Agricultural Medicine Occupational and Environmental Health for the Health Professions

by Donham, Kelley J.; Thelin, Anders

• ISBN13: 9780813818030
• ISBN10: 0813818036
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-05-24
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Agricultural employment is plagued with one of the highest levels of mortality among occupational groups in the United States, making the health and safety of farmers, farm workers, and farm residents a leading priority for epidemiologists, occupational health and safety professionals, rural health providers, public health practitioners, and extension agents and educators. Satisfying a growing need for a textbook on this significant aspect of public health, Agricultural Medicine is the first comprehensive textbook and reference for students of public health and health professionals in the field of rural medicine. Agricultural health and safety engages a multidisciplinary team of medical professionals, engineers, sociologists, epidemiologists, and psychologists for whom this book is an overdue yet essential reference. The authors bring a combined 60 years of practice, research, teaching, and scholarship in agricultural medicine to the design and content of this book. Their farm background and ownership add practicality and relevancy to their presentation. An overview of the industry and workforce-agricultural production in the global economy, demographics of the workforce, regulations, statistics, and organizations targeting agricultural health and safety-provides context for the broad but thorough coverage of diseases, infectious and toxic agents, and potential injuries to which agricultural populations are exposed daily.

Author Biography

Kelley J. Donham, MS, DVM, DACVPM; Professor and Associate Head for Agricultural Medicine; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; Director, Iowa’s Center for Agricultural Safety and Health; College of Public Health, University of Iowa.

Anders Thelin, MD, PhD, an occupational medicine physician specializing in agricultural medicine.

Table of Contents

Dedication	ix
About the Authors	ix
Foreword	xii
Preface	xiii
Introduction and Overview	3	(26)
Introduction	3	(4)
What Is an Agricultural Health and Safety Professional?	7	(1)
Training of an Agricultural Health Practitioner and Agricultural Health and Safety Specialist	8	(4)
Demographics of the Agricultural Work Force	12	(1)
Breakdown of the Production Agricultural Work Force and Types of Farms	12	(3)
Other Occupations Exposed to the Agricultural Environment	15	(1)
General Health Status of the Agricultural Population	15	(1)
Occupational Health Status of the Agricultural Work Force	16	(1)
Occupational Injury and Illness Statistics	17	(1)
Specific Occupational Health and Safety Risks and Conditions	18	(3)
Agricultural Health and Safety Organizations	21	(1)
Megatrends in Agriculture and Health Safety Implications	22	(3)
Summary	25	(4)
Special Risk Populations in Agricultural Communities	29	(36)
Introduction	29	(1)
Women	29	(5)
Youth	34	(6)
Elderly	40	(5)
Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers	45	(6)
Anabaptists	51	(14)
Agricultural Respiratory Diseases	65	(80)
Section 1: Overview	65	(2)
Section 2: Agricultural Structures and Respiratory Hazards	67	(11)
Section 3: Agricultural Dusts	78	(17)
Section 4: Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) and the Respiratory Disease Hazards	95	(13)
Section 5: Oxides of Nitrogen (``Silo Gas'')	108	(4)
Section 6: Applied Agricultural Chemicals	112	(2)
Section 7: Zoonotic Infections Causing Respiratory Disease	114	(1)
Section 8: General Preventive Measures	114	(3)
Section 9: Measurement of Agricultural Dusts and Gases	117	(4)
Section 10: Personal Respiratory Protective Equipment	121	(24)
Agricultural Skin Diseases	145	(16)
Introduction	145	(1)
Contact Dermatitis	145	(6)
Infectious Dermatitis	151	(1)
Arthropod-Induced Dermatitis	152	(3)
Sunlight-Induced Dermatoses	155	(2)
Skin Disorders Related to Heat, Cold, and Humidity	157	(4)
Cancer in Agricultural Populations	161	(12)
Introduction	161	(1)
General Description of Cancer Rates in the Farm Population	161	(3)
Protective and Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Causation	164	(2)
Details of Epidemiology and Agricultural Risk Factors for Specific Cancer Types	166	(2)
Cancer in Special Agricultural Populations	168	(2)
Social Medicine Aspects of Cancers in Farmers	170	(1)
Prevention of Cancer in Farm Populations	170	(3)
Health Effects of Agricultural Pesticides	173	(26)
Introduction	173	(1)
Definition of Pesticides	173	(1)
History	174	(1)
Frequency of Pesticide Poisonings	174	(1)
How Workers Are Exposed to Pesticides	175	(3)
Insecticides: Classes and Toxic Mechanisms	178	(4)
Classes and Toxic Mechanisms of Herbicides	182	(3)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Insecticide Poisoning	185	(1)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Herbicide Poisonings	186	(4)
Classes and Toxic Mechanisms of Fumigants	190	(1)
Treatment of Fumigant Poisonings	191	(2)
General Strategies for Prevention of Pesticide Poisoning	193	(3)
Summary	196	(3)
General Environmental Hazards in Agriculture	199	(32)
Introduction	199	(1)
Water Quality	200	(2)
Sources and Substances of Water Pollution from Agricultural Operations	202	(5)
Environmental Health Effects of Water Pollution	207	(3)
Air Quality	210	(11)
Animal Feeding Operations	221	(1)
Environmental Health Issues	222	(1)
Community Health Issues	223	(8)
Musculoskeletal Diseases in Agriculture	231	(32)
Introduction	231	(1)
Definitions	231	(1)
Work-Related Disorders	232	(1)
Epidemiology	232	(1)
Chronic Pain Conditions	232	(3)
Injuries of the Neck	235	(2)
Injuries of the Spine	237	(5)
Injuries of the Shoulder	242	(2)
Injuries of the Elbow, Wrist, and Hand	244	(4)
Injuries of the Hip	248	(2)
Injuries of the Knee, Ankle, and Foot	250	(3)
General Disorders, Infections, and Reactive Arthritis	253	(10)
Physical Factors Affecting Health in Agriculture	263	(18)
Noise and Hearing Loss	263	(6)
Vibration and Injuries Related to Vibration	269	(3)
Disorders Due to Heat and Cold	272	(4)
Climate and Physical and Mental Capability	276	(5)
Psychosocial Conditions in Agriculture	281	(22)
Introduction and Overview	281	(1)
Stress and Stress-Related Health Disorders	282	(12)
Alcohol-Related Health Problems	294	(1)
Suicides and Suicide Prevention	295	(8)
Acute Agricultural Injuries	303	(38)
Introduction	303	(1)
Agricultural Injury Statistics and Epidemiology	303	(12)
Medical Considerations of Acute Agricultural Injuries	315	(1)
First on the Scene/First Aid---General	316	(2)
First Responders and Emergency Medical Treatment, Rescue/Extrication, and Transport	318	(2)
Emergency Room---General	320	(1)
Primary Care---General	320	(1)
Secondary/Tertiary Care---General	321	(1)
Rehabilitation---General	321	(1)
Hazards and Injuries	322	(15)
Summary	337	(4)
Veterinary Biological and Therapeutic Occupational Hazards	341	(16)
Introduction	341	(1)
Veterinary Biologicals	342	(2)
Antibiotics	344	(7)
Hormones Used for Growth Promotion	351	(1)
Hormones Used in Veterinary Obstetrics	352	(1)
Other Veterinary Pharmaceuticals	352	(1)
Control and Prevention	353	(4)
Zoonotic Diseases: An Overview	357	(24)
Introduction	357	(1)
Classification of Zoonotic Infections	358	(23)
Prevention of Illness and Injury in Agricultural Populations	381	(30)
Introduction	381	(1)
The Farm Worker	382	(1)
Types of Prevention Strategies	383	(24)
Summary	407	(4)
Index	411