American Constitutional Law

by Mason, Alpheus Thomas; Stephenson, D. Grier

• ISBN13: 9780130335722
• ISBN10: 013033572X
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1993-01-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

This classic collection of carefully selected and edited Supreme Court case excerpts and comprehensive background essays explores constitutional law and the role of the Supreme Court in its development and interpretation. Well-grounded in both theory and politics, it displays the role of the U.S. Supreme Court as a legal AND political institution and as a major player in American government. It includes instructions for Reading a Supreme Court Decision. Using explanations and examples, walks readers through the task of ¿briefing (making a detailed outline of) and understanding a case.¿ Updates all essays and cases to reflect recent developments and decisions by the Supreme Court -- especially from the 1996-1997 Term -- during which the Court ¿rearranged more constitutional furniture than usual.¿ Expands the essay on Freedom of Expression to consider constitutional issues facing the electronic media (including the Internet). Features 9 new cases -- all decided by the Supreme Court since 1995 . Demonstrates the political significance of the cases that the Court decides by connecting them with what appears to be at stake when the President fills a vacancy on the Court. Features relevant extra-judicial material that highlight conflict among political and judicial actors over the proper role for the Supreme Court in American government.

Table of Contents

Preface
Introduction: A Political Supreme Court	p. 1
Constitutional Interpretation and Political Choice	p. 2
A Changing Judiciary	p. 3
The Politics of Supreme Court Appointments, 1968-1991	p. 6
Selected Readings on the Supreme Court, the Judicial Process and Constitutional Interpretation	p. 18
Selected Biographies	p. 20
Jurisdiction and Organization of the Federal Courts	p. 23
The Judicial Power	p. 23
Supreme Court Decision Making	p. 29
Source Materials	p. 32
Reading a Supreme Court Decision	p. 34
Selected Readings	p. 36
The Constitution, the Supreme Court, and Judicial Review	p. 38
Granting and Limiting Power	p. 38
The Doctrine of Judicial Review	p. 40
Approaches to Constitutional Interpretation	p. 44
Judging Self-Judged	p. 46
Entering the "Political Thicket"	p. 47
Judicial Review - A Distinctively American Contribution	p. 49
Selected Readings	p. 50
Unstaged Debate of 1788: Robert Yates v. Alexander Hamilton	p. 52
Marbury v. Madison (1803)	p. 55
Eakin v. Raub (1825)	p. 58
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)	p. 61
Ex Parte McCardle (1869)	p. 63
Baker v. Carr (1962)	p. 65
Reynolds v. Sims (1964)	p. 68
Davis v. Bandemer (1986)	p. 72
Missouri v. Jenkins (1990)	p. 76
Unstaged Debate on the Finality of Supreme Court Decisions: Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln v. The Supreme Court	p. 81
Unstaged Debate of 1986: Judge Bork v. Professor Tribe	p. 83
Congress, the Court, and the President	p. 86
Separation of Powers	p. 86
The Congress	p. 88
The President	p. 91
Selected Readings	p. 98
The Federalist, Numbers 47, 48, 51 (1788)	p. 100
Watkins v. United States (1957)	p. 102
Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983)	p. 104
Mistretta v. United States (1989)	p. 108
Missouri v. Holland (1920)	p. 115
United States v. Curtiss-Wright (1936)	p. 117
Korematsu v. United States (1944)	p. 118
Youngstown Co. v. Sawyer (1952)	p. 122
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)	p. 126
United States v. United States District Court (1972)	p. 126
United States v. Nixon (1974)	p. 130
Morrison v. Olson (1988)	p. 132
War Powers Resolution (1973)	p. 137
Dellums v. Bush (1990)	p. 139
Federalism	p. 144
Sources of Contention	p. 145
Nature of National Authority	p. 146
Concepts of Federalism	p. 147
Contemporary Federalism	p. 151
The Tenth Amendment Resuscitated?	p. 153
Selected Readings	p. 155
Chisholm v. Georgia (1793)	p. 157
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	p. 159
Cohens v. Virginia (1821)	p. 165
Texas v. White (1869)	p. 169
New York v. United States (1946)	p. 171
National League of Cities v. Usery (1976)	p. 173
Pacific Gas and Electric Co. v. Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission (1983)	p. 177
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985)	p. 179
Commerce Power and State Power	p. 184
Views of the Framers	p. 184
The Marshall Doctrine	p. 186
The Doctrine of the Taney Court	p. 188
Commerce Power and State Action: 1865-1890	p. 189
State Legislation and the Commerce Power: 1890-1992	p. 190
A Continuing Judicial Role	p. 193
Selected Readings	p. 194
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)	p. 195
Cooley v. Board of Wardens (1851)	p. 199
Leisy v. Hardin (1890)	p. 201
Southern Pacific v. Arizona (1945)	p. 203
Philadelphia v. New Jersey (1978)	p. 206
Reeves, Inc. v. Stake (1980)	p. 209
Congressional Power Under the Commerce Clause	p. 213
The Need for National Action	p. 213
Judicial Choices in Constitutional Interpretation	p. 214
The New Deal in Court	p. 215
The Court-packing Threat	p. 217
A Switch in Time	p. 220
The National View of Commerce	p. 221
Selected Readings	p. 223
United States v. E. C. Knight (1895)	p. 225
Champion v. Ames (1903)	p. 227
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)	p. 229
Stafford v. Wallace (1922)	p. 231
Carter v. Carter Coal Co. (1936)	p. 232
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937)	p. 236
United States v. Darby (1941)	p. 238
Wickard v. Filburn (1942)	p. 240
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States; Katzenbach v. McClung (1964)	p. 242
National League of Cities v. Usery (1976)	p. 244
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985)	p. 244
National Taxing and Spending Power	p. 245
Limitations Through Interpretation	p. 246
Direct and Indirect Taxes	p. 247
Regulation Through Taxation	p. 248
Selected Readings	p. 251
Hylton v. United States (1796)	p. 253
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company (1895)	p. 254
McCray v. United States (1904)	p. 257
United States v. Butler (1936)	p. 258
Steward Machine Co. v. Davis (1937)	p. 261
New York v. United States	p. 263
South Dakota v. Dole (1987)	p. 263
The Contract Clause, Property Rights, and the Development of Due Process	p. 266
The Doctrine of Vested Rights	p. 267
Expansion of the Contract Clause	p. 268
Development of the Police Power	p. 270
The Origins of Due Process	p. 271
Judicial Restraint and the Fourteenth Amendment	p. 272
The Fourteenth Amendment Judicially Amended	p. 273
Measuring the Immeasurable	p. 275
The Brandeis Brief	p. 276
The Decline of Substantive Due Process	p. 277
Search for a Role: The Carolene Products Footnote	p. 278
Takings, Land Use, and the Fifth Amendment	p. 279
The "New Property" and Due Process of Law	p. 280
Selected Readings	p. 283
Calder v. Bull (1798)	p. 285
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)	p. 287
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)	p. 290
Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934)	p. 292
Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)	p. 295
Munn v. Illinois (1877)	p. 299
Unstaged Debate of 1893: Justice Brewer v. Professor Thayer	p. 303
Lochner v. New York (1905)	p. 306
Nebbia v. New York (1934)	p. 308
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937)	p. 310
Ferguson v. Skrupa (1963)	p. 313
Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff (1984)	p. 314
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987)	p. 316
Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Haslip (1991)	p. 319
Criminal Justice and the Nationalization of the Bill of Rights	p. 326
The Bill of Rights	p. 327
The Argument for Incorporation	p. 328
The Double Standard - State and Federal Criminal Justice	p. 330
Criminal Justice Today - Fourth Amendment Issues	p. 332
Fifth and Sixth Amendment Issues	p. 340
Eighth Amendment Issues	p. 344
A New Double Standard?	p. 346
Selected Readings	p. 348
Jefferson-Madison Correspondence, 1787-89	p. 349
Palko v. Connecticut (1937)	p. 351
Adamson v. California (1947)	p. 353
Duncan v. Louisiana (1968)	p. 355
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)	p. 358
United States v. Leon (1984)	p. 360
Olmstead v. United States (1928)	p. 364
Katz v. United States (1967)	p. 367
United States v. United States District Court (1972)	p. 370
Terry v. Ohio (1968)	p. 370
Chimel v. California (1969)	p. 373
United States v. Robinson (1973)	p. 374
Arkansas v. Sanders (1979)	p. 377
California v. Acevedo (1991)	p. 379
California v. Greenwood(1988)	p. 383
Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives' Association (1989)	p. 385
Powell v. Alabama (1932)	p. 390
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)	p. 392
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)	p. 394
Rhode Island v. Innis (1980)	p. 397
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)	p. 399
McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)	p. 402
Freedom of Expression	p. 407
The Nationalization of the First Amendment	p. 407
The Tests of Freedom	p. 408
Internal Security	p. 409
Speech and Assembly: The Right to Protest	p. 411
Freedom of Association	p. 415
The Electoral Process	p. 415
Freedom of the Press	p. 417
Are There Preferred Freedoms?	p. 421
Selected Readings	p. 423
Schenck v. United States (1919)	p. 425
Gitlow v. New York (1925)	p. 426
Whitney v. California (1927)	p. 427
Dennis v. United States (1951)	p. 429
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)	p. 434
United States v. O'Brien (1968)	p. 437
Texas v. Johnson (1989)	p. 439
Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc. (1991)	p. 444
New York State Club Association v. New York City (1988)	p. 448
Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois (1990)	p. 450
New York Times Company v. Sullivan (1964)	p. 455
New York Times Company v. United States (1971)	p. 457
Branzburg v. Hayes (1972)	p. 462
Miller v. California (1973)	p. 464
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)	p. 468
Religious Liberty	p. 472
Constitutional Context	p. 472
The Establishment Clause	p. 473
The Free Exercise Clause	p. 476
Free Exercise Versus Non-Establishment	p. 478
Selected Readings	p. 480
Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940)	p. 481
Justice Frankfurter to Justice Stone, May 27, 1940: A Qualified Plea for Judicial Self-Restraint	p. 484
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)	p. 486
Sherbert v. Verner (1963)	p. 488
School District of Abington Township v. Schempp (1963)	p. 490
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)	p. 494
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)	p. 498
County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union (1989)	p. 502
Oregon Department of Human Resources v. Smith (1990)	p. 507
Privacy	p. 512
Dimensions of Privacy	p. 512
Private Law and Public Law Beginnings	p. 513
Constitutional Penumbras	p. 515
Abortion	p. 516
A Developing Concept	p. 519
Selected Readings	p. 522
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)	p. 523
Roe v. Wade (1973)	p. 526
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)	p. 531
Rust v. Sullivan (1991)	p. 540
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)	p. 545
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Public Health (1990)	p. 549
Equal Protection of the Laws	p. 556
"Separate But Equal"	p. 557
Voting	p. 562
Gender, Alienage, and the "New" Equal Protection	p. 564
State Action, Equal Access, and Congressional Protection of Civil Rights	p. 567
Affirmative Action	p. 571
Selected Readings	p. 575
Civil Rights Cases (1883)	p. 577
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)	p. 579
Korematsu v. United States (1944)	p. 581
Brown v. Board of Education (First Case) (1954)	p. 582
Bolling v. Sharpe (1954)	p. 583
Brown v. Board of Education (Second Case) (1955)	p. 584
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)	p. 585
Shapiro v. Thompson (1969)	p. 588
Moose Lodge v. Irvis (1972)	p. 590
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)	p. 593
Craig v. Boren (1976)	p. 595
Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)	p. 597
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982)	p. 600
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)	p. 603
Richmond v. Croson Co. (1989)	p. 607
The Constitution of the United States of America	p. 613
Table 1: Justices of the Supreme Court 1789-1992	p. 625
Table 2: Presidents and Justices	p. 628
Index of Cases	p. 633
Index of Names	p. 641
Noteworthy Decisions: 1991-92 Term	p. 645
R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul	p. 645
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey	p. 648
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