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Annual Editions: Freiberg
Preface
Correlation Guide
Topic Guide
Journey to the Genetic Interior, Stephen S. Hall, Scientific American, October 2012
For years geneticists have considered the non-protein coding DNA "junk." Now regularly genes, and the transcription of DNA to RNA, are considered important in the role of inheritance and health. Evan Birney, in this interview, proposed expunging the term "junk DNA." He believes 80% of the jungle of unexplored materials may be functional. How? is the question.
Recipe for Immortality, George Church and Ed Regis, Discover, October 2012
Pluripotent stem cells could conceivably extend the aging human lifespan by replacing all damaged cells. The ethics of genetic engineering are questioned. Earth's population is growing by 75 million people per year. Should technology maintain health and prevent death? The pros and cons of immortality are addressed in this article.
The Unspeakable Gift, Katie Steedly, Washingtonian, August 2013
A woman with Turner Syndrome, a genetic disease, discussed her physical status. Her health was improved with hormone replacement therapy, calcium, and Vitamin D. Technology (e.g., MRIs, central catheters) gave her a better prognosis. Psychotherapy and spiritual counseling made her feel whole, loveable, and loved.
The Incredible Expanding Adventures of the X Chromosome, Christopher Babcock, Psychology Today, September/October 2011
This article explains XY (male) and XX (female) genetics and gender differences. There is mounting evidence that X-related brain development affects socialization, intelligence, and cognition. The Y chromosome has about 100 genes compared to about 1,200 X genes. Both genius and autistic spectrum disorders may be X related.
How Long Can You Wait to Have a Baby?, Jean M. Twenge, The Atlantic, July/August 2013
Many men and women choose to delay marriage and childrearing until they are settled in careers and/or can afford either or both. What constitutes aging where pregnancy is concerned? This article has surprising statistics about fertility over the lifespan.
Unnatural Selection, Mara Hvistendahl, Psychology Today, July/August 2011
Years of prenatal sex selection in China, Korea, India, Balkans, and Caucasus countries has led to 20–30% more men and many stressors. Violence, sex trafficking and arranged marriages for women are rising. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis has arrived in the U.S. What ethics are involved in these gender choices?
Keys to Quality Infant Care: Nurturing Every Baby's Life Journey, Alice Sterling Honig, Young Children, September 2010
Dr. Honig, an expert on infant caregiving, shares 11 keys to enhancing baby's brain development, physical status, language skills, emotional regulation, and social abilities. She explains different infant temperaments and advises on how parents and teachers can shape behaviors to accommodate personalities.
Vaccination Nation, Chris Mooney, Discover, June 2009
Parents have been scared by activists claiming (falsely) that vaccines cause infant autism. Science proves otherwise; this article cites multiple studies. The ethics of skeptics are dubious. Withholding vaccines can cause epidemics of largely vanquished diseases. Other environmental factors which trigger genetic diseases must be explored, and motivation to vaccinate must increase.
Anguish of the Abandoned Child, Charles A. Nelson III, Nathan A. Fox, and Charles H. Zeanah, Jr., Scientific American, April 2013
Old literature documents the effects of institutional life on infants. This new study, begun in 2000, compared home-reared versus institutionalized children in Romania, where home care for all was not an option. Brain development and cognitive processes were profoundly affected by institutional life, as were social and emotional modes of behavior.
How to Help Your Toddler Begin Developing Empathy, Rebecca Pariakian and Claire Lerner, Zero to Three, July 2009
Personality is socialized as well as inherited. Teaching empathy in parenting practices during early childhood helps toddlers understand emotions and develop self-esteem. This article explains how to foster this complex skill. (from AE:HD 13/14)
How to Raise a Global Kid, Lisa Miller, Newsweek, July 25, 2011
Are children behind if they finish school as monogluts? Lisa Miller's focus is on early bilingual education and biculturalism. Language instruction increases brain development, yet each year fewer American schools offer it. Parenting to raise global kids can enhance social and emotional skills, resiliency, and world friendships.
The Touch-Screen Generation, Hanna Rosin, The Atlantic, April 2013
Early childhood has many "digital natives" fluent in finger-swiping technology before word recognition or reading. This article ponders the effects of kids' "apps" on brain development, cognition, intelligence, and creativity. Digital media often functions as a babysitter during meals, car rides, and busy times. Will swiping become addictive for toddlers?
Ten Tips for Involving Families through Internet-Based Communication, Sascha Mitchell, Teresa S. Foulger, and Keith Wetzel, Young Children, September 2009
Early childhood education can be greatly enhanced with family-school partnerships. The authors suggest 10 ways in which parents and teachers can work together to teach young children. Technology is required so inexpensive ways to access computers are given. Ways to overcome language differences are also addressed.
Trauma and Children: What We Can Do, Linda Goldman, Healing Magazine, 2012
Thousands of our children and adolescents are traumatized each year (e.g., bullying, violence, drugs, sex, gender issues). The sounds and images of technology repeat the "bad stuff." The author recommends that parents and educators talk about the events with simple facts and truthful responses. She suggests many activities (e.g., new email, writing, art) to enhance coping.
An Educator's Journey toward Multiple Intelligences, Scott Seider, Edutopia, 2008
Can intelligence be defined as a general ability? The theory of multiple intelligences (MI), put forth by Howard Gardner, answers NO. The author describes his appreciation of a poor student's "smartness" on the athletic field. Gardner's theory focuses on different ways in which children use cognitive processes (e.g., body-kinesthetic, music). Schools are not required to educate for every area of MI.
Creating a Country of Readers, Sid Trubowitz, Phi Delta Kappan Magazine, October 2010
Cognition begins prenatally; so should reading. Sid Trubowitz believes women who are pregnant or have infants ought to be instructed to read to their babies. Schools can start with meditative reading and extend library hours. Storytelling can be integral to family life. Black-outs of technology can be devoted to reading. Let us create a culture that reads.
Addressing Achievement Gaps with Psychological Interventions, David Yeager, Gregory Walton, and Geoffrey L. Cohen, Kappan, February 2013
If children believe their low intelligence is fixed, their personalities suffer from low self- esteem and low incentive to try to learn. School interventions can teach them that cognitive processes are developed. Students from marginalized cultures, when criticized or disrespected, are especially prone to achievement gaps.
In Defense of Distraction, Sam Anderson, New York Magazine, May 25, 2009
This article is an exposition about the massive amounts of multitasking, electronic technology interpretation and distractions add to our lives by the culture's "Information Age." (An average adolescent in the United States spends six hours per day on-line.) While hyper-focusing programs abound, the author argues that harnessing distractions may increase brain efficiency for complex cognitive processing.
What I've Learned, Michelle Rhee, Newsweek, December 13, 2010
School reform is difficult. It involves culture change. This article describes the struggles to improve education in Washington, D.C. between 2007–2010. More than 20 nations surpass children in the United States in science, reading, and math. There is no large lobby to promote school students' best interests. The author presents several suggestions for putting "students first."
Reformed Schools, Jonathan Miller, New York Times Magazine, April 10, 2011
This article describes the education of children and adolescents from a health-challenged, violence-ridden Bronx neighborhood public school. Despite reform movement expectations, testing, restrictive union rules, and incoming charter schools, the principal of P.S. 223 is creating a culture that values learning.
Visiting Room 501, Margaret Sauceda Curwen, Phi Delta Kappan Magazine, June 2009
Latinos are the largest minority culture in the U.S. They are not unidimensional (e.g., non-mainstream, marginalized, "at-risk"). Many are U.S.-born, whose home language is English and who are upwardly mobile. Schools who disenfranchise Latino children based on old stereotypes impair their identity, affiliation, and achievement.
The Angry Smile, Signe L. Whitson, Going Bonkers Magazine, October 2009
Children learn how to behave in unhelpful passive-aggressive modes from parents, peers, school personnel, television characters, and in cultural contexts. Passive-aggression is not genetic. It can be changed through socialization. This article tells how to substitute assertive expression for passive-aggression.
Support Parents to Improve Student Learning, Joanna Cattanach, Kappan, March 2013
It is a myth that Hispanic parents don't care about education. To improve family engagement, some Texas schools offer adults courses in the English language, computers, nutrition even how to handle immigration issues and the government system. When parents partner with schools, students' academic success improves.
Do-It-(All)-Yourself Parents, Linda Perlstein, Newsweek, February 6, 2012
A popular approach called "attachment parenting" includes home schooling. About 300,000 children and adolescents in the U.S. are now home schooled. State laws vary; from no reporting to submission of plans and test scores. Advantages are flexible differentiated instruction, no bullying, family togetherness, and welcomes from colleges.
Child Welfare and Children's Mental Health Services: A Decade of Transformation, Ken Olson, Healing Magazine, 2010
A U.S. study of mental health services to children and families concluded that systems are "in disarray." States had better reviews if they focused on domestic violence, emotional distress, and drug abuse. A transformation to family-driven, community-based services was recommended. Will such child welfare cost less and work better?
How to Stop the Bullies, Emily Bazelon, The Atlantic, March 2013
Social networking dominates adolescent and pre-teen culture. New technologies allow fake identities and anonymous verbal bullying. This often escalates to physical aggression and violence. Experts are searching for ways to help parents and schools stop the bullies.
Use the Science of What Works to Change the Odds for Children at Risk, Susan B. Neuman, Phi Delta Kappan, April 2009
Research documents that intelligence is not all genetic; it grows with targeting language and motivation in cultures of poverty. Education of single parents in their homes which focuses on child-caregiver activities increases both cognitive and social-emotional development. Early intervention can break the cycle of disadvantage.
The Incredible Shrinking Childhood: How Early is too Early for Puberty?, Elizabeth Weil, New York Times Magazine, April 1, 2012
Pre-adolescent girls with early puberty have more emotional health risks. One theory is that early puberty affects cognition, making the brain suspectible to depression. Another theory is that changed physical status may be due to environmental estrogens. Parenting focused on exercise, nutrition, and self-esteem helps vulnerable girls.
Foresight Conquers Fear of the Future, Edward Cornish, The Futurist, January–February 2010
Adolescents are experiencing rapid changes in socialization. They fear a future with widespread aggression, drug abuse, and moral/ethical decline. Do they have "future phobia"? The author reports that trend analysts have predicted future outcomes. Young adults who have foresight and creativity will choose careers and lifestyles that embrace technology's advances.
Build a Curriculum that Includes Everyone, Robert McGarry, Kappan, February 2013
The emotional development of adolescents who are LGBT is often adversely affected by sex education classes in schools. Language assuming universal heterosexuality stigmatizes them. Bullying may follow if they are demonized as abnormal or dangerous. Curriculum which is accepting of LGBT students is advised.
Digitalk: A New Literacy for a Digital Generation, Kristen Hawley Turner, Phi Delta Kappan, September 2010
The author argues that digitalk is not deficient language, but different. Adolescents have mastered standard English and developed creative shortcuts to talk to their peers. Schools can use technology (e.g., instant messaging) as education tools for thinking. Students can be taught to code-switch for higher level writing (e.g., grammar and mechanics).
Portrait of a Hunger Artist, Emily Troscianko, Psychology Today, March/April 2010
The author uncovers the truths behind the malnutrition experienced by an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. Her genetics and family stress contributed to her health problems. Food became her best friend, as well as her obsession. Her emotions (envy, resentment, scorn) were triggered by weight-consciousness. Her recovery was dramatic.
Heartbreak and Home Runs: The Power of First Experiences, Jay Dixit, Psychology Today, January/February 2010
First memories (love, sex, victories, losses, lying) last longest. They shape our personalities. Young adults use the language of self-talk to convince themselves what kinds of persons they are. While these early experiences have power, they do not determine all future behavior. Emotions are sufficient, but not necessarily the only reason for personal ways of reacting to events.
Will Your Marriage Last?, Brooke Lea Foster, Washingtonian, December 2012
Researchers have found many correlates of lasting marriages. This article reports that education, wives with career income or assets, peer friendships with other couples, good sex, and frequent positive interactions (playing nice) are advantageous. Children decrease happiness initially, but couples rebound as they grow up and leave home.
The Retro Wife, Lisa Miller, New York, March 25, 2013
Educated adult women with three roles (mother, wife/partner, daughter) are rethinking the fourth role (independent career authority). Many meditate upon "A man's job is to earn money; a woman's job is to care for home and family." Are gender differences (females nurture, males assert) real, or just coming back into favor?
All Joy and No Fun: Why Parents Hate Parenting, Jennifer Senior, New York Magazine, July 12, 2010
Adulthood is less happy when marriage leads to parenting. Children make demands and add stressors unknown to childless couples. The emotions of family life range from agony to ecstasy. Gender differences are minimal. Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman found that child care ranked very low on all adults' lists of pleasurable activities.
Peek Hours: What Makes a Neighbor Nosy?, Sushma Subramanian, Psychology Today, July/August 2010
The writer describes two personality types who snoop: anxious individuals who want to protect/control, and insecure persons who feel information-deprived and are thus motivated to fill knowledge gaps. Technology (e.g., email, Facebook, Google, cell phones) makes peeking easy. Respecting another's privacy requires trusting the other.
Good Morning, Heartache, Kathleen McGowan, Psychology Today, March/April 2009
Adulthood depression is common. Genetic factors and life stressors affect brain chemistry creating negative emotions. Drug abuse and death by suicide are at-risk. This article describes journeys back to health with multiple components. Meditation, spirituality, creativity, humor, nutrition, exercise, sleep, acupuncture, medication, and cognitive therapy all help.
The Switched-on Brain, Amy Barth, Discover, September 2012
Optogenetics has stopped drug abuse in mice. It used opsins (light sensitive microbes), inserted in mouse neurons, to control their brains with light. Creative scientists are motivated to get opsins into human cells. This technology could improve vision, heart health, and possibly neurological functioning. Will such mind control be deemed ethical?
The Boss Stops Here, Matthew Shaer, New York, June 24–July 1, 2013
A "flat" workplace is one with hardly any bosses. Technology companies find creativity is motivated by self-management, experimentation, and intellectual innovation. Hierarchies (bosses, managers, roles) appeared with the industrial revolution and fostered mass production. Will careers in the information age prosper with peers in collaborative teams?
When Privacy Jumped the Shark, Frank Rich, New York, July 8–15, 2013
Personal privacy was derailed when televisions proliferated in the 1950's (e.g., Candid Camera). Today, reality television, smart phones, Facebook, Skype, online dating, ATMs, GPS, E-Z Pass, YouTube, tweeting, iTunes, Netflix, Amazon, eBay, Google, and more, all data share. The author implies that we know, and are not overly concerned about our technology self-exposure.
The New Survivors, Pamela Weintraub, Psychology Today, July/August 2009
The link between cancer and death is being broken. The stress of surviving cancer is making some adults psychologically hardier. Transformative benefits include more positive emotions, spirituality, self-esteem, and friendships. Empowered by hope, survivors generate more forgiveness, gratitude, kindness, and humor than in the past.
How to Fix the Obesity Crisis, David H. Freedman, Scientific American, February 2011
Obesity is the primary lifestyle-related health concern in the United States. Are nutrition (food choices) and exercise the best fixes? Behavioral science adds four other weight-loss conditions: assessment of motivation to eat, monitoring eating, behavior shifts, and social support. Genetics and brain functioning (e.g., hypothalamus, limbic system) will not prevent weight loss.
Brutal Truths About the Aging Brain, Robert Epstein, Discover, October 2012
The physical status of the aging brain affects cognition and memory. Neurons are reduced by about 10 percent and glial cells by 15 percent by age 70. Neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine), dendritic connections and myelin sheathing also decline. The senses lose information. Good nutrition, exercise, and education can slow the process.
More Good Years, Dan Buettner, AARP The Magazine, September/October 2009
The Earth has a few "Blue Zones." These are cultures where many people reach age 90+ in good health with physical stamina. On the Greek island of Ikaria, there is no Alzheimer's and little cancer, heart disease, or diabetes. Aging well is attributed to good nutrition (Mediterranean diet), exercise, spiritual values, strong family and friendship bonds, optimistic emotions and few stressors.
Age-Proof Your Brain: 10 Easy Ways to Stay Sharp Forever, Beth Howard, AARP The Magazine, February/March 2012
Dementia is not inevitable. Elders, even those with a genetic link to Alzheimer's, can delay or prevent it. Included in the ten suggestions for keeping brain health are meditation, spirituality (a mission in life), social networking, stimulating new memory, exercise, and nutrition factors (e.g., Mediterranean diet, spices, vitamin supplements).
The Old World, Ted C. Fishman, New York Times Magazine, October 17, 2010
Global economics are having a profound impact on the careers of aging workers. The author describes an "age apartheid" which is occurring in China, India, and elsewhere. Young workers are wanted. Elders are facing retirement without meaningful pensions or health care. Decisions about government spending pit old against young.
The Real Social Network, Martha Thomas, AARP The Magazine, Vol. 54, No. 38, May/June 2011
In 2001, Boston's Beacon Hill neighborhood began a "village movement." This socialization trend is growing rapidly. Aging persons stay in their own homes. Their "village" organizes services like those in retirement communities. Connectedness to neighbors allows for home maintenance, transportation, health care, and other social networking.
Elder Abuse Identification: A Public Health Issue, Helen M. Sorenson, AARC Times, November 2012
Aging adults seldom report family or caregiver abuse (physical, sexual, verbal, financial or neglect), due to fear of repercussions. Healthcare providers for elders should ask. Aggression against old people is stressful and criminal. The author describes how to recognize and report abuse, either suspected or confirmed.
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