3D Game Engine Architecture: Engineering Real-Time Applications with Wild Magic

by Eberly; David H.

• ISBN13: 9780122290640
• ISBN10: 012229064X
• Edition: CD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-12-17
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Dave Eberly's 3D Game Engine Design was the first professional guide to the essential concepts and algorithms of real-time 3D engines and quickly became a classic of game development. Dave's new book 3D Game Engine Architecture continues the tradition with a comprehensive look at the software engineering and programming of 3D engines. This book is a complete guide to the engineering process, starting with a walk-through of the graphics pipeline showing how to construct the core elements of 3D systems, including data structures, the math system, and the object system. Dave explains how to manage data with scene graphs, how to build rendering and camera systems, and how to handle level of detail, terrain, and animation. Advanced rendering effects such as vertex and pixel shaders are also covered as well as collision detection and physics systems. The book concludes with a discussion of application design, development tools, and coding standards for the source code of the new version of the Wild Magic engine included on the CD-ROM. Wild Magic is a commercial-quality game engine used by many companies and is a unique resource for the game development community. *CD-ROM with the complete C++ source code for Wild Magic version 3, a commercial-quality game engine for Windows, Linux, and OS X. *A comprehensive, practical guide to all the steps necessary to build professional-quality real-time simulations with just minimal mathematics required. *Emphasizes the application of software engineering principles and describes the architecture of large libraries.

Author Biography

Dave Eberly is the president of Magic Software, Inc.

Table of Contents

ABOUT THE AUTHOR	v
PREFACE	xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION	1	(30)
1.1 DRAWING A TRIANGLE	2	(15)
1.2 DRAWING A TRIANGLE MESH	17	(10)
1.3 DRAWING A COMPLICATED SCENE	27	(1)
1.4 ABSTRACTION OF SYSTEMS	27	(4)
CHAPTER 2 CORE SYSTEMS	31	(118)
2.1 THE LOW-LEVEL SYSTEM	31	(22)
2.1.1 Basic Data Structures	33	(12)
2.1.2 Encapsulating Platform-Specific Concepts	45	(1)
2.1.3 Endianness	46	(1)
2.1.4 System Time	47	(1)
2.1.5 File Handling	48	(1)
2.1.6 Memory Allocation and Deallocation	49	(4)
2.2 THE MATHEMATICS SYSTEM	53	(52)
2.2.1 Basic Mathematics Functions	53	(4)
2.2.2 Fast Functions	57	(4)
2.2.3 Vectors	61	(14)
2.2.4 Matrices	75	(15)
2.2.5 Quaternions	90	(12)
2.2.6 Lines and Planes	102	(1)
2.2.7 Colors	103	(2)
2.3 THE OBJECT SYSTEM	105	(44)
2.3.1 Run-Time Type Information	105	(7)
2.3.2 Names and Unique Identifiers	112	(2)
2.3.3 Sharing and Smart Pointers	114	(7)
2.3.4 Controllers	121	(1)
2.3.5 Streaming	122	(11)
2.3.6 Cloning	133	(5)
2.3.7 String Trees	138	(1)
2.3.8 Initialization and Termination	139	(10)
CHAPTER 3 SCENE GRAPHS AND RENDERERS	149	(150)
3.1 THE CORE CLASSES	152	(14)
3.1.1 Motivation for the Classes	153	(7)
3.1.2 Spatial Hierarchy Design	160	(3)
3.1.3 Instancing	163	(3)
3.2 GEOMETRIC STATE	166	(30)
3.2.1 Transformations	167	(10)
3.2.2 Bounding Volumes	177	(7)
3.2.3 The Core Classes and Geometric Updates	184	(12)
3.3 GEOMETRIC TYPES	196	(7)
3.3.1 Points	197	(1)
3.3.2 Line Segments	198	(2)
3.3.3 Triangle Meshes	200	(2)
3.3.4 Particles	202	(1)
3.4 RENDER STATE	203	(56)
3.4.1 Global State	203	(20)
3.4.2 Lights	223	(7)
3.4.3 Textures	230	(12)
3.4.4 Multitexturing	242	(6)
3.4.5 Effects	248	(3)
3.4.6 The Core Classes and Render State Updates	251	(8)
3.5 RENDERERS AND CAMERAS	259	(40)
3.5.1 Camera Models	259	(17)
3.5.2 Basic Architecture for Rendering	276	(5)
3.5.3 Single-Pass Drawing	281	(4)
3.5.4 The DrawPrimitive Function	285	(7)
3.5.5 Cached Textures and Vertex Attributes	292	(3)
3.5.6 Global Effects and Multipass Support	295	(4)
CHAPTER 4 ADVANCED SCENE GRAPH TOPICS	299	(132)
4.1 LEVEL OF DETAIL	299	(36)
4.1.1 Billboards	300	(2)
4.1.2 Display of Particles	302	(4)
4.1.3 Discrete Level of Detail	306	(3)
4.1.4 Continuous Level of Detail	309	(25)
4.1.5 Infinite Level of Detail	334	(1)
4.2 SORTING	335	(25)
4.2.1 Binary Space Partitioning Trees	336	(7)
4.2.2 Portals	343	(11)
4.2.3 Sorting Children of a Node	354	(2)
4.2.4 Deferred Drawing	356	(4)
4.3 CURVES AND SURFACES	360	(17)
4.3.1 Parametric Curves	362	(2)
4.3.2 Parametric Surfaces	364	(2)
4.3.3 Curve Tessellation by Subdivision	366	(7)
4.3.4 Surface Tessellation by Subdivision	373	(4)
4.4 TERRAIN	377	(22)
4.4.1 Data Representations	377	(1)
4.4.2 Level of Detail	378	(10)
4.4.3 Terrain Pages and Memory Management	388	(11)
4.5 CONTROLLERS AND ANIMATION	399	(32)
4.5.1 Keyframe Animation	402	(2)
4.5.2 Morphing	404	(2)
4.5.3 Points and Particles	406	(4)
4.5.4 Skin and Bones	410	(4)
4.5.5 Inverse Kinematics	414	(17)
CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED RENDERING TOPICS	431	(56)
5.1 SPECIAL EFFECTS USING THE FIXED-FUNCTION PIPELINE	431	(31)
5.1.1 Vertex Coloring	433	(1)
5.1.2 Single Textures	434	(2)
5.1.3 Dark Maps	436	(1)
5.1.4 Light Maps	437	(1)
5.1.5 Gloss Maps	437	(3)
5.1.6 Bump Maps	440	(6)
5.1.7 Environment Maps	446	(5)
5.1.8 Projected Textures	451	(3)
5.1.9 Planar Shadows	454	(3)
5.1.10 Planar Reflection	457	(5)
5.2 SPECIAL EFFECTS USING VERTEX AND PIXEL SHADERS	462	(25)
5.2.1 Scene Graph Support	463	(16)
5.2.2 Renderer Support	479	(7)
5.2.3 Automatic Source Code Generation	486	(1)
CHAPTER 6 COLLISION DETECTION	487	(78)
6.1 DISTANCE-BASED METHODS	492	(8)
6.1.1 A Plan of Attack	495	(1)
6.1.2 Root Finding Using Newton's Method	496	(1)
6.1.3 Root Finding Using Bisection	496	(1)
6.1.4 Hybrid Root Finding	497	(1)
6.1.5 An Abstract Interface for Distance Calculations	497	(3)
6.2 INTERSECTION-BASED METHODS	500	(3)
6.2.1 An Abstract Interface for Intersection Queries	501	(2)
6.3 LINE-OBJECT INTERSECTION	503	(33)
6.3.1 Intersections between Linear Components and Triangles	503	(5)
6.3.2 Intersections between Linear Components and Bounding Volumes	508	(19)
6.3.3 Picking	527	(7)
6.3.4 Staying on Top of Things	534	(1)
6.3.5 Staying out of Things	535	(1)
6.4 OBJECT-OBJECT INTERSECTION	536	(29)
6.4.1 Collision Groups	536	(4)
6.4.2 Hierarchical Collision Detection	540	(13)
6.4.3 Spatial and Temporal Coherence	553	(12)
CHAPTER 7 PHYSICS	565	(36)
7.1 NUMERICAL METHODS FOR SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS	565	(11)
7.1.1 Euler's Method	567	(2)
7.1.2 Midpoint Method	569	(2)
7.1.3 Runge-Kutta Fourth-Order Method	571	(2)
7.1.4 Implicit Equations and Methods	573	(3)
7.2 PARTICLE PHYSICS	576	(4)
7.3 MASS-SPRING SYSTEMS	580	(11)
7.3.1 Curve Masses	580	(3)
7.3.2 Surface Masses	583	(3)
7.3.3 Volume Masses	586	(3)
7.3.4 Arbitrary Configurations	589	(2)
7.4 DEFORMABLE BODIES	591	(1)
7.5 RIGID BODIES	592	(9)
7.5.1 The Rigid Body Class	595	(5)
7.5.2 Computing the Inertia Tensor	600	(1)
CHAPTER 8 APPLICATIONS	601	(76)
8.1 ABSTRACTION OF THE APPLICATION	602	(35)
8.1.1 Processing Command Line Parameters	603	(4)
8.1.2 The Application Class	607	(2)
8.1.3 The ConsoleApplication Class	609	(3)
8.1.4 The WindowApplication Class	612	(8)
8.1.5 The WindowApplication3 Class	620	(17)
8.2 SAMPLE APPLICATIONS	637	(36)
8.2.1 BillboardNode Sample	642	(1)
8.2.2 BspNode Sample	642	(3)
8.2.3 CachedArray Sample	645	(1)
8.2.4 Castle Sample	646	(2)
8.2.5 ClodMesh Sample	648	(1)
8.2.6 Collision Sample	648	(6)
8.2.7 InverseKinematics Sample	654	(2)
8.2.8 Portals Sample	656	(6)
8.2.9 ScreenPolygon Sample	662	(6)
8.2.10 SkinnedBiped Sample	668	(1)
8.2.11 SortFaces Sample	669	(1)
8.2.12 Terrain Sample	670	(3)
8.3 SAMPLE TOOLS	673	(4)
8.3.1 3dsToWmof Importer	673	(1)
8.3.2 Maya Exporter	673	(1)
8.3.3 BmpToWmif Converter	673	(1)
8.3.4 WmifToBmp Converter	674	(1)
8.3.5 ScenePrinter Tool	674	(1)
8.3.6 SceneTree Tool	674	(1)
8.3.7 SceneViewer Tool	674	(3)
APPENDIX CODING CONVENTIONS	677	(22)
A.1 FILE NAMING AND ORGANIZATION	677	(3)
A.2 COMMENT PREAMBLE AND SEPARATORS	680	(1)
A.3 WHITE SPACE	681	(4)
A.3.1 Indentation	681	(1)
A.3.2 Blank Lines	682	(1)
A.3.3 Function Declarators	682	(1)
A.3.4 Constructor Initializers	683	(1)
A.3.5 Function Calls	684	(1)
A.3.6 Conditionals	684	(1)
A.4 BRACES	685	(1)
A.5 POINTER TYPES	686	(2)
A.6 IDENTIFIER NAMES	688	(3)
A.6.1 Variables	688	(2)
A.6.2 Classes and Functions	690	(1)
A.6.3 Enumerations	690	(1)
A.7 C++ EXCEPTIONS	691	(1)
A.8 HEADER FILE ORGANIZATION	692	(7)
A.8.1 Include Guards and Nested Header Files	692	(3)
A.8.2 Minimizing Compilation Time	695	(4)
BIBLIOGRAPHY	699	(4)
INDEX	703	(30)
ABOUT THE CD-ROM	733