American Constitutional Law

by Mason, Alpheus Thomas; Stephenson, Donald Grier

• ISBN13: 9780130932938
• ISBN10: 0130932930
• Edition: 13th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

This classic collection of carefully selected and edited Supreme Court case excerpts and comprehensive background essays explores constitutional law and the role of the Supreme Court in its development and interpretation. Well-grounded in both theory and politics, it displays the role of the U.S. Supreme Court as a legal AND political institution and as a major player in American government. Features 10 cases decided in 2000; several quick-reference charts, tables, graphs, and maps; and an easy-access section on "How to Read a Supreme Court Case." Introduction: A Political Supreme Court. Jurisdiction and Organization of the Federal Courts. The Constitution, the Supreme Court, and Judicial Congress, the Court, and the President. Federalism. The Electoral Process. The Commerce Clause. National Taxing and Spending Power. Property Rights and the Development of Due Process. Criminal Justice and the Nationalization of the Bill of Rights (drive for a Bill of Rights; nationalization of the Bill of Rights; the exclusionary rule; searches and seizures; right to counsel and self-incrimination; capital punishment). Freedom of Expression (internal security; protest and symbolic speech; freedom of association; print and electronic media). Religious Liberty. Privacy. Equal Protection of the Laws. For those interested in American Constitutional Law, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, American Constitutional History or Development.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction A Political Supreme Court	1	(1)
Constitutional Interpretation and Political Choice	2	(1)
A Changing Judiciary	3	(3)
Appointment Politics, 1968--1984	6	(4)
Appointment Politics, 1984--1992	10	(6)
The Clinton Years	16	(4)
Key Terms	20	(1)
Queries	20	(1)
Selected Readings on Federal Judicial Appointments	21	(1)
Selected Readings on the Supreme Court	21	(2)
Selected Biographies	23	(1)
Jurisdiction and Organization of the Federal Courts	24	(17)
The Judicial Power	24	(6)
Supreme Court Decision Making	30	(4)
Source Materials	34	(4)
Reading a Supreme Court Decision	38	(1)
Key Terms	39	(1)
Queries	39	(1)
Selected Readings	40	(1)
The Constitution, the Supreme Court, and Judicial Review	41	(39)
Granting and Limiting Power	41	(2)
The Doctrine of Judicial Review	43	(4)
Finality of Supreme Court Decisions	47	(2)
Approaches to Constitutional Interpretation	49	(2)
Judging Self-Judged	51	(2)
Judicial Review---A Distinctively American Contribution	53	(1)
Key Terms	54	(1)
Queries	54	(1)
Selected Readings	54	(2)
Unstaged Debate of 1788: Robert Yates v. Alexander Hamilton	56	(4)
Marbury v. Madison (1803)	60	(4)
Eakin v. Raub (1825)	64	(3)
Scott v. Sandford (1857)	67	(3)
Ex parte McCardle (1869)	70	(1)
Baker v. Carr (1962)	71	(1)
City of Boerne v. Flores (1997)	72	(3)
Unstaged Debate on the Finality of Supreme Court Decisions: Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, and Arkansas v. The Supreme Court	75	(2)
Unstaged Debate of 1986: Judge Bork v. Professor Tribe	77	(3)
Congress, the Court, and the President	80	(66)
Separation of Powers	80	(2)
The Congress	82	(3)
The President	85	(4)
Foreign and Defense Policy	89	(4)
Key Terms	93	(1)
Queries	93	(1)
Selected Readings	94	(1)
Watkins v. United States (1957)	95	(3)
Barenblatt v. United States (1959)	98	(2)
Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983)	100	(3)
Mistretta v. United States (1989)	103	(4)
Ex parte Milligan (1866)	107	(2)
Missouri v. Holland (1920)	109	(2)
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)	111	(2)
Korematsu v. United States (1944)	113	(4)
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)	117	(5)
United States v. United States District Court (1972)	122	(3)
United States v. Nixon (1974)	125	(3)
Nixon v. Fitzgerald (1982)	128	(3)
Morrison v. Olson (1988)	131	(3)
War Powers Resolution (1973)	134	(2)
Clinton v. Jones (1977)	136	(4)
Clinton v. City of New York (1998)	140	(6)
Federalism	146	(50)
Sources of Contention	147	(1)
Nature of National Authority	148	(3)
Concepts of Federalism	151	(4)
The Return of Dual Federalism	155	(5)
Key Terms	160	(1)
Queries	160	(1)
Selected Readings	160	(2)
Chisholm v. Georgia (1793)	162	(2)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	164	(6)
Cobens v. Virginia (1821)	170	(5)
Texas v. White (1869)	175	(2)
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985)	177	(4)
U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton (1995)	181	(5)
United States v. Morrison (2000)	186	(5)
Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents (2000)	191	(5)
The Electoral Process	196	(52)
Voting	197	(3)
Representation	200	(2)
Party Politics and Campaigns	202	(4)
Key Terms	206	(1)
Queries	206	(1)
Selected Readings	207	(1)
Baker v. Carr (1962)	208	(3)
Reynolds v. Sims (1964)	211	(5)
Davis v. Bandemer (1986)	216	(4)
Shaw v. Reno (1993)	220	(6)
Miller v. Johnson (1995)	226	(3)
California Democratic Party v. Jones (2000)	229	(5)
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)	234	(5)
Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois (1990)	239	(5)
Bush v. Gore (2000)	244	(4)
The Commerce Clause	248	(61)
Views of the Framers	249	(1)
The Marshall Doctrine	250	(2)
The Doctrine of the Taney Court	252	(1)
States and the Commerce Clause Today	253	(3)
Beginnings of National Action Under the Commerce Clause	256	(3)
Constitutional Crisis	259	(5)
The Commerce Power Reborn	264	(2)
A Return to Limitations	266	(1)
Key Terms	267	(1)
Queries	267	(1)
Selected Readings	268	(1)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)	269	(5)
Cooley v. Board of Wardens (1851)	274	(2)
Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona (1945)	276	(3)
Philadelphia v. New Jersey (1978)	279	(3)
Reeves, Inc. v. Stake (1980)	282	(4)
United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895)	286	(2)
Champion v. Ames (1903)	288	(2)
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)	290	(2)
Stafford v. Wallace (1922)	292	(2)
Carter v. Carter Coal Co. (1936)	294	(4)
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937)	298	(3)
Wickard v. Filburn (1942)	301	(2)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States; Katzenbach v. McClung (1964)	303	(1)
United States v. Lopez (1995)	304	(4)
United States v. Morrison (2000)	308	(1)
National Taxing and Spending Power	309	(26)
Direct and Indirect Taxes	310	(1)
Regulation Through Taxation	311	(3)
Regulation Through Spending	314	(1)
Key Terms	315	(1)
Queries	315	(1)
Selected Readings	315	(2)
Hylton v. United States (1796)	317	(1)
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Company (1895)	318	(4)
McCray v. United States (1904)	322	(1)
United States v. Butler (1936)	323	(3)
South Dakota v. Dole (1987)	326	(3)
National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley (1998)	329	(6)
Property Rights and the Development of Due Process	335	(61)
The Doctrine of Vested Rights	336	(1)
The Expansion of the Contract Clause	337	(2)
The Twilight of the Contract Clause	339	(1)
Origins of Due Process	340	(1)
Judicial Restraint and the Fourteenth Amendment	341	(2)
Judicial Activism and the Fourteenth Amendment	343	(4)
Search for a Role: Footnote Four	347	(1)
Takings, Land Use, and the Fifth Amendment	348	(1)
``New Property'' and Due Process of Law	349	(3)
Key Terms	352	(1)
Queries	352	(1)
Selected Readings	353	(1)
Calder v. Bull (1798)	354	(2)
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)	356	(3)
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)	359	(3)
Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934)	362	(4)
Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)	366	(5)
Munn v. Illinois (1877)	371	(4)
Unstaged Debate of 1893: Justice Brewer v. Professor Thayer	375	(3)
Lochner v. New York (1905)	378	(3)
Nebbia v. New York (1934)	381	(2)
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937)	383	(3)
Ferguson v. Skrupa (1963)	386	(1)
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987)	387	(3)
Saenz v. Roe (1999)	390	(6)
Criminal Justice and the Nationalization of the Bill of Rights	396	(89)
The Bill of Rights	397	(1)
Incorporation: Applying the Bill of Rights to the States	398	(2)
The (Old) Double Standard	400	(3)
Fourth Amendment Issues	403	(9)
Fifth and Sixth Amendment Issues	412	(3)
Eighth Amendment Issues	415	(4)
The New Judicial Federalism: A New Double Standard	419	(1)
Key Terms	419	(1)
Queries	420	(1)
Selected Readings	420	(1)
Drive for a Bill of Rights	421	(3)
Jefferson-Madison Correspondence, 1787--1789	421	(3)
Nationalization of the Bill of Rights	424	(6)
Palko v. Connecticut (1937)	424	(1)
Adamson v. California (1947)	425	(3)
Duncan v. Louisiana (1968)	428	(2)
The Exclusionary Rule	430	(6)
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)	430	(2)
United States v. Leon (1984)	432	(4)
Searches and Seizures	436	(27)
Olmstead v. United States (1928)	436	(3)
Katz v. United States (1967)	439	(3)
United States v. United States District Court (1972)	442	(1)
Terry v. Ohio (1968)	442	(3)
Chimel v. California (1969)	445	(2)
United States v. Robinson (1973)	447	(2)
Arkansas v. Sanders (1979)	449	(2)
California v. Acevedo (1991)	451	(4)
Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives' Association (1989)	455	(5)
Minnesota v. Carter (1998)	460	(3)
Right to Counsel and Self-Incrimination	463	(13)
Powell v. Alabama (1932)	463	(2)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)	465	(2)
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)	467	(4)
Dickerson v. United States (2000)	471	(5)
Capital Punishment	476	(9)
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)	476	(4)
McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)	480	(5)
Freedom of Expression	485	(60)
Tests of Freedom	485	(2)
Internal Security	487	(3)
Speech and Assembly: The Right to Protest	490	(4)
Freedom of Association	494	(1)
Print and Electronic Media	495	(5)
Are There Preferred Freedoms?	500	(1)
Key Terms	501	(1)
Queries	501	(1)
Selected Readings	501	(2)
Internal Security	503	(9)
Schenck v. United States (1919)	503	(1)
Gitlow v. New York (1925)	504	(2)
Whitney v. California (1927)	506	(2)
Dennis v. United States (1951)	508	(4)
Protest and Symbolic Speech	512	(15)
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)	512	(2)
United States v. O'Brien (1968)	514	(3)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)	517	(5)
R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul (1992)	522	(3)
Wisconsin v. Mitchell (1993)	525	(2)
Freedom of Association	527	(4)
Boy Scouts of America and Monmouth Council v. Dale (2000)	527	(4)
Print and Electronic Media	531	(14)
New York Times Company v. Sullivan (1964)	531	(3)
New York Times Company v. United States (1971)	534	(4)
Miller v. California (1973)	538	(3)
Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union (1997)	541	(4)
Religious Liberty	545	(47)
Competing Visions	545	(2)
The Establishment Clause	547	(5)
The Free Exercise Clause	552	(3)
The Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses in Tension	555	(1)
Key Terms	556	(1)
Queries	556	(1)
Selected Readings	557	(1)
The Flag-Salute Cases	558	(8)
Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940)	558	(4)
Justice Frankfurter to Justice Stone, May 27, 1940: A Qualified Plea for Judicial Self-Restraint	562	(2)
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)	564	(2)
Sherbert v. Verner (1963)	566	(2)
School District of Abington Township v. Schempp (1963)	568	(4)
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)	572	(4)
Employment Division v. Smith (1990)	576	(4)
City of Boerne v. Flores (1997)	580	(1)
Agostini v. Felton (1997)	581	(5)
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)	586	(6)
Privacy	592	(40)
Dimensions of Privacy	592	(1)
Private Law and Public Law Beginnings	593	(2)
Constitutional Penumbras	595	(1)
Abortion	596	(4)
A Developing Concept	600	(3)
Key Terms	603	(1)
Queries	603	(1)
Selected Readings	603	(2)
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)	605	(3)
Roe v. Wade (1973)	608	(5)
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992)	613	(6)
Stenberg v. Carbart (2000)	619	(5)
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)	624	(4)
Washington v. Glucksberg (1997)	628	(4)
Equal Protection of the Laws	632	(62)
``Separate but Equal,''	633	(5)
Gender and the ``New'' Equal Protection	638	(3)
State Action and Congressional Protection of Civil Rights	641	(3)
Affirmative Action	644	(3)
Key Terms	647	(1)
Queries	648	(1)
Selected Readings	648	(1)
Civil Rights Cases (1883)	649	(3)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)	652	(2)
Korematsu v. United States (1944)	654	(1)
Brown v. Board of Education (First Case) (1954)	654	(2)
Bolling v. Sharpe (1954)	656	(1)
Brown v. Board of Education (Second Case) (1955)	657	(1)
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)	658	(2)
Shapiro v. Thompson (1969)	660	(3)
Moose Lodge v. Irvis (1972)	663	(2)
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973)	665	(4)
Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center (1985)	669	(3)
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)	672	(2)
Craig v. Boren (1976)	674	(2)
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982)	676	(4)
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)	680	(5)
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena (1995)	685	(4)
Romer v. Evans (1996)	689	(5)
Appendix	694	(20)
The Constitution of the United States of America	694	(11)
Table 1: Justices of the Supreme Court	705	(3)
Table 2: Presidents and Justices	708	(4)
The Declaration of Independence	712	(2)
Index of Cases	714	(9)
Index of Justices	723	(2)
Subject Index	725