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9781319209049

The American Promise Concise History Volume 1

by ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781319209049

  • ISBN10:

    1319209041

  • Edition: 8th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2019-10-28
  • Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

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Summary

The American Promise, Concise Edition is a brief, affordable text that makes history relatable. Now with new co-authors, the eighth edition continues to deliver a strong narrative with political backbone and offers a new pedagogical design that reinforces that history is a discipline rooted in debate and inquiry. The American Promise, Concise Edition, includes the unabridged narrative, primary sources in each chapter, a full-color map and art program, and comprehensive supplement options, including LaunchPad and a free companion sourcebook.



Available for free when packaged with the print book, the popular digital assignment and assessment options for this text bring skill building and assessment to a more highly effective level. The greatest active learning options come in LaunchPad, which combines an accessible e-book with LearningCurve, an adaptive and automatically graded learning tool that—when assigned—helps ensure students read the book; the complete companion reader with comparative questions that help students build arguments from those sources; and many other study and assessment tools. For instructors who want the easiest and most affordable way to ensure students come to class prepared Achieve Read & Practice pairs LearningCurve, adaptive quizzing and our mobile, accessible Value Edition e-book, in one easy-to-use product.

Table of Contents

Please Note: The Combined Volume includes all chapters. Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16 and Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-31.



Preface


Versions and Supplements


Maps, Figures, and Tables


Special Features



1. Ancient America, Before 1492


An American Story: An archaeological dig uncovers ancient North Americans traditions


Why do historians rely on the work of archaeologists?


When and how did humans migrate into North America?


African and Asian Origins


Paleo-Indian Hunters


When and why did Archaic hunter-gatherers inhabit ancient America?


Great Plains Bison Hunters


Great Basin Cultures


Pacific Coast Cultures


Eastern Woodland Cultures


How did agriculture influence ancient American cultures?


Southwestern Cultures


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "Artifacts of Daily Life in Chaco Canyon"


Woodland Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms


What ancient American cultures inhabited North America in the 1490s?


Eastern and Great Plains Peoples


Southwestern and Western Peoples


Cultural Similarities


How did the Mexican empire amass power and riches?


Conclusion: How did ancient Americans shape their world and ours?


Chapter Review



2. Europeans Encounter the New World, 1492–1600


An American Story: Queen Isabella of Spain supports Columbus’s risky plan to sail west across the Atlantic


Why did Europeans launch explorations in the fifteenth century?


Mediterranean Trade and European Expansion


A Century of Portuguese Exploration


What did Spaniards discover in the western Atlantic?


The Explorations of Columbus


The Geographic Revolution and the Columbian Exchange


How did Spaniards conquer and colonize New Spain?


The Conquest of Mexico


The Search for Other Mexicos


Spanish Outposts in Florida and New Mexico


New Spain in the Sixteenth Century


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "Justifying Conquest"


The Toll of Spanish Conquest and Colonization


How did New Spain influence Europe?


The Protestant Reformation and the Spanish Response


Europe and The Spanish Example


Conclusion: What did the New World Promise Europeans?


Chapter Review



3. The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700


An American Story: A young woman from England travels to America as a servant


How did settlers encounters with Native Americans and the Chesapeake environment shape the colony of Virginia?


The Fragile Jamestown Settlement


Cooperation and Conflict between Natives and Newcomers


From Private Company to Royal Government


How did tobacco influence Chesapeake society?


Tobacco Agriculture


A Servant Labor System


The Rigors of Servitude


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "ENSLAVEMENT BY MARRIAGE"


Cultivating Land and Faith


Why did Chesapeake society change by the 1670s?


Social and Economic Polarization


Government Policies and Political Conflict


Bacon’s Rebellion


Why did a slave labor system develop in England’s southern colonies?


Indians Revolt in New Mexico and Florida


Religion and Revolt in the Spanish Borderland


The West Indies: Sugar and Slavery


Carolina: A West Indian Frontier


Slave Labor Emerges in the Chesapeake


Conclusion: How did export crops contribute to the growth of the southern colonies?


Chapter Review



4. The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700


An American Story: Roger Williams is banished from Puritan Massachusetts


Why did Puritans emigrate to North America?


Puritan Origins: The English Reformation


The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony


The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony


How did New England society change during the seventeenth century?


Church, Covenant, and Conformity


Government by Puritans for Puritanism


The Splintering of Puritanism


Religious Controversies and Economic Changes


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "Hunting Witches in Salem, Massachusetts"


How did the Middle Colonies differ from New England and the southern colonies?


From New Netherland to New York


New Jersey and Pennsylvania


Toleration and Diversity in Pennsylvania


How did the English empire influence the colonies?


Royal Regulation of Colonial Trade


King Philip’s War and the Consolidation of Royal Authority


Conclusion: Was there an English model of colonization in North America?


Chapter Review



5. Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century, 1701–1770


An American Story: The Robin Johns’horrific turns of fortune in the Atlantic slave trade


How did the British North American colonies change during the eighteenth century?


What changed in New England life and culture?


Natural Increase and Land Distribution


Farms, Fish, and Atlantic Trade


Why did the Middle Colonies grow rapidly?


German and Scots-Irish Immigrants


"God Gives All Things to Industry": Urban and Rural Labor


Why did slavery come to define the Southern Colonies?


The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Growth of Slavery


Slave Labor and African American Culture


Tobacco, Rice, and Prosperity


What unified colonists in British North America during the eighteenth century?


Commerce and Consumption


Religion, Enlightenment, and Revival


Trade and Conflict in the North American Borderlands


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "Spanish Priests Report on California Missions"


Colonial Politics in the British Empire


Conclusion: Why did British North American colonists develop a dual identity?


Chapter Review



6. The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis, 1754-1775


An American Story: Loyalist governor Thomas Hutchinson stands his ground


How did the Seven Years’ War lay the groundwork for colonial crisis?


French-British Rivalry in the Ohio Country


The Albany Congress


The War and Its Consequences


Pontiac’s Rebellion War and the Proclamation of 1763


How did imperial authorities and British colonists differ in their views about the legitimacy of taxing the colonies?


Grenville’s Sugar Act


The Stamp Act


Resistance: From Colonial Assemblies to Crowd Politics


Liberty and Property


Why did the colonial crisis worsen after the repeal of the Stamp Act?


The Townshend Duties


Nonconsumption and the Daughters of Liberty


Military Occupation and "Massacre" in Boston


How did British policy and colonial response interact after the repeal of the Townshend Duties to lead to open rebellion?


The Calm before the Storm


Tea in Boston Harbor


The Coercive Acts


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "Reactions to the Boston Port Act outside of Massachusetts"


Beyond Boston: Rural New England


The First Continental Congress


How did enslaved people in the colonies react to the stirrings of revolution?


Lexington and Concord


Rebelling against Slavery


Conclusion: What changes did the American colonists want in 1775?


Chapter Review




7. The War for America, 1775-1783


An American Story: Deborah Sampson masquerades as a man to join the Continental army


What eventually persuaded British North American colonists to support independence?


Assuming Political and Military Authority


Pursuing Both War and Peace


Thomas Paine, Abigail Adams, and the Case for Independence


The Declaration of Independence


How did the military objectives of each side shape the course of the war’s early years?


The American Military Forces


The British Strategy


Quebec, New York, and New Jersey


How did the war transform the home front?


Patriotism at the Local Level


The Loyalists


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "Families Divide over the Revolution"


Who Is a Traitor?


Financial Instability and Corruption


From Rebellion to Revolution


How did the American Revolution expand to become a war among continental and global powers?


Burgoyne’s Army and the Battle of Saratoga


The War in the West: Indian Country


The French Alliance


What were the principal causes of the British defeat?


Georgia and South Carolina


Treason and Guerrilla Warfare


Surrender at Yorktown


The Losers and the Winners


Conclusion: Why did the British lose the American Revolution?


Chapter Review




8. Building a Republic, 1775-1789


An American Story: James Madison comes of age in the midst of revolution


What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation create?


Confederation and Taxation


The Problem of Western Lands


Running the New Government


How was republican government implemented?


The State Constitutions


Who Are "the People"?


Equality and Slavery


Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?


The War Debt and the Newburgh Conspiracy


The Treaty of Fort Stanwix


The Northwest Territory


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "The Northwest Ordinance’s Slavery Clause"


The Requisition of 1785 and Shays’s Rebellion, 1786–1787


How did the Constitution change the nation’s form of government?


From Annapolis to Philadelphia


The Virginia and New Jersey Plans


Checks and Balances


Why did so many Americans object to the Constitution?


The Federalists


The Antifederalists


The Federalist Persuasion


Conclusion: What was the "republican remedy"?


Chapter Review




9. The New Nation Takes Form, 1789–1800


An American Story: Alexander Hamilton becomes a polarizing figure in the 1790s


What were the sources of political stability in the 1790s?


Washington Inaugurates the Government


The Bill of Rights


The Republican Wife and Mother


Why did Hamilton’s economic policies provoke such controversy?


Agriculture, Transportation, and Banking


The Public Debt and Taxes


The First Bank of the United States and the Report on Manufactures


What threats did the United States face in the West?


Western Discontent and the Whiskey Rebellion


Creeks in the Southwest


Ohio Indians in the Northwest


What threats did the United States face in the Atlantic World?


France and Britain: Toward Neutrality


The Jay Treaty


The Haitian Revolution


How did partisan rivalries shape the politics of the late 1790s?


Federalists and Republicans


The XYZ Affair


The Alien and Sedition Acts


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "The Crisis of 1798: Sedition"


Conclusion: Why did the United States form political parties in a decade when it achieved political stability?


Chapter Review




10. Republicans in Power, 1800-1828


An American Story: Tecumseh attempts to forge a pan-Indian confederacy


What was the Revolution of 1800?


Turbulent Times: Election and Rebellion


The Jeffersonian Vision of Republican Government


Dangers Overseas: The Barbary Wars


How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the United States?


The Louisiana Purchase


The Lewis and Clark Expedition


Osage and Comanche Indians


What led to the War of 1812?


Impressment and Embargo


Tecumseh and Tippecanoe


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "The Nation’s First Formal Declaration of War"


Washington City Burns: The British Offensive


How did the civil status of free American women and men differ in the early Republic?


Dolley Madison and Social Politics


Women and the Law


Women and Church Governance


Female Education


Why did partisan conflict increase during the administrations of Monroe and Adams?


From Property to Democracy


The Missouri Compromise


The Monroe Doctrine


The Election of 1824


The Adams Administration


Conclusion: How did republican simplicity become complex?


Chapter Review




11. The Expanding Republic, 1815-1840


An American Story: The Grimké sisters speak out against slavery


What Economic Developments Reshaped the U.S. Economy after 1815?


Improvements in Transportation


Factories, Workingwomen, and Wage Labor


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "Mill Girls Stand Up to Factory owners, 1834"


Bankers and Lawyers


Booms and Busts


How did new practices of party politics shape Andrew Jackson’s election and agenda?


Popular Politics and Partisan Identity


The Election of 1828 and the Character Issue


Jackson’s Democratic Agenda


What was Andrew Jackson’s impact on the presidency?


Indian Policy and the Trail of Tears


The Tariff of Abominations and Nullification


The Bank War and Economic Boom


How did social and cultural life change in the 1830s?


Separate Spheres


The Second Great Awakening and Moral Reform


Organizing against Slavery


What political and economic events dominated Martin Van Buren’s Presidency?


The Politics of Slavery


Elections and Panics


Conclusion: The Age of Jackson or the era of reform?


Chapter Review




12. The North and West, 1840-1860


An American Story: Abraham Lincoln struggles to survive in antebellum America


Why did "industrial evolution" occur?


Agriculture and Land Policy


Manufacturing and Mechanization


Railroads: Breaking the Bonds of Nature


How did the free-labor ideal explain economic inequality?


The Free-Labor Ideal


Economic Inequality


Immigrants and the Free-Labor Ladder


What spurred westward expansion?


Manifest Destiny


Oregon and the Overland Trail


The Mormon Exodus


The Mexican Borderlands


Why did the United States go to war with Mexico?


The Politics of Expansion


The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848


Victory in Mexico


Golden California


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: "The Gold Rush"


What changes did social reformers seek in the 1840s and 1850s?


The Pursuit of Perfection: Transcendentalists and Utopians


Woman’s Rights Activists


Abolitionists and the American Ideal


Conclusion: How did the free labor ideal contribute to economic growth and territorial expansion of the North and West?


Chapter Review




13. The Slave South, 1820-1860


An American Story: Slave Nat Turner leads a revolt to end slavery


Why did the South become so different from the North?


Cotton Kingdom, Slave Empire


The South in Black and White


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Defending Slavery


The Plantation Economy


What was plantation life like for slave masters and mistresses?


Paternalism and Male Honor


The Southern Lady and Feminine Virtues


What was plantation life like for slaves?


Work


Family and Religion


Resistance and Rebellion


How did nonslaveholding southern whites work and live?


Plantation-Belt Yeomen


Upcountry Yeomen


Poor Whites


The Culture of the Plain Folk


What place did free blacks occupy in the South?


Precarious Freedom


Achievement despite Restrictions


How did slavery shape southern politics?


The Democratization of the Political Arena


Planter Power


Conclusion: How did slavery come to define the South?


Chapter Review




14. The House Divided, 1846-1861


An American Story: Abolitionist John Brown takes his war against slavery to Harpers Ferry


Why did the acquisition of land from Mexico contribute to sectional tensions?


The Wilmot Proviso and the Expansion of Slavery


The Election of 1848


Debate and Compromise


What upset the balance between slave and free states?


The Fugitive Slave Act


Uncle Tom’s Cabin


The Kansas-Nebraska Act


How did the party system change in the 1850s?


The Old Parties: Whigs and Democrats


The New Parties: Know-Nothings and Republicans


The Election of 1856


Why did northern fear of the "Slave Power" intensify in the 1850s?


"Bleeding Kansas"


The Dred Scott Decision


Prairie Republican: Abraham Lincoln


The Lincoln-Douglas Debates


Why did some southern states secede immediately after Lincoln’s election?


The Aftermath of John Brown’s Raid


Republican Victory in 1860


Secession Winter


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Southerners Debate Secession


Conclusion: Why did political compromise fail?


Chapter Review




15. The Crucible of War, 1861-1865


An American Story: Robert Smalls liberates slaves and fights for freedom


Why did both the Union and the Confederacy consider control of the border states crucial?


Attack on Fort Sumter


The Upper South Chooses Sides


Why did each side expect to win?


How They Expected to Win


Lincoln and Davis Mobilize


How did each side fare in the early years of the war?


Stalemate in the Eastern Theater


Union Victories in the Western Theater


The Atlantic Theater


International Diplomacy


How did the war for union become a fight for black freedom?


From Slaves to Contraband


From Contraband to Free People


The War of Black Liberation


What problems did the Confederacy face at home?


Revolution from Above


Hardship Below


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: Home and Country


The Disintegration of Slavery


How did the war affect the economy and politics of the North?


The Government and the Economy


Women and Work at Home and at War


Politics and Dissent


How did the Union finally win the war?


Vicksburg and Gettysburg


Grant Takes Command


The Confederacy Collapses


The War’s Bloody Toll


Conclusion: In what ways was the Civil War a "Second American Revolution"?


Chapter Review




16. Reconstruction, 1863-1877


An American Story: James T. Rapier emerges as Alabama’s most prominent black leader


Why did Congress object to Lincoln’s wartime plan for reconstruction?


"To Bind Up the Nation’s Wounds"


Land and Labor


The African American Quest for Autonomy


ANALYZING HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: The Meaning of Freedom


How did the North respond to the passage of black codes in the southern states?


Johnson’s Program of Reconciliation


White Southern Resistance and Black Codes


Expansion of Federal Authority and Black Rights


How radical was congressional reconstruction?


The Fourteenth Amendment and Escalating Violence


Radical Reconstruction and Military Rule


Impeaching a President


The Fifteenth Amendment and Women’s Demands


What brought the elements of the South’s Republican coalition together?


Freedmen, Yankees, and Yeomen


Republican Rule


White Landlords, Black Sharecroppers


Why did Reconstruction collapse?


Grant’s Troubled Presidency


Northern Resolve Withers


White Supremacy Triumphs


An Election and a Compromise


Conclusion: Was Reconstruction "a revolution but half accomplished"?


Chapter Review





Glossary


Index


About the Authors

Supplemental Materials

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