E-mail	126	(2)
The World Wide Web	128	(6)
Proofreading	134	(3)
Writing Arguments arg	137	(43)
Different purposes	137	(2)
Different views	139	(2)
Distinguishing between fact and opinion	141	(3)
Establishing a position or claim	144	(3)
Scope of the claim	144	(1)
Kinds of claims	145	(2)
Developing an argument	147	(5)
Establishing the link between the support and the claim	147	(3)
Responding to diverse views	150	(2)
Types of appeals	152	(4)
Classical appeals	152	(2)
Rogerian appeals	154	(2)
Organizing an argument	156	(5)
Classical arrangement	157	(1)
Rogerian arrangement	158	(1)
Refutation and concessions	158	(2)
Separate reasons in separate paragraphs	160	(1)
Beginning with a different viewpoint	160	(1)
Conclusions	161	(1)
Understanding logic	161	(7)
Inductive reasoning	162	(1)
Deductive reasoning	163	(3)
The Toulmin method	166	(2)
Logical fallacies	168	(6)
Ad hominem	169	(1)
Appeal to tradition	169	(1)
Bandwagon	169	(1)
Begging the question	170	(1)
Equivocation	170	(1)
False analogy	170	(1)
False authority	170	(1)
False cause	170	(1)
False dilemma	171	(1)
Guilt by association	171	(1)
Hasty generalization	171	(1)
Oversimplification	171	(1)
Red herring	172	(1)
Slippery slope	172	(2)
Sample argument	174	(6)
Research: Finding and Evaluating Sources res	180	(36)
Seeking information	181	(4)
Availability of resources	182	(1)
Establishing a research routine	183	(2)
Focusing the subject and framing it as a question	185	(1)
Evaluating sources	186	(6)
Locating information efficiently	192	(20)
Accessing information in libraries	192	(15)
Navigating the World Wide Web	207	(5)
Field research	212	(2)
Working bibliography	214	(2)
Research: Using and Citing Sources cit	216	(126)
Establishing a purpose	218	(1)
Taking accurate notes	219	(4)
Integrating sources	223	(9)
Introducing and discussing sources	224	(1)
Incorporating direct quotations	225	(2)
Paraphrasing	227	(3)
Summarizing	230	(2)
Avoiding plagiarism	232	(5)
MLA-style documentation	237	(31)
Parenthetical citations	238	(9)
Listing the works cited	247	(21)
MLA-style paper	268	(37)
Revising, editing, and proofreading	269	(1)
Sample MLA research paper	269	(36)
The note style of documentation	305	(3)
APA-style documentation	308	(11)
Parenthetical citations	308	(2)
Reference lists	310	(9)
Sample APA research paper	319	(23)
Writing under Pressure pres	342	(11)
Deadlines	342	(1)
Strategies for overcoming writer's block	343	(2)
Essay tests	345	(8)
Scheduling	345	(1)
Reading instructions and questions	346	(2)
Organizing your response	348	(2)
Stating the main points	350	(1)
Answering the question	351	(1)
Revising and proofreading	351	(2)
Writing about Literature lit	353	(30)
Understanding literary terms	353	(7)
Terms for the elements of literature	354	(2)
Terms of different approaches to literature	356	(3)
The purpose of an essay about literature	359	(1)
Discovering and developing a topic	360	(4)
Exploring your personal response to literature	360	(1)
Generating ideas by considering cultural factors	361	(1)
Developing your subject	362	(1)
Rereading a work to improve understanding	362	(1)
Researching a literary topic	363	(1)
Essays about fiction	364	(2)
Essays about drama	366	(3)
Essays about poetry	369	(5)
Using proper form	374	(2)
Sample student paper	376	(7)
Writing for Work wk	383	(31)
E-mail	383	(3)
Memos	386	(1)
Business letters	387	(4)
Application letters	391	(3)
Resumes	394	(6)
Grant proposals	400	(14)
Grammar
Sentence Essentials se	414	(12)
Subjects and predicates	415	(1)
Verbs and predicates	416	(3)
Subjects, objects, and complements	419	(5)
Subjects of verbs	420	(1)
Objects of verbs	421	(2)
Subject and object complements	423	(1)
Word order	424	(2)
Phrases and Clauses ph/cl	426	(14)
Phrases	426	(6)
Noun phrases	426	(1)
Verb phrases	427	(1)
Verbal phrases	427	(1)
Prepositional phrases	428	(2)
Appositive phrases	430	(1)
Absolute phrases	430	(2)
Clauses	432	(5)
Independent clauses	432	(1)
Subordinate clauses	432	(4)
Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions	436	(1)
Sentence forms	437	(3)
Simple sentence	437	(1)
Compound sentence	437	(1)
Complex sentence	438	(1)
Compound-complex sentence	438	(2)
Sentence Fragments frag	440	(10)
Revising phrases written as fragments	442	(3)
Revising clauses written as fragments	445	(5)
Comma Splices and Fused Sentences cs/fs	450	(13)
Revising a fused sentence or a comma splice	453	(4)
Revising fused independent clauses with a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb	457	(2)
Divided quotations	459	(4)
Modifiers mod	463	(19)
Adjectives	464	(3)
Identifying adjectives by their endings	465	(1)
Adjectives used as subject or object complements	466	(1)
Adverbs	467	(3)
Adjectives and adverbs denoting degrees of comparison	470	(4)
The comparative form	473	(1)
The superlative form	473	(1)
The incorrect double comparative or superlative	474	(1)
Awkward or ambiguous modifiers	474	(1)
Placement of modifiers	475	(3)
Single-word modifiers	476	(1)
Prepositional phrases	476	(1)
Adjectival clauses	476	(1)
``Squinting'' constructions	476	(1)
Awkward constructions that split an infinitive	477	(1)
Dangling modifiers	478	(2)
Participial phrases	478	(1)
Phases containing gerunds or infinitives	479	(1)
Elliptical adverbial clauses	479	(1)
The incorrect double negative	480	(2)
Pronouns pro	482	(26)
Kinds of pronouns	483	(3)
Personal pronouns	483	(1)
Relative pronouns	484	(1)
Interrogative pronouns	485	(1)
Reflexive/intensive pronouns	485	(1)
Subjective, objective, or possessive case	486	(2)
Subjective	486	(1)
Objective	487	(1)
Possessive	488	(1)
Clause as determiner of pronoun case	488	(8)
Pronouns in compound constructions	488	(3)
When to use who or whom	491	(3)
Confusing constructions with who or whom	494	(1)
Pronouns after than or as	494	(1)
Objective form for the subject or object of an infinitive	495	(1)
Possessive form before a gerund	495	(1)
Pronoun-antecedent agreement	496	(6)
When the antecedent is a generic noun or indefinite pronoun	497	(2)
Joining words by and or by or or nor	499	(1)
Collective noun antecedents	499	(3)
Pronoun reference	502	(6)
Ambiguous or unclear references	503	(1)
Remote or awkward refernces	504	(1)
Broad or implied references	505	(1)
Impersonal it	506	(2)
Verbs v	508	(44)
Verb forms	509	(8)
Regular or irregular verbs	510	(1)
Auxiliary verbs to indicate tense or voice	511	(4)
The forms of be	515	(1)
Transitive, linking, or intransitive verbs	516	(1)
The conjugation of a verb	517	(8)
Tables that illustrate the important parts of a verb	518	(2)
Three principal parts of a verb	520	(4)
Participles in a predicate	524	(1)
Verb tense	525	(6)
Tense forms as time references	527	(2)
Logical sequence of tense	529	(2)
Voice and mood	531	(4)
Voice	531	(2)
Mood	533	(2)
Subject-verb agreement	535	(11)
Other words between the subject and verb	538	(1)
When subject and verb endings are not clearly sounded	538	(1)
Compound subjects joined by and	539	(1)
Subjects joined by either...or	539	(1)
Inverted word order or there + verb constructions	540	(1)
Using relative pronouns (who, which, that) as subjects	540	(1)
Indefinite pronouns (either, one, everybody, all, any, some, none)	540	(2)
Collective nouns and phrases	542	(1)
What as the subject of a linking verb	543	(1)
Titles of single works, words spoken of as words, and nouns plural in form but singular in meaning	543	(3)
Sit and set, lie and lay, and rise and raise	546	(2)
Unnecessary shifts in tense or mood	548	(4)
Effective Sentences
Sentence Unity: Consistency su	552	(7)
Clearly related ideas	552	(1)
Arranging details	553	(2)
Avoiding mixed metaphors and mixed constructions	555	(1)
Mixed metaphors	555	(1)
Mixed constructions	555	(1)
Faulty predication	556	(1)
Faulty predication in definitions	556	(3)
Faulty construction of definitions	556	(1)
Clear definitions	557	(2)
Subordination and Coordination sub/coor	559	(7)
Subordinating related short sentences	560	(3)
Adjectives and adjectival phrases	561	(1)
Adverbs and adverbial phrases	561	(1)
Appositives and contrasting elements	562	(1)
Subordinate clauses	562	(1)
Subordinating and coordinating main clauses	563	(1)
Subordinating less important ideas	563	(1)
Coordinating ideas of equal importance	563	(1)
Connecting ideas logically	564	(1)
Faulty or excessive subordination	564	(2)
Parallelism	566	(5)
Balancing similar grammatical elements	567	(1)
Parallel words and phrases	567	(1)
Parallel clauses	567	(1)
Parallel sentences	568	(1)
Clear parallel structures	568	(1)
Using parallel structures to establish a relationship between sentences	569	(1)
Parallel correlatives	570	(1)
Emphasis emp	571	(8)
Placement of important words	571	(1)
Periodic and cumulative sentences	572	(1)
Ascending order of importance for ideas	573	(1)
Active, forceful verbs	574	(2)
Active and passive voice	574	(1)
Action verbs and forceful linking verbs	575	(1)
Repeating important words	576	(1)
Inverting standard word order	577	(1)
Balanced sentence construction	577	(1)
Emphasis through sentence length	578	(1)
Variety var	579	(11)
Varying sentence length	580	(2)
Varying sentence beginnings	582	(2)
Adverb or an adverbial clause	582	(1)
Prepositional or verbal phrase	582	(1)
Connectives	583	(1)
Appositive, absolute phrase, or introductory series	583	(1)
Varying sentence structure	584	(2)
Complex sentence	584	(1)
Compound predicate	584	(1)
Appositive	585	(1)
Prepositional or verbal phrase	585	(1)
Additional conjunctions	585	(1)
Varying conventional subject-verb sequence	586	(1)
Varying sentence types	587	(3)
Diction
Good Usage usg	590	(15)
Dictionaries	592	(3)
Varying language according to audience, place, and purpose	595	(3)
Colloquial words	596	(1)
Slang	596	(1)
Regionalisms	596	(1)
Nonstandard and substandard usage	597	(1)
Archaic and obsolete words	597	(1)
Technical words	597	(1)
Clear, straightforward style	598	(1)
Inclusive writing	599	(6)
Sexist language	600	(2)
References to race and ethnicity	602	(1)
Sensitivity to ability, age, class, religion, occupation, and orientation	603	(2)
Exactness e	605	(12)
Accurate, precise word choice	605	(6)
Accuracy	605	(1)
Connotations	606	(1)
Specific, concrete words	607	(2)
Figurative language	609	(2)
Idiomatic expressions	611	(3)
Fresh expressions	614	(1)
Using first and second person	615	(2)
Conciseness con	617	(7)
Making every word count	617	(4)
Redundancy	617	(1)
Unnecessary words	618	(1)
Expletives	619	(2)
Revising to eliminate needless words	621	(1)
Necessary repetition	621	(1)
Elliptical constructions to eliminate repetition	622	(2)
Clarity and Completeness	624	(8)
Articles, pronouns, conjunctions, or prepositions	625	(2)
Omitted articles	625	(2)
Omitted conjunctions or prepositions	627	(1)
Complete verbs and auxiliaries	627	(1)
Complete comparisons	628	(1)
Intensifiers	628	(4)
Punctuation
The Comma	632	(20)
Before a coordinating conjunction linking independent clauses	633	(2)
After introductory words, phrases, and clauses	635	(3)
After an introductory clause preceding an independent clause	635	(1)
After introductory phrases preceding independent clauses	636	(2)
Separating parallel items such as those in a series	638	(2)
Separating words, phrases, and clauses in a series	639	(1)
Separating coordinate adjectives	639	(1)
With nonrestrictive and other parenthetical elements	640	(5)
Nonrestrictive clauses or phrases used as modifiers	641	(1)
Nonrestrictive appositives	642	(2)
Contrasted elements	644	(1)
Geographical names, items in dates, and addresses	644	(1)
Parenthetical expressions	645	(1)
Mild interjections and words used in direct address	645	(1)
Absolute phrases	645	(1)
For ease in reading	645	(3)
Unnecessary commas	648	(4)
Not between the subject and its verb or the verb and its object	648	(1)
Not after coordinating conjunctions	648	(1)
With only clearly parenthetical words and short phrases	649	(1)
Not with restrictive clauses, phrases, or appositives	649	(1)
Not before the first or after the last item of a series	650	(2)
The Semicolon	652	(5)
Connecting independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction	652	(3)
Separating elements that contain commas	655	(1)
Not with unequal grammatical parts	655	(2)
The Apostrophe	657	(6)
Showing possession for nouns and some indefinite pronouns	657	(3)
Singular nouns, indefinite pronouns, and acronyms	658	(1)
Plural nouns ending in -s	658	(1)
To show joint ownership or to make a compound noun possessive	658	(1)
Individual ownership	659	(1)
In time relationships, academic degrees, or before gerunds	659	(1)
With contractions and numbers	660	(1)
The plurals of letters, numbers, and words referred to as words	660	(1)
Misuse with personal pronouns and plural nouns	661	(2)
Quotation Marks	663	(11)
Direct quotations, dialogue, and thoughts	663	(3)
Direct quotations	663	(1)
Not with indirect quotations	664	(1)
Quotations within quotations	664	(1)
Dialogue	665	(1)
Thoughts	666	(1)
Long quotations	666	(2)
Prose	666	(1)
Poetry	667	(1)
The titles of short works and subdivisions of books	668	(1)
Words intended in a special or ironic sense	669	(1)
Overusing quotation marks	670	(1)
To call attention to a cliche	670	(1)
To enclose yes or no in indirect discourse	670	(1)
To indicate questionable diction	670	(1)
Placement with other punctuation marks	670	(4)
Commas and periods	670	(1)
Semicolons and colons	671	(1)
Question marks, exclamation points, and dashes	672	(2)
The Period and Other Marks	674	(16)
The period	675	(1)
After a declarative or mildly imperative sentence	675	(1)
After some abbreviations	675	(1)
The question mark ?	676	(1)
The exclamation point !	677	(1)
The colon :	678	(2)
Preceding an explanation or summary, a series, or a quotation	678	(1)
Separating figures in time references as well as between titles and subtitles	679	(1)
After the salutation of a business letter	680	(1)
In bibliographic data	680	(1)
The dash ---	680	(1)
Marking a sudden break in thought, an abrupt change in tone, or faltering speech	681	(1)
Setting off a parenthetical element for emphasis or clarity	681	(1)
After an introductory list or series	681	(1)
Parentheses ()	681	(2)
Brackets []	683	(1)
The slash /	683	(1)
Ellipsis points ...	684	(6)
Indicating an omission within a quoted passage	684	(3)
Indicating a reflective pause or hesitation	687	(1)
Indicating a pause at the end of a sentence	687	(3)
Mechanics
Spelling, the Spell Checker, and Hyphenation sp	690	(18)
Spell checkers	692	(1)
Spelling and pronunciation	693	(2)
Spelling words of similar sound	695	(3)
Contractions and possessive pronouns	695	(1)
Single words and two-word phrases	695	(1)
Singular nouns ending in -nce and plural nouns ending in -nts	696	(2)
Prefixes	698	(1)
Suffixes	698	(4)
Dropping or retaining a final e	699	(1)
Doubling a final consonant before a suffix	699	(1)
Changing or retaining the final y before a suffix	699	(1)
Retaining the final l before -ly	700	(1)
Adding -s or -es to form the plural of nouns	700	(2)
Confusion of ei and ie	702	(1)
Hyphenation	702	(6)
Linking two or more words to form a compound	703	(2)
Breaking a word at the end of a line	705	(1)
In lists of works cited	706	(2)
Capitals cap	708	(11)
Proper names, their abbreviations, and acronyms	709	(3)
Names and nicknames of persons or things and trademarks	709	(1)
Names of peoples and their languages	710	(1)
Geographical names	710	(1)
Names of organizations, government agencies, institutions, and companies	710	(1)
Names for days of the week, months, and holidays	710	(1)
Designations for historical documents, periods, events, and movements	711	(1)
Names of religions, of their adherents, and of holy days, titles of holy books, and words denoting the Supreme Being	711	(1)
Personifications	711	(1)
Words derived from proper names	711	(1)
Abbreviations and acronyms or shortened forms of capitalized words	712	(1)
Titles that precede a person's name	712	(1)
The first, last, and all major words in titles	713	(1)
The pronoun / and the interjection O	714	(1)
The first word of a sentence and of directly quoted speech	715	(1)
Unnecessary capitals	715	(4)
Common nouns	715	(1)
To indicate emphasis	716	(3)
Italics ital	719	(6)
Titles of publications	720	(1)
Foreign words and phrases	721	(1)
Names of legal cases	722	(1)
Names of specific ships, satellites, and spacecraft	722	(1)
Words, letters, or figures spoken of as such	722	(1)
Emphasized words	723	(2)
Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers ab/ac/n	725	(14)
Designations such as Ms., Mr., Mrs., Dr., St., Jr., Sr., and II	725	(1)
Names of streets, cities, states, countries, continents, months, days of the week, and units of measurement	726	(1)
Addresses in correspondence	727	(1)
Abbreviations used when citing research	728	(3)
Abbreviations as words	731	(2)
Clipped forms	732	(1)
For time periods and zones	732	(1)
For the United States (U.S.) when used as an adjective	732	(1)
As initials in the names of individuals	732	(1)
For common expressions in Latin	733	(1)
Acronyms	733	(1)
Numbers	734	(1)
Special use of numbers	735	(4)
Specific time of day	735	(1)
Dates	735	(1)
Addresses	736	(1)
Identification numbers	736	(1)
Pages and divisions of books and plays	736	(1)
Decimals and percentages	736	(1)
Large round numbers	736	(1)
Numbers in legal or commercial writing	736	(3)
Glossary of Usage gu	739	(21)
Glossary of Terms gt	760	(35)
Copyrights and Acknowledgments	795
Index	I-1
English as a World Language Index	I-63