Advanced Drying Technologies, Second Edition

by Kudra; Tadeusz

• ISBN13: 9781420073874
• ISBN10: 1420073877
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781040069820
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-02-11
• Publisher: CRC Press
• More Book Details

Summary

The first edition of Advanced Drying Technologiesemphasized emerging equipment, innovative techniques, and cost-effective strategies for a variety of industrial, food, and agricultural applications. Written under the guidance of two editors with a combined 60 plus years of experience, this new edition continues to present the breakthroughs in thermal dehydration, drying, and dewatering. The book features new chapters on spray freeze drying, fry drying, refractance window drying, and mechanical thermal expression, to name just a few. The book examines dryers for numerous materials ranging from particulate solids, through slurries and suspensions, to continuous sheets.

Table of Contents

Preface to the First Edition	p. xi
Preface to the Second Edition	p. xiii
Authors	p. xv
General Discussion: Conventional and Novel Drying Concepts	p. 1
Need for Advanced Drying Technologies	p. 3
Why New Drying Technologies?	p. 3
Intensification of Drying Rates	p. 4
Multistage Dryers	p. 7
References	p. 9
Classification and Selection Criteria: Conventional versus Novel Technologies	p. 11
References	p. 17
Innovation and Trends in Drying Technologies	p. 19
Introduction	p. 19
Innovation: Types and Common Features	p. 19
Development of Improved Drying Technologies	p. 23
Trends in Drying Research and Development	p. 24
References	p. 26
Selected Advanced Drying Technologies	p. 27
Drying on Inert Particles	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
Drying Mechanism and Process Considerations	p. 29
Modeling and Scale-Up	p. 38
Selected Dryers with Inert Particles	p. 42
References	p. 51
Impinging Stream Drying	p. 55
Basic Features	p. 55
Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer	p. 62
Penetration Depth and Oscillation Time	p. 63
Pressure Drop	p. 65
Heat Transfer	p. 66
Drying	p. 67
Some Recent Studies on ISD	p. 71
References	p. 73
Drying in Pulsed Fluid Beds	p. 77
References	p. 87
Superheated Steam Drying	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Basic Principles of Superheated Steam Drying	p. 91
Classification and Selection of Superheated Steam Dryers	p. 93
Quality Considerations	p. 94
Superheated Steam Drying of Selected Products	p. 97
Drying of Sludges	p. 97
Drying of Coal	p. 98
Drying of Beet Pulp	p. 101
Drying of Lumber	p. 103
Drying of Pulp	p. 106
Drying of Peat	p. 108
Drying of Paper and Tissue	p. 111
Drying of Wood Particles and Wood Wafers	p. 112
Low-Pressure Drying with Superheated Steam	p. 113
Miscellaneous Applications	p. 113
Utilization of Exhaust Steam	p. 114
Closing Remarks	p. 117
References	p. 118
Airless Drying	p. 123
References	p. 127
Drying in Mobilized Beds	p. 129
References	p. 140
Drying with Shock Waves	p. 143
Appendix: Process Calculations and Equipment Design	p. 153
References	p. 159
Vacu Jet Drying System	p. 161
References	p. 167
Contact-Sorption Drying	p. 169
General Characteristics	p. 169
Mechanism of Contact-Sorption Drying	p. 171
Characteristics of Sorbents/Carriers	p. 179
Technology of Contact-Sorption Drying	p. 184
Drying of Particulate Materials on Inert Sorbent	p. 184
Drying in a Fluid Bed of Inert Sorbent	p. 185
Sorption Drying Using Filler Materials	p. 187
Contact-Sorption Freeze-Drying	p. 194
References	p. 197
Sonic Drying	p. 199
Basic Characteristics of Sound	p. 199
Sound Generation	p. 203
Mechanism of Sonic Drying	p. 205
Drying Kinetics	p. 210
Sound-Assisted Dryers	p. 215
References	p. 221
Pulse Combustion Drying	p. 225
Principle of Pulse Combustion	p. 225
Pulse Combustors: Design and Operation	p. 229
Basic Types of Pulse Combustors	p. 229
Quarter-Wave (Schmidt) Pulse Combustor	p. 229
Helmholtz Pulse Combustor	p. 230
Rijke-Type Pulse Combustor	p. 230
Valve and Valveless Pulse Combustors	p. 230
Flapper and Reed-Type Valves	p. 231
Rotary Valves	p. 232
Aerodynamic Valves	p. 234
Pulse Combustion in Drying	p. 236
Numerical Simulation of Pulse Combustion Drying	p. 250
References	p. 258
Heat Pump Drying	p. 263
Introduction	p. 263
Principle of Heat Pump Operation	p. 263
Low-Temperature Heat Pump Drying	p. 272
Chemical Heat Pump Drying	p. 278
New Developments and Trends in Heat Pump Drying	p. 286
References	p. 288
Fry-Drying	p. 293
References	p. 297
Selected Techniques for Drying and Dewatering	p. 299
Mechanical Thermal Expression	p. 301
References	p. 306
Displacement Drying	p. 307
References	p. 314
Vapor Drying	p. 315
References	p. 319
Slush Drying	p. 321
References	p. 325
Atmospheric Freeze-Drying	p. 327
References	p. 335
Spray-Freeze-Drying	p. 337
References	p. 341
Refractance Window	p. 343
References	p. 346
Carver-Greenfield Process	p. 347
References	p. 350
Hybrid Drying Technologies	p. 351
Microwave-Convective Drying with Cogeneration	p. 353
References	p. 362
Microwave-Vacuum Drying	p. 363
References	p. 369
Filtermat Drying	p. 371
References	p. 373
Spray-Fluid Bed-Vibrated Fluid Bed Dryer	p. 375
References	p. 377
Combined Filtration and Drying	p. 379
Introduction	p. 379
Pressure Filtration and Drying	p. 381
Centrifuge Dryer	p. 384
Vapor Pressure Dewatering	p. 385
Steam Pressure Filtration	p. 390
Jet Stream Centrifugation	p. 392
Microwave-Assisted Filter Drying	p. 393
References	p. 395
Radio-Frequency Drying with 50 ¿ Technology	p. 397
References	p. 405
Radio Frequency-Assisted Heat Pump Drying	p. 407
References	p. 412
Radio Frequency-Vacuum Drying	p. 413
References	p. 417
Miscellaneous Hybrid Technologies	p. 419
Combined Microwave and Superheated Steam Drying	p. 419
Combined Infrared and Convection Drying	p. 420
Infrared Heat Pump Drying	p. 420
Heat Pump Superheated Steam Drying	p. 421
Infrared-Microwave Freeze-Drying	p. 422
References	p. 423
Other Techniques	p. 425
Special Drying Technologies	p. 427
Drying by Alternating High-and Low-Pressure Operations	p. 427
Through-Air Rotary Dryer	p. 429
Drying with Bed Mixing	p. 434
Drying at Ambient Air Temperature	p. 438
Vacuum-Superheated Steam Drying and Granulation	p. 441
Drying in Rotating-Jet Spouted Bed	p. 445
Drying with Sol-Gel Transformations	p. 448
Supercritical Fluid Technology to Produce Dry Particles	p. 452
References	p. 453
Index	p. 457
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