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9781319209056

The American Promise: A Concise History, Volume 2

by ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781319209056

  • ISBN10:

    131920905X

  • Edition: 8th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2019-10-28
  • Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

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Summary

The American Promise, Concise Edition is a brief, affordable text that makes history relatable. Now with new co-authors, the eighth edition continues to deliver a strong narrative with political backbone and offers a new pedagogical design that reinforces that history is a discipline rooted in debate and inquiry. The American Promise, Concise Edition, includes the unabridged narrative, primary sources in each chapter, a full-color map and art program, and comprehensive supplement options, including LaunchPad and a free companion sourcebook.



Available for free when packaged with the print book, the popular digital assignment and assessment options for this text bring skill building and assessment to a more highly effective level. The greatest active learning options come in LaunchPad, which combines an accessible e-book with LearningCurve, an adaptive and automatically graded learning tool that—when assigned—helps ensure students read the book; the complete companion reader with comparative questions that help students build arguments from those sources; and many other study and assessment tools. For instructors who want the easiest and most affordable way to ensure students come to class prepared Achieve Read & Practice pairs LearningCurve, adaptive quizzing and our mobile, accessible Value Edition e-book, in one easy-to-use product.

Table of Contents

Please Note: The Combined Volume includes all chapters. Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16 and Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-31.



Preface


Versions and Supplements


Maps, Figures, and Tables


Special Features




16. Reconstruction, 1863-1877


An American Story: James T. Rapier emerges as Alabama’s most prominent black leader


Why did Congress object to Lincoln’s wartime plan for reconstruction?


"To Bind Up the Nation’s Wounds"


Land and Labor


The African American Quest for Autonomy


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Meaning of Freedom


How did the North respond to the passage of black codes in the southern states?


Johnson’s Program of Reconciliation


White Southern Resistance and Black Codes


Expansion of Federal Authority and Black Rights


How radical was congressional reconstruction?


The Fourteenth Amendment and Escalating Violence


Radical Reconstruction and Military Rule


Impeaching a President


The Fifteenth Amendment and Women’s Demands


What brought the elements of the South’s Republican coalition together?


Freedmen, Yankees, and Yeomen


Republican Rule


White Landlords, Black Sharecroppers


Why did Reconstruction collapse?


Grant’s Troubled Presidency


Northern Resolve Withers


White Supremacy Triumphs


An Election and a Compromise


Conclusion: Was Reconstruction "a revolution but half accomplished"?


Chapter Review




17. The Contested West, 1865-1900


An American Story: Frederick Jackson Turner delivers his "frontier thesis"


What did U.S. expansion mean for Native Americans?


Indian Removal and the Reservation System


The Decimation of the Great Bison Herds


The Santee Uprising and the Collapse of Comanchería


Red Cloud’s War and the Fight for the Black Hills


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "Custer’s Last Stand"


In what ways did different Indian groups defy and resist colonial rule?


Indian Schools and the War on Indian Culture


The Dawes Act and Indian Land Allotment


Indian Resistance and Survival


How did mining shape American expansion?


Life on the Comstock Lode


The Diverse Peoples of the West


How did the fight for land and resources in the West unfold?


Moving West: Homesteaders and Speculators


Tenants, Sharecroppers, and Migrants


Commercial Farming and Industrial Cowboys


Territorial Government


Conclusion: How did the West set the tone for the Gilded Age?


Chapter Review




18. The Gilded Age, 1865-1900


An American Story: The Big Four build the transcontinental railroad


How did the railroads stimulate big business?


Railroads: America’s First Big Business


Andrew Carnegie, Steel, and Vertical Integration


John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil, and the Trust


New Inventions: The Telephone and the Telegraph


Why did the ideas of social Darwinism appeal to many Americans in the late nineteenth century?


J. P. Morgan and Finance Capitalism


Social Darwinism, Laissez-Faire, and the Supreme Court


What factors influenced political life in the late nineteenth century?


Political Participation and Party Loyalty


Sectionalism and the New South


Gender, Race, and Politics


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Ida B. Wells and Her Campaign to Stop Lynching


Women’s Activism


What issues shaped party politics in the late nineteenth century?


Corruption and Party Strife


Garfield’s Assassination and Civil Service Reform


Reform and Scandal: The Campaign of 1884


Henry George and the Politics of Inequality


What role did economic issues play in party realignment?


The Tariff and the Politics of Protection


Railroads, Trusts, and the Federal Government


The Fight for Free Silver


Panic and Depression


Conclusion: Why did business dominate the Gilded Age?


Chapter Review




19. The City and Its Workers, 1870-1900


An American Story: Workers build the Brooklyn Bridge


Why did American cities experience explosive growth in the late nineteenth century?


The Urban Explosion: A Global Migration


Racism and the Cry for Immigration Restriction


The Social Geography of the City


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Seeing How the Other Half Lives: Jacob Riis, the Flash, and the Birth of Photojournalism


What kinds of work did people do in industrial America?


America’s Diverse Workers


The Family Economy: Women and Children


White-Collar Workers: Managers, "Typewriters," and Salesclerks


Why did the fortunes of the Knights of Labor rise in the late 1870s and decline in the 1890s?


The Great Railroad Strike of 1877


The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor


Haymarket and the Specter of Labor Radicalism


How did urban industrialism shape home life and the world of leisure?


Domesticity and "Domestics"


Cheap Amusements


How did municipal governments respond to the challenges of urban expansion?


Building Cities of Stone and Steel


City Government and the "Bosses"


New York and the Consolidation of the Capitalist Class


White City or City of Sin?


Conclusion: Who built the cities?


Chapter Review




20. Dissent, Depression, and War, 1890-1900


An American Story: Frances Willard helps create the Populist Party


Why did American farmers organize alliances in the late nineteenth century?


The Farmers’ Alliance


The Populist Movement


What led to the labor wars of the 1890s?


The Homestead Lockout


The Cripple Creek Miners’ Strike of 1894


Eugene V. Debs and the Pullman Strike


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Press and the Pullman Strike: Framing Class Conflict


How were women involved in late-nineteenth-century politics?


Frances Willard and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union


Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and the Movement for Woman Suffrage


How did economic problems affect American politics in the 1890s?


Coxey’s Army


The People’s Party and the Election of 1896


Why did the United States largely abandon its isolationist foreign policy in the 1890s?


Markets and Missionaries


The Monroe Doctrine and the Open Door Policy


"A Splendid Little War"


The Debate over American Imperialism


Conclusion: What was the connection between domestic strife and foreign policy?


Chapter Review




21. Progressive Reform, 1890-1916


An American Story: Jane Addams founds Hull House


How did grassroots progressives attack the problems of industrial America?


Civilizing the City


Progressives and the Working Class


What were the key tenets of progressive theory?


Reform Darwinism and Social Engineering


Progressive Government: City and State


How did Theodore Roosevelt advance the progressive agenda?


The Square Deal


Roosevelt the Reformer


Roosevelt and Conservation


The Big Stick


The Troubled Presidency of William Howard Taft


How did progressivism evolve during Woodrow Wilson’s first term?


Progressive Insurgency and the Election of 1912


Wilson’s Reforms: Tariff, Banking, and the Trusts


Wilson, Reluctant Progressive


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Child Labor


What were the limits of progressive reform?


Radical Alternatives


Progressivism for White Men Only


Conclusion: How did the Progressive Era give rise to the liberal state?


Chapter Review




22. World War I: The Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad, 1914-1920


An American Story: George Browne sees combat on the front lines in France


What was Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy agenda?


Taming the Americas


The European Crisis


The Ordeal of American Neutrality


The United States Enters the War


What role did the United States play in World War I?


The Call to Arms


The War in France


What impact did the war have on the home front?


The Progressive Stake in the War


Women, War, and the Battle for Suffrage


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Final Push for Woman Suffrage


Rally around the Flag—or Else


What part did Woodrow Wilson play at the Paris peace conference?


Wilson’s Fourteen Points


The Paris Peace Conference


The Fight for the Treaty


Why was America’s transition from war to peace so turbulent?


Economic Hardship and Labor Upheaval


The Red Scare


The Great Migrations of African Americans and Mexicans


Postwar Politics and the Election of 1920


Conclusion: Victory, but at what cost?


Chapter Review




23. From New Era to Great Depression, 1920-1932


An American Story: Henry Ford puts America on wheels


How did big business shape the "New Era" of the 1920s?


A Business Government


Promoting Prosperity and Peace Abroad


Automobiles, Mass Production, and Assembly-Line Progress


Consumer Culture


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Advertising in a Consumer Age


In what ways did the Roaring Twenties challenge traditional values?


Prohibition


The New Woman


The New Negro


Entertaining the Masses


The Lost Generation


Why did the relationship between urban and rural America deteriorate in the 1920s?


Rejecting the Undesirables


The Rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan


The Scopes Trial


Al Smith and the Election of 1928


How did President Hoover respond to the economic crash of 1929?


Herbert Hoover: The Great Engineer


The Distorted Economy


The Crash of 1929


Hoover and the Limits of Individualism


What impact did the economic depression have on everyday life?


The Human Toll


Denial and Escape


Working-Class Militancy


Conclusion: Why did the hope of the 1920s turn to despair?


Chapter Review




24. The New Deal Experiment, 1932-1939


An American Story: Florence Owens struggles to survive in the Great Depression


Why was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president in 1932?


The Making of a Politician


The Election of 1932


What were the goals and achievements of the first New Deal?


The New Dealers


Banking and Finance Reform


Relief and Conservation Programs


Agricultural Initiatives


Industrial Recovery


Who opposed the New Deal?


Resistance to Business Reform


Casualties in the Countryside


Politics on the Fringes


Why did the New Deal begin to create a welfare state?


Relief for the Unemployed


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Americans Encounter the New Deal


Empowering Labor


Social Security and Tax Reform


Neglected Americans and the New Deal


What did the New Deal lose support during Roosevelt’s second term as president?


The Election of 1936


Court Packing


Reaction and Recession


The Last of the New Deal Reforms


Conclusion: What were the achievements and limitations of the New Deal?


Chapter Review




25. The United States and the Second World War, 1939-1945


An American Story: Colonel Paul Tibbets drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima


How did isolationism shape American foreign policy in the 1930s?


Roosevelt and Reluctant Isolation


The Good Neighbor Policy


The Price of Isolation


How did war in Europe and Asia influence U.S. foreign policy?


Nazi Aggression and War in Europe


From Neutrality to the Arsenal of Democracy


Japan Attacks America


How did the United States mobilize for war?


Home-Front Security


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Japanese Internment


Building a Citizen Army


Conversion to a War Economy


How did the Allies reverse Axis advances in Europe and the Pacific?


Turning the Tide in the Pacific


The Campaign in Europe


How did war change the American home front?


Women and Families, Guns and Butter


The Double V Campaign


Wartime Politics and the 1944 Election


Reaction to the Holocaust


How did the Allies win the war?


From Bombing Raids to Berlin


The Defeat of Japan


Atomic Warfare


Conclusion: Why did the United States emerge as a superpower at the end of the war?


Chapter Review




26. The New World of the Cold War, 1945–1960


An American Story: Congresswoman Helen Gahagan Douglas becomes loyal Truman ally


How did the Cold War begin?


U.S.-Soviet Tensions Emerge


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Emerging Cold War


The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan


Building a National Security State


In what ways did anti-Communism drive policy at home and abroad?


Superpower Rivalry around the Globe


The Domestic Chill: McCarthyism


Why did the U.S. go to war in Korea?


Military Implementation of Containment


From Containment to Rollback to Containment


Korea’s Political Fallout


An Armistice and the War’s Costs


How did Truman’s and Eisenhower’s approaches to the superpower struggle differ?


The "New Look" in Foreign Policy


Applying Containment to Vietnam


Interventions in Latin America and the Middle East


The Nuclear Arms Race


Conclusion: What were the costs and consequences of the Cold War?


Chapter Review




27. Postwar Culture and Politics, 1945-1960


An American Story: Vice President Richard Nixon debates Russian premier Nikita Khrushchev


What were the prospects for domestic reform in the Truman years?


Reconverting to a Peacetime Economy


The Fair Deal Falters


Race and Rights in the 1940s


To what extent did Eisenhower dismantle the New Deal?


A Republican "Middle Way"


A Shifting Indian Policy


What fueled the prosperity of the 1950s?


Technology Transforms Agriculture and Industry


Suburban Migrations


The Rise of the Sun Belt


The Democratization of Higher Education


How did economic growth affect American society, politics, and culture?


A Consumer Culture


The Revival of Domesticity and Religion


Television Transforms Culture and Politics


Countercurrents


What mobilized African Americans to fight for civil rights in the 1950s?


African Americans Challenge the Supreme Court and the President


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Brown Decision


Montgomery and Mass Protest


Conclusion: What unmet challenges did peace and prosperity mask?


Chapter Review




28. Rights, Rebellion, and Reaction, 1960-1974


An American Story: Pauli Murray breaks barriers to fight for civil rights


What were the achievements of JFK’s New Frontier and LBJ’s Great Society?


Kennedy and a New Frontier in the 1960s


Johnson and the War on Poverty


Liberalism at High Tide


Legacies of the Great Society


The Judicial Revolution


How did the black freedom movement evolve?


The Flowering of Civil Rights


The Response in Washington


Black Power and Urban Rebellions


What other social movements emerged in the 1960s?


Native American Protest


Latino Struggles for Justice


Youth Rebellions, the New Left, and the Counterculture


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Student Protest


Gay Men and Lesbians Organize


Environmental Activists Mobilize


What were the goals of the new wave of feminism?


A Multifaceted Movement Emerges


Feminist Gains Spark a Countermovement


Why and where did the conservative movement gain ground?


A Grassroots Right


Nixon and the Election of 1968


Conclusion: What were the lasting effects of sixties-era reform?


Chapter Review




29. Confronting Limits, 1961-1979


An American Story: Lieutenant Frederick Downs Jr. returns home wounded to a divided country


What led to the United States’ deepening involvement in Vietnam?


Anti-Communism in the Kennedy Years


A Growing War in Southeast Asia


An All-Out Commitment in Vietnam


Those Who Served


How did a war abroad provoke a war at home?


The Antiwar Movement


The Tet Offensive and Steps Toward Peace


The Tumultuous Election of 1968


How did U.S. foreign policy change under Nixon?


Détente with the Soviet Union and China


U.S. Interventions around the World


Nixon’s War in Vietnam


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Ending the War in Vietnam


Peace Accords


The Legacy of Defeat


What accounted for the growth of conservatism in the 1970s?


The End of the Boom


Nixon Courts the Right


The Election of 1972


The Watergate Scandal


The Ford Presidency and the 1976 Election


What challenges did the Carter Administration face?


A Retreat from Liberalism


Energy and Environmental Reform


Promoting Human Rights Abroad


New Foreign Crises


Conclusion: How did the constraints of the 1970s reshape U.S. policy and politics?


Chapter Review




30. Divisions At Home and Abroad in a Conservative Era, 1980-2000


An American Story: Phyllis Schlafly promotes conservatism


What conservative goals were realized during Reagan’s presidency?


Appealing to the New Right and Beyond


Unleashing Free Enterprise


Winners and Losers in a Flourishing Economy


What strategies did liberals use to fight the rightward turn?


Battles in the Courts and Congress


Feminism on the Defensive


The Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Protecting Gay and Lesbian Rights


Why did the Cold War intensify and how did it end?


Militarization and Interventions Abroad


The Iran-Contra Scandal


Soviet-American Relations Transformed


A "New World Order"


War in Central America and the Persian Gulf


What led to increased political polarization in the 1990s?


Gridlock in Government


The 1992 Election


Clinton’s Reforms


Accommodating the Right


Impeaching the President


How did Clinton respond to the challenges of globalization?


The Booming Economy of the 1990s


Debates over Free Trade


Defining America’s Place in a New World Order


Conclusion: What were the legacies of the "Reagan Revolution"?


Chapter Review




31. America in a New Century, Since 2000


An American Story: Jose Antonio Vargas faces anti-immigrant sentiments in the U.S.


How did George W. Bush alter the focus of U.S. foreign and domestic policy?


The Disputed Election of 2000


The 9/11 Attacks


Security and Civil Liberties


Unilateralism and the "War on Terror"


Domestic Achievements—and Disasters


What were the strengths and weaknesses of the American economy?


Globalized Labor and Production


Immigration and its Discontents


The New Economy and the Old


What obstacles stood in the way of Obama’s reform agenda?


A Post-Racial America?


Governing with Resistance


Multilateralism in Foreign Policy


How did new social movements change politics?


Progressives Mobilize


Civil Rights and Black Lives


Social Media and Activism


What was the significance of the 2016 election?


Platforms, Polls, and Protests


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: New Media: Bad for Democracy?


Right-wing Populism on the Rise


A Retreat from U.S. Global Leadership


Conclusion: In a deeply polarized America, was there any common ground?


Chapter Review



APPENDICES



I. Documents


The Declaration of Independence


The Constitution of the United States


Amendments to the Constitution with Annotations (including the six unratified amendments)



II. Government and Demographics


Presidential Elections


Supreme Court Justices


Population Growth, 1630–2010


Major Trends in Immigration, 1820-2010



Glossary


Index


About the Authors

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