American Social Welfare Policy A Pluralist Approach, Enhanced Pearson eText -- Access Card

by Karger, Howard Jacob; Stoesz, David

• ISBN13: 9780134545011
• ISBN10: 013454501X
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Etext w/Access Card
• Copyright: 2017-01-13
• Publisher: PEARSO

Summary

American Social Welfare Policy covers the social, political and economic forces that shape US and international social welfare policy. You'll think like a policy analyst as you assess basic social welfare concepts as well as the major programs that make up the US welfare state.

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Author Biography

Howard Karger is professor, Hawai’i Pacific University, School of Social Work. David Stoesz is professor, Flinders University/Carnegie Mellon University—Australia. Howard and David have been friends and colleagues for more than three decades. In addition to eight editions of American Social Welfare Policy , they have coauthored three other books: The Politics of Child Abuse in America (with Lela Costin) (Oxford University Press, 1996); Reconstructing the American Welfare State (Rowman and Littlefield, 1992); and with Terry Carrillo, A Dream Deferred (Aldine, 2010). Howard’s book, Shortchanged: Life and Debt in the Fringe Economy (Berret-Koehler, 2005) examines the financial practices and products that exploit millions of American families. The book won the 2006 Independent Publishers Award in Finance/Investment/Economics. David’s book, Quixote’s Ghost: The Right, the Liberati, and the Future of Social Policy (Oxford University Press, 2005), explains how conservatives have assumed control of domestic policy and proposes a new framework for social policy. Quixote’s Ghost won the 2006 Pro-Humanitate Literary Award.

Table of Contents

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PART I. AMERICAN SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY

1. Social Policy and the American Welfare State

2. A Brief History of the American Social Welfare State

3. Social Welfare Policy Research

4. Discrimination in American Society

5. Poverty in America 

PART II. THE VOLUNTARY AND FOR-PROFIT SECTORS

6. The Voluntary Sector Today

7. Privatization and Human Service Corporations 

PART III. THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR

8. The Making of Governmental Policy

9. Tax Policy and Income Distribution

10. Social Insurance Programs

11. Public Assistance Programs

12. The American Health Care System

13. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Policy

14. Criminal Justice

15. Child Welfare Policy

16. Housing Policies

17. The Politics of Food Policy and Rural Life

PART IV. THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE IN PERSPECTIVE

18. The American Welfare State in International Perspective

 

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. AMERICAN SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY

1. Social Policy and the American Welfare State 

Definitions of Social Welfare Policy

Social Problems and Social Welfare Policy

Social Work and Social Policy

Values, Ideology, and Social Welfare Policy

The Political Economy of American Social Welfare

The U.S. Economic Continuum

          Keynesian Economics
          Conservative or Free Market Economics

          The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) • Democratic Socialism

The U.S. Political Continuum

            Liberalism and Left-of-Center Movements
          Classical Conservatives and the Far Right

The Welfare Philosophers and the Neoconservative Think Tanks

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

2. A Brief History of the American Social Welfare State

Early Antecedents of Welfare Statism

              Judeo-Christian Doctrine and Social Welfare

The English Poor Laws

The Poor in Colonial America

Social Welfare in the Civil War Era

Industrialization and the Voluntary Sector

              Social Darwinism

            Religion and Social Welfare

            Charity Organization Societies

            Settlement Houses

            African American Associations

            The Social Casework Agency

            The Progressive Movement

The Great Depression and the Modern Welfare State

The Post-World War II Welfare State

The Languishing Social Welfare State

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

3. Social Welfare Policy Research

A Proposed Model for Policy Analysis

              Historical Background of the Policy

            Problems That Necessitate the Policy

            Policy Description

            Policy Analysis

Researching and Analyzing a Social Policy Assignment

              Social Policy Research and the Internet

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

4. Discrimination in American Society

Discrimination

Racism

The Minority Middle Class

African Americans

              The Demography of African Americans

            African Americans in Poverty

            The  “Diswelfare” of African Americans

Hispanic Americans

              Hispanic Poverty and Income

            Diversity in the Hispanic Population

American Indians

Asian Americans

Immigrants and Immigration

              Immigration-Based Discrimination in Europe

Women and Society

              Violence and Sexism

            The Feminization of Poverty

            Myths around Women and Work

            Income and Job Disparities between Men and Women

            Day Care: A Barrier to Female Employment

            Other Obstacles Faced by Working Women

            Abortion and  Women’s Rights

            Gender Discrimination and Violence in an International Context

Gays and Lesbians: Two Populations at Risk

              Gay Rights

            Gays and Lesbians in the Military

            Gay and Lesbian Family Life

            AIDS and the Gay Community

Ageism

              Elderly Poverty and Social Programs

            Health Care and the Elderly

People with Disabilities

Legal Attempts to Remedy Discrimination

              Desegregation and the Civil Rights Movement

            Affirmative Action

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

5. Poverty in America

Theories on Poverty

              Culture of Poverty

            Eugenics and Poverty

            The Progressive Understanding of Poverty

Who Makes Up the Poor?

Measuring Poverty

              Measuring the Depth of Poverty

Families and Poverty

              Child Support Enforcement

            Children in Poverty

            Poverty and the Elderly

The Rural Poor

Work and Poverty

              A Profile of the Working Poor

            Why Are There Working Poor?

            Underemployment and Unemployment

            Dual Labor Markets

            Wages and Poverty

Strategies Developed to Combat Poverty

              IDAs

            Three Approaches to Combat Poverty

America’s Fringe Economy

              The Unbanked and the Functionally Poor

            Credit and the Poor

            Transportation in the Fringe Economy

World Poverty

Conclusion

              Discussion Questions

            Notes

PART II. THE VOLUNTARY AND FOR-PROFIT SECTORS

6. The Voluntary Sector Today

Traditional Providers

The Independent Sector

Advancing Social Justice

              The United Way

            Elite Philanthropy

The Future of the Voluntary Sector

              Commercialization

            Faith-Based Social Services

            Social Entrepreneurship

            Issues Facing the Voluntary Sector

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

7. Privatization and Human Service Corporations

 

Privatization Issues

              Commercialization

            Preferential Selection

            Dual Levels of Care

            Cost-Effectiveness

            Oligopolization

The Challenge of Privatization

Unions and the Private Sector

Social Contributions of Business

Corporate Influence on Social Welfare Policy

The Future of Corporate Involvement in Social Welfare

Human Service Corporations

Consolidation and Growth in New Human

Service Markets

              Nursing Homes

            Hospital Management

            Health Maintenance Organizations

            Child Care 159

            Home Health Care

            Corrections

            Public Welfare

Private Practice

              The Future of Private Practice

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

PART III. THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR

8. The Making of Governmental Policy

Technical Aspects of the Policy Process

A Critical Analysis of the Policy Process

The Policy Process

              Social Stratification

            Formulation

            Legislation

            The Fiscal Cliff and Sequestration

            Implementation

            Evaluation

            Marginalization

Social Work and Advocacy Organizations

              Advocacy Organizations and the New Policy Institutes

Political Practice

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

9. Tax Policy and Income Distribution

History of U.S. Tax Policy

Federal Taxes

Taxes, Spending, and the Debt

Tax Policy and Special Interests

Income Distribution

State Tax Policy and the Poor

The Efficiency of Tax Policy in Reducing Poverty

              Tax Expenditures as AntiPoverty Policy

The Anti-Tax Movement

The Debate over Economic Inequality

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

10. Social Insurance Programs

Definition of Social Insurance

The Background of Social Insurance

The Financial Organization of Social Insurance

Key Social Insurance Programs

              OASDI

            Unemployment Compensation
            Workers’ Compensation

The Social Security Dilemma

              Arguments against the Current Social Security System

            Arguments for the Current Social Security System

            Social Security in Trouble

            The Long-Term Prospects for Social Security

Medicare (Hospital Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance)

Lingering Problems in the Social Security System

Reforming Social Security

              Privatizing Social Security

Pension Systems in Selected Industrialized Countries

              Canada’s Retirement Income System

            Retirement in the United Kingdom

            The Chilean Experiment in Privatizing Social Security

            Germany’s Social Security System

            The Greek Pension System

            The Australian Retirement System

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

11. Public Assistance Programs

 

Assumptions and Myths about Public Assistance

Aid to Families with Dependent Children

              The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996

            Has the PRWORA Worked • Teenage Pregnancy

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

              Problems in SSI

General Assistance

Trends and Issues in Public Assistance

              The Transformation of Welfare Policy into Labor Policy

            Welfare to Work (Workfare)

            Welfare Behaviorism

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

12. The American Health Care System

 

The Uninsured

The Organization of Medical Services

Major Public Health Programs: Medicare, Medicaid, and S-CHIP 250

              Medicare

            Medicaid

            The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

The Health Care Crisis

              Overview of U.S. Health Care Expenditures

Explaining the High Cost of U.S. Health Care

              Hospital Costs

            Physicians’ Salaries

            The Pharmaceutical Industry

Cutting Health Care Costs

              Managed Care

            The Underinsured

Gun Violence and Health Care Policy

              The Debate around Gun Control

            What Can Be Done

U.S. Health Care in International Perspective

              Comparative Analysis: Health Care in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia

Reforming U.S. Health Care

              National Health Service

            National Health Insurance

            Incremental Reform

            The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148)

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

13. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Policy

Mental Health Reform

The Community Mental Health Centers Acts

Deinstitutionalization

The Advent of Psychotropic Medication

The Psychopharmacological Scandal

Children’s Mental Health

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Funding

Parity for Mental Health Care

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Substance Abuse

              Alcohol Abuse

            Drug Abuse

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

14. Criminal Justice

 

History of U.S. Criminal Justice

The Criminal Justice System

Juvenile Justice

The New Jim Crow

The War on Drugs

The Underclass and “Moral Poverty”

The Prison Industrial Complex

Legalization of Drugs

Police Violence

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

15. Child Welfare Policy

History of U.S. Child Welfare Policy

Protective Services for Children

Foster Care for Children

Adoption

Head Start

Emerging Issues in Child Welfare 

              Day Care

            Maternal and Child Health

            Teen Pregnancy

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

16. Housing Policies

Overview of Housing Legislation

The Federal Government and Low-Income Housing Programs

Issues in Housing Policy

              Trends in U.S. Housing

            Problems in Home Ownership

            Homeownership and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis

            The Downside of Homeownership

            Problems in Finding Affordable Rental Housing

            Gentrification

            Overcrowded and Deficient Housing

            Other Factors Affecting Housing

Homelessness

              Characteristics of the Homeless Population

            Trends in Homelessness

            Attempts to Address Homelessness

Housing Reform

Housing in an International Context

              Comparison of U.S. and European Housing

            Public Housing

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

17. The Politics of Food Policy and Rural Life

The Contradictions of American Food Policy

Hunger in the United States

Governmental Food Programs

              SNAP (Formerly Called Food Stamps): A Description of the Program

            SNAP: Who Is in the Program, and What Does It Cost?

            Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

            Other Food Programs

            Have the Food Programs Worked?

Farming in the United States

              Governmental Farm Policies

            Biofuels, Fracking, and Farming

            The Face of U.S. Farming

Farmworkers

Issues in American Farming

              The Corporatization of American Farming

            Genetic Engineering

            Global Trade

            Food Safety

            Local Selling

            Organic Farming

            Sustainable Development

            Climate Change

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

PART IV. THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE IN PERSPECTIVE

18. The American Welfare State in International Perspective

Typologies of Welfare States

American Exceptionalism

The Welfare State in Transition

Ranking National Development

The Fourth World

Capability Poverty

International Aid

Global Capital

The Future

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Notes

Glossary

Index