America and Its Peoples: A Mosaic in the Making, Volume II (Chapters 16 - 32)

by Martin, James Kirby; Roberts, Randy; Mintz, Steven; McMurry, Linda O.; Jones, James H.

• ISBN13: 9780321162151
• ISBN10: 0321162153
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Now in its Fifth Edition, America and Its Peoples presents American history filled with the drama and conflict that holds the attention of all students. Social historywith an emphasis on sports, leisure, and popular cultureis effectively integrated with more traditional coverage of military history, politics, and diplomacy. This edition highlights the rich ethnic diversity of the American people with vivid character sketches, colorful anecdotes, primary sources, new pedagogy, and a spirited narrative.

Table of Contents

Maps	xix
Tables and Figures	xxi
Features	xxiii
Preface	xxv
About the Authors	xxxiii
The Nation Reconstructed: North, South, and the West, 1865--1877	420	(32)
Thomas Pinckney Confronts His Former Slaves	421	(2)
Postwar Conditions and Issues	423	(4)
The War's Impact on Individuals
Unresolved Issues
Presidential Reconstruction	427	(2)
Lincoln's Plan
Johnson's Plan
Black Codes in the South
Congressional Reconstruction	429	(5)
``Radical'' Reconstruction
Black Suffrage
Reconstruction in the South	434	(7)
Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and Black Republicans
Character of Republican Rule
Black and White Economic and Social Adaptation
Violent White Resistance
Reconstruction in the North and West	441	(7)
Northern Shifts in Attitudes
Western Expansion, Racism, and Native Americans
Final Retreat from Reconstruction
Conclusion	448
Chronology of Key Events	448	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	449	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	449	(1)
Media Resources	450	(1)
Key Terms	451	(1)
People You Should Know	451	(1)
Review Questions	451
The American Mosaic: Day of Jubilo: Slaves Confront Emancipation	424	(16)
The People Speak: Testimony Against the Klan	440	(12)
Emergence as an Economic Power	452	(36)
White City: The World's Columbian Exposition	453	(2)
America: Land of Plenty	455	(3)
Mineral and Geographic Possibilities
Technological Change
An Expanding Railroad Network
Creating a Favorable Climate: The Role of Ideology, Politics, and Finance	458	(4)
Social Darwinism and the Gospel of Wealth
Laissez-Faire in Theory and Practice
Corporations and Capital Formation
The Rise of Big Business	462	(5)
Controlling Competition
New Managerial Styles and an Expanding Middle Class
Mass Marketing, Assembly Lines, and Mass Production
The Power of Bigness
Varieties of Economic Change in the West and South	467	(8)
Western Expansion and Exploitation
The Changing Nature of Farming
The New South
Working in Industrial America	475	(8)
The Conditions of Work
Worker Discontent
Early Labor Violence
Unorganized and Organized Labor
Conclusion	483
Chronology of Key Events	483	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	484	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	484	(1)
Media Resources	484	(2)
Key Terms	486	(1)
People You Should Know	487	(1)
Review Questions	487
The American Mosaic: The Wild West	470
The People Speak: The Gospel of Wealth	459	(29)
The Rise of an Urban Society and City People	488	(32)
Lizzie Borden: Victorian Woman and Murderer	489	(2)
The New Immigrants	491	(3)
``Birds of Passage''
In Search of a New Home
Nativism: The Anti-Immigrant Reaction	494	(3)
Sources of Conflict
Closing the Golden Door
New Cities and New Problems	497	(6)
City Technology
The Segregated City
The Problems of Growth
From Private City to Public City
City Culture	503	(5)
Night Life and Day Life
From the Genteel Tradition to Realism and Naturalism
Describing the Urban Jungle
Painting Urban Reality
The Sounds of the City
Entertaining the Multitudes	508	(9)
Of Fields and Cities
``I Can Lick Any Sonofabitch in the House''
The Excluded Americans
From Central Park to Coney Island
The Magic of the Flickering Image
The Agony of Painless Escape
Conclusion	517
Chronology of Key Events	516	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	517	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	517	(1)
Media Resources	518	(1)
Key Terms	518	(1)
People You Should Know	519	(1)
Review Questions	519
The American Mosaic: College Football Wars	510
The People Speak: How the Other Half Lives	502	(18)
End-of-the-Century Crisis	520	(30)
The Election of 1896: ``Free Silver'' vs. The Gold Standard	521	(2)
Equilibrium and Inertia: The National Political Scene	523	(5)
Divided Power: The Parties and the Federal Government
Subtle Differences: The Bases of Party Loyalty
The Business of Politics: Party Organization
The Struggle for Inclusion: Women and Politics
Style over Substance: Government in the Gilded Age, 1877--1892	528	(5)
Hayes and the ``Money Question''
Garfield, Arthur, and the Patronage Issue
Cleveland, the Railroads, and Tariffs
Harrison and Big Business
Legislative Activity on Minority Rights and Social Issues
Revolt of the West and South	533	(5)
Grievances: Real and Imagined
The Farmers Organize
The Agrarian Agenda
Emergence of the Populist Party
Depression and Turbulence in the 1890s	538	(9)
The Roots and Results of the Depression
Expressions of Worker Discontent
Deteriorating Race Relations
The Tide Turns: The Election of 1896
Conclusion	547
Chronology of Key Events	546	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	547	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	547	(1)
Media Resources	548	(1)
Key Terms	549	(1)
People You Should Know	549	(1)
Review Questions	549
The American Mosaic: ``Rise Brothers!'': The Black Response to Jim Crow	544
The People Speak: Senator William Alfred Peffer, ``The Mission of the Populist Party''	539	(11)
Imperial America, 1870-1900	550	(26)
President Grant's Dreams of Expansion	551	(1)
Congressional Control and the Reduction of American Power	552	(2)
Trimming the State Department
Reducing the Military
Seward's Dream
The Spirit of American Greatness	554	(4)
American Exceptionalism
Sense of Duty
Search for Markets
The New Navy
Large Policy
The Emergence of Aggression in American Foreign Policy	558	(3)
Confronting the Germans in Samoa
Teaching Chile a Lesson
Plucking the Hawaiian Pear
Facing Down the British
The War for Empire	561	(12)
The Spirit of the 1890s
The Cuban Revolution
The Yellow Press
The Spanish-American War
Freeing Cuba
The Imperial Debate
The War to Crush Filipino Independence
Keeping the Doors Open
Conclusion	573
Chronology of Key Events	573	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	574	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	574	(1)
Media Resources	574	(1)
Key Terms	575	(1)
People You Should Know	575	(1)
Review Questions	575
The American Mosaic: Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders	568
The People Speak: March of the Flag	555	(21)
The Progressive Struggle, 1900--1917	576	(36)
Theodore Roosevelt and the Coal Miners' Strike of 1902	577	(2)
The Progressive Impulse	579	(4)
America in 1901
Voices for Change
The Muckrakers
Progressives in Action	583	(10)
The Drive to Organize
Urban Beginnings
Reform Reaches the State Level
Progressivism Moves to the National Level	593	(6)
Roosevelt and New Attitudes Toward Government Power
Taft and Quiet Progressivism
Wilson and Moral Progressivism
Progressivism in the International Arena	599	(4)
Big Stick Diplomacy
Dollar Diplomacy
Missionary Diplomacy
Progressive Accomplishments, Progressive Failures	603	(4)
The Impact of Legislation
Winners and Losers
Conclusion	607
Chronology of Key Events	608	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	609	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	609	(1)
Media Resources	609	(2)
Key Terms	611	(1)
People You Should Know	611	(1)
Review Questions	611
The American Mosaic: The White Plague	584	(5)
The People Speak: An Account of the Proceedings of the Trial of Susan B. Anthony	589	(23)
The United States and World War I	612	(30)
Randolph Bourne Argues Against War	613	(1)
The Road to War	614	(10)
The Guns of August
American Neutrality
Allied Violations of Neutrality
Submarine Warfare
Preparedness Campaign
The Election of 1916
The End of Neutrality
American Industry Goes to War	624	(2)
Voluntarism
``Hooverizing''
Peace with Labor
Financing the War
The American Public Goes to War	626	(5)
Selling the War
Political Repression
Warfare Reform
African Americans and the Great Migration
The War Front	631	(1)
The War at Sea
Raising an Army
The Defeat of Germany
Social Unrest After the War	632	(2)
Mounting Racial Tension
Labor Unrest and the Red Scare
The Treaty of Versailles	634	(5)
The Fourteen Points
Discord Among the Victors
The Struggle for Ratification
The Election of 1920
Conclusion	639
Chronology of Key Events	639	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	640	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	640	(1)
Media Resources	640	(1)
Key Terms	641	(1)
People You Should Know	641	(1)
Review Questions	641
The American Mosaic: The First Day of the Somme	620	(4)
The People Speak: Woodrow Wilson, Address to Congress (1917)	624	(18)
Modern Times, 1920--1929	642	(26)
Margaret Sanger, Birth Control Pioneer	643	(1)
The Emergence of Modern America	644	(5)
Urban Growth
The Rise of a Consumer Economy
The Formation of Modern American Culture	649	(4)
Mass Entertainment
Spectator Sports
Low-Brow and Middle-Brow Culture
The Avant-Garde
The Sex Debate
The Clash of Cultures	653	(7)
The New Woman
Prohibition
The Scopes Trial
Xenophobia and Restricting Immigration
The Ku Klux Klan
African American Protests
The Harlem Renaissance
The Republican Restoration	660	(2)
Handsome Harding
Silent Cal
The Twilight of Progressivism
The Election of 1928
The Great Crash	662	(3)
Speculative Manias
The Market Crashes
Why It Happened
Conclusion	665
Chronology of Key Events	665	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	666	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	666	(1)
Media Resources	666	(1)
Key Terms	667	(1)
People You Should Know	667	(1)
Review Questions	667
The American Mosaic: The Sexual Revolution of the Early 1900s	654
The People Speak: Margaret Sanger, ``Happiness in Marriage'' (1926)	646	(22)
The Age of Roosevelt	668	(26)
Woody Guthrie: Balladeer of the Great Depression	669	(1)
The Great Depression in Global Perspective	670	(1)
The Human Toll	671	(1)
The Dispossessed
Private and Public Charity
President Herbert Hoover Responds	672	(1)
Conservative Responses
Government Loans
Franklin Roosevelt and the First New Deal	673	(10)
The Election of 1932
The First 100 Days
The New Dealers
The Farmer's Plight
The National Recovery Administration
Jobs Programs
Roosevelt's Critics
The Second New Deal	683	(2)
The Wagner Act
Social Security
The Election of 1936
The New Deal, Women, and Minority Groups	685	(3)
Women
African Americans
Mexican Americans
Native Americans
The New Deal in Decline	688	(1)
Court Packing
The Depression of 1937
Popular Culture During the Great Depression	689	(1)
Artistic and Literary Endeavors
Hollywood During the Great Depression
Conclusion	690
Chronology of Key Events	691	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	692	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	692	(1)
Media Resources	692	(1)
Key Terms	693	(1)
People You Should Know	693	(1)
Review Questions	693
The American Mosaic: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study	674	(12)
The People Speak: Frances Perkins, ``The Social Security Act'' (1935)	686	(8)
The End of Isolation: America Faces the World, 1920--1945	694	(36)
The Allies Liberate Auschwitz	695	(2)
Diplomacy Between the Wars	697	(1)
American Diplomacy During the 1920s
United States Policy Toward Latin America
The Isolationist Mirage
The Coming of World War II	698	(9)
Hitler and Germany
Italy and Mussolini
Japanese Aggression for the East
Alliances for Expansion
The American Response to Hitler
War Begins
``The Arsenal of Democracy''
A Collision Course in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor
America Mobilizes for War	707	(3)
Mobilizing the Economy
Taming Inflation
Election of 1944
Molding Public Opinion
Social Changes During the War	710	(5)
Women
African Americans
Mexican Americans
Fear of Enemy Aliens
Internment of Japanese Americans
The War in Europe	715	(5)
The Grand Alliance
Early Axis Victories
Stemming the German Tide
Liberating Europe
The Yalta Conference
The War in the Pacific	720	(5)
Island Hopping
The Dawn of the Atomic Age
The Manhattan Project
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Conclusion	725
Chronology of Key Events	726	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	727	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	727	(1)
Media Resources	728	(1)
Key Terms	729	(1)
People You Should Know	729	(1)
Review Questions	729
The American Mosaic: Hiroshima and Nagasaki	722
The People Speak: Election Promises Should Be Kept	705	(13)
Map Essay: Landings on D-Day: The Longest Day	718	(12)
Waging Peace and War	730	(26)
The Hiss-Chambers Affair	731	(2)
Containing the Russian Bear	733	(5)
Origins of the Cold War
A World Divided
Tough Talk
The Marshall Plan: ``Saving Western Europe''
The Containment Policy	738	(6)
Berlin Test
Troubling Times
The Korean War
The Cold War at Home	744	(4)
Adjusting to Peace
Confronting the Demands of Labor
Failure of the Fair Deal
Searching for the Enemy Within
The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy
The Paranoid Style	748	(5)
HUAC Goes to Hollywood
``What's Wrong with Our Kids Today?''
Conclusion	753
Chronology of Key Events	753	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	754	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	754	(1)
Media Resources	754	(1)
Key Terms	755	(1)
People You Should Know	755	(1)
Review Questions	755
The American Mosaic: The Kefauver Crime Committee	750
The People Speak: NSC-68	741	(15)
Ike's America	756	(26)
The Murder of Emmett Till	757	(2)
Quiet Changes	759	(9)
``I Like Ike''
``Dynamic Conservatism''
A Country on Wheels
Ike, Dulles, and the World
A New Face in Moscow
1956: The Dangerous Year
The Troubled Second Term
Sputnik and Sputtering Rockets
Third-World Challenges
Not with a Bang, But a Whimper
We Shall Overcome	768	(6)
Taking Jim Crow to Court
A Failure of Leadership
The Word from Montgomery
The Sounds of Change	774	(5)
Father Knows Best
The Other Side of the Coin
The Meaning of Elvis
A Different Beat
Conclusion	779
Chronology of Key Events	779	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	780	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	780	(1)
Media Resources	780	(1)
Key Terms	781	(1)
People You Should Know	781	(1)
Review Questions	781
The American Mosaic: Integration in Sports	770	(6)
The People Speak: Images and Illusions	776	(6)
Vietnam and the Crisis of Authority	782	(30)
Ho Chi Minh and the Struggle for an Independent Vietnam	783	(2)
The Illusion of Greatness	785	(3)
Television's President
The ``Macho'' Presidency
Something Short of Camelot
Cuba Libre Revisited
Vietnam: America's Longest War	788	(11)
A Small Corner of a Bigger Picture
Kennedy's Testing Ground
Texas Tough in the Gulf of Tonkin
Lyndon's War
To Tet and Beyond
The Politics of a Divided Nation
The Tortuous Path Toward Peace	799	(10)
Outsiders on the Inside
Vietnamization: The Idea and the Process
A ``Decent Interval''
The Legacy of the War
Conclusion	809
Chronology of Key Events	808	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	809	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	810	(1)
Media Resources	810	(1)
Key Terms	811	(1)
People You Should Know	811	(1)
Review Questions	811
The American Mosaic: My Lai and the Question of War Ethics	806
The People Speak: Bloods	798
Map Essay: Logistics in a Guerrilla War: The Longest War	796	(16)
The Struggle for a Just Society	812	(36)
From Cassius Clay to Muhammad Ali	813	(3)
The Struggle for Racial Justice	816	(12)
Freedom Now
To the Heart of Dixie
``Bombingham''
Kennedy Finally Acts
The March on Washington
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Black Nationalism and Black Power
The Civil Rights Movement Moves North
The Great Society and the Drive for Equality
White Backlash
The Struggle Continues
The Youth Revolt	828	(2)
The New Left
The Making and Unmaking of a Counterculture
Liberation Movements	830	(13)
Women's Liberation
Sources of Discontent
Feminism Reborn
The Growth of Feminist Ideology
The Supreme Court and Sex Discrimination
The Equal Rights Amendment
Impact of the Women's Liberation Movement
¡Viva La Raza!
The Native American Power Movement
Gay and Lesbian Liberation
The Earth First
Conclusion	843
Chronology of Key Events	844	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	845	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	845	(1)
Media Resources	846	(1)
Key Terms	847	(1)
People You Should Know	847	(1)
Review Questions	847
The American Mosaic: Cesar Chavez and La Causa	838
The People Speak: Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham City Jail	820	(28)
Power Shifts: The Emergence of the South and West	848	(24)
John Wayne: Western Icon, Political Conservative	849	(2)
The Emergence of the Southern Rim	851	(4)
From the Long Hot Summer to the Sunbelt
A Shift in Race Relations
The Business of the South Is Business
The Myth and Reality of the West	855	(6)
Packaging the West
Washington and the West
From Extraction to Diversification
The Problems and Benefits of Growth
Politics Western Style	861	(8)
An Aberration or an Omen?
Shifting Party Loyalties
The Politics of Liberation
Conclusion	869
Chronology of Key Events	869	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	870	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	870	(1)
Media Resources	871	(1)
Key Terms	871	(1)
People You Should Know	871	(1)
Review Questions	871
The American Mosaic: The New Immigration	866
The People Speak: The Conscience of a Conservative	863	(9)
Crises and Resurgence, 1970--1990	872	(20)
The Watergate Break-In	873	(3)
Crisis of Political Leadership	876	(1)
Restraining the Imperial Presidency
New-Style Presidents
Wrenching Economic Transformations	877	(3)
The Age of Inflation
Oil Embargo
Foreign Competition and Deindustrialization
Whipping Stagflation
A New American Role in the World	880	(3)
Detente
Foreign Policy Triumphs
No Island of Stability
The Reagan Revolution	883	(6)
Reaganomics
The Reagan Doctrine
A Remarkable Ideological Turnaround
The Reagan Revolution in Perspective
Collapse of Communism
Conclusion	889
Chronology of Key Events	890
Chapter Summary and Key Points	889	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	890	(1)
Media Resources	891	(1)
Key Terms	891	(1)
People You Should Know	891	(1)
Review Questions	891
The American Mosaic: The End of Two Eras	886
The People Speak: The Watergate Tapes	875	(17)
America in Our Time	892
The Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001	893	(1)
The Globalization of the American Economy	894	(4)
The Resurgence of the American Economy
The New Economy
The Aftermath
The Politics of the Post-Cold War Era	898	(4)
A Kinder, Gentler Nation
Enter Bill Clinton
The Disputed Election of 2000
Compassionate Conservatism
The United States and the Post-Cold War World	902	(5)
Panama and the Persian Gulf
Humanitarian Intervention
September 11, 2001
Civil Liberties and National Security: Trying to Strike a Balance
Arab Americans and Muslim Americans
Conclusion: The Meaning of September 11th	907	(1)
Chronology of Key Events	910	(1)
Chapter Summary and Key Points	910	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	911	(1)
Media Resources	911	(1)
Key Terms	912	(1)
People You Should Know	912	(1)
Review Questions	912
The American Mosaic: Terrorism in Historical Perspective	908
The People Speak: International Reaction to the September 11, 2001, Attacks on New York City and the Pentagon in Washington	895	(9)
Map Essay: The First Crisis of the Post--Cold War Era: The Persian Gulf War	904
Appendix
The Declaration of Independence	2	(2)
The Constitution of the United States of America	4	(5)
Amendments to the Constitution	9	(5)
Presidential Elections	14	(4)
Present Day United States	18	(2)
Present Day World	20
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1