Anthology Of World Scriptures

by Van Voorst, Robert E.

• ISBN13: 9780534520991
• ISBN10: 0534520995
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-02-15
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Presenting scripture readings in the context of their usage within the major religious traditions themselves and taking account of recent scholarship on the role of scriptures in religion, this anthology allows students to encounter world religions in a direct and meaningful way. ANTHOLOGY OF WORLD SCRIPTURES is a collection of the most notable and instructive scriptures of the major living religions of the world: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Also included are the most important scriptures of the new religious movements: Baha'i, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, the Christian Science Church, and the Unification Church. Supported by introductions to the readings by the editor, this anthology provides the most comprehensive and pedagogically sound access to the sacred literature of the world available in a single volume. A full Wadsworth website with interactive pedagogy is available for student learning and enrichment.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Acknowledgments	xix
Scripture among the World's Religions	1	(24)
A Brief History of Scripture Scholarship	2	(2)
The Nature and Definition of Scripture	4	(5)
The Uses of Scripture	9	(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Religions Through Their Scriptures	11	(4)
World Scriptures and Modern Scholarship	15	(2)
Scriptures and the World Wide Web	17	(1)
The Plan of This Book	18	(1)
Suggestions on How to Read Scriptures	19	(1)
Glossary	20	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	21	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	21	(4)
Hinduism	25	(42)
Introduction	25	(7)
Overview of Structure	26	(2)
Use	28	(2)
Origin and Development	30	(2)
Teaching	32	(5)
Aditi and the Birth of the Gods (Rig-Veda 10.72)	32	(1)
Two Philosophical Views of Creation (Rig-Veda 10.129; Brihad-Aranyaka Upanishad 1.4.1--7)	32	(2)
The God Indra (Rig-Veda 2.12)	34	(1)
The God Shiva (Shvetashvatara Upanishad 3.1--13)	35	(1)
``That You Are'' (Chandogya Upanishad 6.1--2, 9--11)	35	(2)
Organization	37	(1)
The Creation of the Caste System (Rig-Veda 10.90)	37	(1)
The Four Castes (Institutes of Vishnu 2.1--17)	38	(1)
Ethics	38	(7)
Sin and Forgiveness (Rig-Veda 7.86)	38	(1)
The Way of Asceticism (Mundaka Upanishad 2.1--3, 5--8, 10--13)	39	(1)
Stages of Life for a Twice-Born Man (Laws of Manu 2.69--74, 191--201; 3.1--19; 6.1--9, 33--49)	40	(3)
The Life of Women (Laws of Manu 3.55--60; 5.147--165)	43	(2)
Ritual and Meditation	45	(7)
The Gayatri Mantra (Rig-Veda 3.62.10)	45	(1)
Devotion to Agni in Prayer and Sacrifice (Rig-Veda 1.1; Agni-Brahmana 1.1--19)	45	(1)
Soma (Rig-Veda 8.48)	46	(1)
Marriage (Rig-Veda 10.85.20--47)	47	(2)
Cremation (Rig-Veda 10.16)	49	(1)
Charms and Spells (Atharva-Veda 6.20; 7.70; 6.9; 3.16)	50	(1)
Chanting of Om (Chandogya Upanishad 1.1.1--10)	51	(1)
The Practice of Yoga (Shvetashvatara Upanishad 2.8--15)	51	(1)
Selections from the Bhagavad-Gita	52	(9)
Non-Sanskrit Sources (Two Tamil Poets)	61	(6)
Glossary	63	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	63	(1)
Scriptures in Film	64	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	64	(3)
Buddhism	67	(40)
Introduction	67	(7)
Overview of Structure	68	(4)
Use	72	(1)
Origin and Development	73	(1)
History	74	(8)
The Past Lives of Gotama Buddha (Jataka 190)	74	(1)
The Life of Gotama Buddha (Selections from the Buddhacarita)	75	(5)
The Death of Gotama Buddha (Mahaparinibbana Sutta 6.1--12, 31--35, 45--48)	80	(2)
Teaching	82	(5)
The Sermon on the Four Noble Truths (Dhammacakkapparattana Sutta, 1--8)	82	(1)
The Skandhas and the Chain of Causation (Buddhacarita 16.1, 28--50)	83	(1)
The Essence of Buddhism (The Heart Sutra)	84	(1)
A Mahayana View of the Buddha (Saddharma-Pundarika Sutra 2.36; 10.1)	85	(2)
Ethics	87	(3)
Conduct of the Monk (Dhammapada 25.360--382)	87	(1)
Admonition to Laity (Cullavagga, Dhammikasutta 18--29)	88	(1)
The Wisdom of the Buddha (Dhammapada 1--20, 157--166)	89	(1)
Organization	90	(6)
Founding of the Order (Mahavagga 1.6.10, 11--16, 27--30, 32, 34, 37)	90	(2)
The Rules of Defeat (Patimokkha, Parajika Dhamma 1--4)	92	(1)
Rules Requiring Formal Meetings (Patimokkha, Samghadisesa Dhamma 1--13)	93	(1)
The Order of Nuns (Cullavagga 10.1.1--6)	94	(2)
Ritual and Meditation	96	(11)
The Relics of the Buddha (Mahaparinibbana Sutta 6.58-60)	96	(1)
Mindfulness in Meditation (Majjhima-nikaya, Satipatthanasutta 10.1-9)	97	(2)
The Merit of Making Images (Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo, 16, no. 694)	99	(2)
Scripture to Guide the Soul after Death (Bardo Thodol 1.1--2)	101	(2)
Glossary	103	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	103	(1)
Scriptures in Film	104	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	104	(3)
Jainism	107	(12)
Introduction	107	(2)
Overview of Structure	107	(1)
Origin, Development, and Use	108	(1)
History	109	(2)
The Life of Mahavira (Acaranga Sutra 2.15.6--9, 14, 16--20, 22--25, 27)	109	(2)
Teaching	111	(3)
The Causes of Sin (Acaranga Sutra 1.1--2)	111	(1)
The Road to Final Deliverance (Uttaradhyayana 28)	112	(2)
Organization	114	(1)
The Five Great Vows (Acaranga Sutra 2.15.i--v)	114	(1)
Ethics	114	(5)
Ahimsa (Sutrakritanga 1.7.1--9)	114	(1)
Rules for Monastic Life (Uttaradhyayana 35)	115	(1)
Glossary	116	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	116	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	116	(3)
Sikhism	119	(18)
Introduction	119	(3)
Overview of Structure	119	(1)
Use	120	(1)
Origin and Development	121	(1)
Teaching	122	(5)
Selections from the Japji (1--3, 5--6, 9, 12--13, 15, 17--18, 20--22, Epilogue)	122	(3)
Remembering God (Gauri Sukhmani, Mahala 5)	125	(1)
Dancing for Krishna (Rag Gurji, Mahala 3)	126	(1)
The Hindu Thread (Asa Ki Var, Mahala 1)	126	(1)
Ethics	127	(2)
Prayer for Forgiveness (Rag Bihagra, Mahala 5)	127	(1)
Against the Use of Wine (Rag Bihagra, Mahala 1)	128	(1)
Ritual	129	(1)
Hymn for the Installation of the Guru Granth (Rag Devgandhari, Mahala 5)	129	(1)
A Marriage Hymn (Rag Asa, Mahala 5)	129	(1)
Organization	130	(1)
The Guru (Rag Gauri, Mahala 3)	130	(1)
God's Power in the Sikh Community (Rag Gauri, Mahala 5)	130	(1)
Selections from the Dasam Granth	131	(6)
Guru Gobind Singh's Story (Vichitar Natak, 6)	131	(1)
God as the Holy Sword (Vichitar Natak, 1)	132	(1)
Glossary	133	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	133	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	133	(4)
Confucianism	137	(24)
Introduction	137	(4)
Overview of Structure	137	(2)
Use	139	(1)
Origin and Development	140	(1)
History	141	(2)
The Character of Confucius (Analects 2.4; 7.1--9, 19--24; 10.1--3, 8--12)	141	(2)
Ethics	143	(9)
The Virtues of the Superior Man (Analects 1.1--4, 6--9, 14; 15.17--23)	143	(1)
Benevolence (Analects 4.1--6)	144	(1)
The Actions and Attitudes of Filiality (Classic of Rites, 10.1, 4, 7, 10--11, 13--15; Analects 2.5--8; 4.18--21; 13.18)	145	(2)
Propriety (Analects 3.3--4, 8, 12--14, 17--19)	147	(1)
The Way (Analects 16.2)	148	(1)
The Love of Learning (Analects 17.8-9)	148	(1)
The Goodness of Human Nature (Mencius 6.1.1--4, 6)	149	(1)
The Basis of Good Government (The Great Learning 1, 3--7; 9.1, 3--5)	150	(1)
Confidence and Prosperity in Government (Mencius 4.3, 9; 1.6.20--24)	151	(1)
Ritual	152	(9)
Divination (Classic of Changes 1, 47, 54)	152	(2)
Songs for Sacrifice (Classic of Poetry, Kau 7; Minor Odes 10.1, 3; 5)	154	(2)
Music and Morality (Classic of Rites 17.2.10--11, 15--16, 18)	156	(1)
Glossary	157	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	157	(1)
Scriptures in Film	157	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	158	(3)
Taoism	161	(16)
Introduction	161	(4)
Overview of Structure	162	(1)
Origin, Development, and Use	162	(3)
Teaching	165	(2)
The Nature of the Tao (Tao Te Ching, 1, 6, 25, 34; Chuang-tzu 29)	165	(2)
The World (Tao Te Ching 7, 42, 52)	167	(1)
Ethics	167	(6)
Nonaction (Chuang-tzu, book 7)	167	(1)
Individual Life in Harmony with the Tao (Tao Te Ching 16, 22, 33, 44)	168	(1)
The Superior Man (Chuang-tzu, book 12)	169	(1)
Government (Tao Te Ching 3, 18, 57, 64)	170	(1)
On Death (Chuang-tzu, book 18)	171	(1)
Reward and Retribution (T'ai-Shang, book 1)	171	(2)
Ritual	173	(4)
Methods of Prolonging Life (Pao-p'u tzu 15.6b--7a; 19.6b--7a)	173	(1)
Glossary	174	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	174	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	175	(2)
Shinto	177	(10)
Introduction	177	(1)
Selections from the Kojiki	178	(9)
Preface to the Kojiki	178	(2)
The Creation of Japan (Kojiki, Chapters 1--5, 33)	180	(3)
The Story of Emperor Yuryaku and the Woman Akawi-ko (Kojiki 154)	183	(1)
Glossary	184	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	184	(1)
Scriptures in Film	184	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	184	(3)
Zoroastrianism	187	(12)
Introduction	187	(3)
Overview of Structure	187	(1)
Use	188	(1)
Origin and Development	189	(1)
History	190	(2)
The Call of Zarathushtra (Yasna 29)	190	(1)
A Hymn of Praise to Zarathushtra (Yasht 24:87b--94)	191	(1)
Teaching	192	(2)
Hymn to Ahura and the Purifying Fire (Yasna 36)	192	(1)
Hymn to Ahura Mazda the Creator (Yasna 37:1--5)	192	(1)
The Doctrine of Dualism (Yasna 30)	193	(1)
Worship and Ritual	194	(5)
The Place of the Gathas (Yasna 55:1--3)	194	(1)
The Zoroastrian Confession (Yasna 12)	194	(1)
The Four Great Prayers (From the Yasna)	195	(1)
Disposal of the Dead (Vendidad, Fargard 6, section 5, 44--51)	196	(1)
Glossary	196	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	197	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	197	(2)
Judaism	199	(46)
Introduction	199	(8)
Names	200	(1)
Use	200	(4)
Overview of Structure	204	(1)
Origin and Development	205	(2)
History	207	(6)
The Call of Abraham (Genesis 12:1--9)	207	(1)
The Call of Moses (Exodus 3:1--20)	208	(1)
Crossing the Red Sea (Exodus 14:1--31)	209	(1)
The Covenant with Israel (Exodus 19:1--8)	210	(1)
A Psalm for David (Psalm 132)	211	(1)
Ezra's Enforcement of Torah Observance (Ezra 9:1--7, 13--15; 10:1--12)	212	(1)
Teaching	213	(7)
The Oneness of God (Deuteronomy 6:1--9)	213	(1)
God's Creation of the World (Genesis 1:1--31; 2:1--9, 15--25)	214	(2)
The Revolt of Humanity (Genesis 3:1--24)	216	(1)
Prayer for Divine Deliverance (Psalm 5)	217	(1)
The Messianic King (Isaiah 11:1--9)	217	(1)
The Final Judgment of the World (Daniel 7:1--14)	218	(1)
Resurrection of the Dead (Daniel 12:1--3)	219	(1)
Ethics	220	(8)
The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:1--14)	220	(1)
Laws on Slaves, Violence, and Property (Exodus 21:1--36; 22:15--26)	220	(2)
Justice for All (Exodus 23:1--9)	222	(1)
Holy War (Deuteronomy 20:1--20)	223	(1)
Sexual Love (Song of Songs 1:1--2:17)	224	(1)
God's Call to an Unfaithful People (Amos 4:1--13)	225	(1)
Two Views of Wisdom (Proverbs 1:1--9, 20--33; Ecclesiastes 1:1--9)	226	(2)
The Virtuous Wife (Proverbs 31:10--31)	228	(1)
Organization	228	(4)
The Ordination of Priests (Exodus 29:1--37)	228	(2)
A Call to Be a Prophet (Isaiah 6:1--13)	230	(1)
Women as Judges and Prophets (Judges 4:4--10, 12--16; II Kings 22:11--20)	231	(1)
Ritual	232	(5)
The Establishment of Circumcision (Genesis 17:9--14, 23--27)	232	(1)
The Establishment of the Passover (Exodus 12:1--19, 24--27)	232	(1)
The Observance of the Sabbath (Exodus 31:12--17)	233	(1)
Offerings for the Forgiveness of Sin (Leviticus 4:27--5:7)	234	(1)
The Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:1--5, 11--19, 29--34)	235	(1)
Kosher and Nonkosher Foods (Leviticus 11:1--31, 41--45)	236	(1)
Selections from the Mishnah and the Talmud	237	(8)
The Sayings of the Fathers (Mishnah, Aboth 1.1--18)	237	(2)
The Duty to Marry and Have Children (Babylonian Talmud, Yebamoth 61b--63)	239	(1)
Glossary	240	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	241	(1)
Scriptures in Film	241	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	241	(4)
Christianity	245	(38)
Introduction	245	(7)
Names	245	(1)
Overview of Structure	246	(2)
Use	248	(1)
Origin and Development	249	(3)
History	252	(7)
The Birth of Jesus the Messiah (Matthew 1:18--25)	252	(1)
Jesus' Miracles (Luke 8:26--56)	252	(1)
The Arrest, Trial, and Death of Jesus (Mark 14:43--50, 53--65; 15:1--41)	253	(2)
The Resurrection of Jesus (Mark 16:1--8)	255	(1)
The Ascension of Jesus (Acts 1:6--11)	256	(1)
The Coming of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:1--21)	256	(1)
Persecution of the Apostles (Acts 5:27--42)	257	(1)
The Council at Jerusalem (Acts 15:1--21)	258	(1)
Teaching	259	(5)
The Parables of Jesus (Mark 4:1--34)	259	(1)
The Divine Word Became Human (John 1:1--18)	260	(1)
Nicodemus Visits Jesus (John 3:1--21)	261	(1)
A Sinful Woman Forgiven (Luke 7:36--50)	262	(1)
Results of Justification (Romans 5:1--11)	262	(1)
The End of Time (Matthew 25:31--46; Revelation 20:1--21:4)	263	(1)
Ethics	264	(8)
The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5--7)	264	(4)
Directions Concerning Marriage (I Corinthians 7:1--16, 25--40)	268	(1)
Love (I Corinthians 13:1--13)	269	(1)
Ethics in the Christian Household (Ephesians 5:21--6:9)	270	(1)
Being Subject to Authorities (Romans 13:1--10)	271	(1)
The Fall of Rome (Revelation 17:1--18:5)	271	(1)
Organization	272	(4)
The Twelve Apostles and Their Mission (Matthew 10:1--15)	272	(1)
Matthew's Church Order (Matthew 18:1--10, 15--22)	273	(1)
Peter as the Rock (Matthew 16:13--20)	274	(1)
Qualifications of Bishops and Deacons (I Timothy 3:1--13)	274	(1)
Women in the Early Church (Luke 10:38--42; I Corinthians 11:2--16; Galatians 3:25--28; I Timothy 2:8--15)	275	(1)
Ritual	276	(7)
Baptism (Matthew 28:16--20; Romans 6:1--14)	276	(1)
The Eucharist (Matthew 26:17--19, 26--29; John 6:25--40, 52--59)	277	(1)
Confession and Anointing (James 5:13--18)	278	(1)
Glossary	279	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	279	(1)
Scriptures in Film	279	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	280	(3)
Islam	283	(40)
Introduction	283	(5)
Name	284	(1)
Use	284	(1)
Overview of Structure	285	(2)
Origin and Development	287	(1)
History	288	(6)
The Call of Muhammad (Quran 96; 53:1--18)	288	(1)
The Mission of Muhammad (Quran 11:1--16; 93)	289	(1)
Opposition to Muhammad (Quran 52:30--49; 63)	290	(2)
The Night Journey (Quran 17:1--2)	292	(1)
The Flight to Medina (Quran 9:40)	292	(1)
The Wives of Muhammad (Quran 33:28--40, 48--49)	292	(2)
The Death of Muhammad (Quran 21:34--37)	294	(1)
Teaching	294	(12)
God's Absolute Oneness (Quran 6:100--103; 112)	294	(1)
God's Names (Quran 59:22--24)	295	(1)
God's Power (Quran 24:41--46; 6:95--99)	295	(1)
God's Predestination (Quran 42:8--13; 7:177--182)	296	(1)
Jinn (Quran 72:1--15)	297	(1)
Creation (Quran 15:16--48; 16:1--17)	297	(2)
Adam, Eve, and the Fall (Quran 2:28--37)	299	(1)
The Holy Quran (Quran 42:50--53; 46:1--11; 2:81--85)	299	(2)
On Unbelievers, Jews, and Christians (Quran 9:1--7, 3:38--50; 2:111--121, 132--137)	301	(2)
Resurrection and Judgment (Quran 75:1--15; 69:14--35)	303	(1)
Heaven and Hell (Quran 76:1--22; 56:1--39; 77:1--39)	304	(2)
Ethics	306	(5)
The Conduct of Believers (Quran 17:23--39)	306	(1)
Women (Quran 4:19--22; 34--39; 2:220--223, 227--233)	306	(2)
Against Evil Magic (Quran 113; 114)	308	(1)
The Different Dimensions of Struggle (Jihad) (Quran 6:16, 19--20; 48:11--21; 2:190--194, 216--218)	308	(2)
Law Codes (Quran 4:1--10)	310	(1)
Worship and Ritual	311	(5)
The Opening of the Quran (Quran 1)	311	(1)
Confession of Faith (Quran 57:1--7; 37:32--39)	311	(1)
Prayer (Quran 2:142--149)	312	(1)
Alms (Quran 107; 9:53--60)	313	(1)
The Fast (Quran 2:183--186)	313	(1)
Pilgrimage (Quran 2:124--130; 106; 2:196--199)	314	(1)
The Mosque (Quran 24:36--38; 9:15--18)	315	(1)
Selections from the Hadith	316	(7)
On Innovations	316	(1)
On Ritual Washings	316	(1)
On Prayer	316	(1)
On Alms	317	(1)
On God	317	(1)
On the Power of Reading the Quran	317	(1)
On the Martyr in Jihad	318	(1)
On Plunder in Jihad	318	(1)
On Women and Children in Jihad	318	(1)
On the Steps for Struggle against Enemies	318	(1)
Glossary	319	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	319	(1)
Scriptures in Film	320	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	320	(3)
New Religious Movements	323	(36)
Introduction	323	(6)
Names	324	(1)
Use	325	(1)
Overview of Structure	326	(1)
Origin and Development	327	(2)
The Scripture of Baha'i	329	(6)
The Essence of Baha'i Teaching and a Sketch of the Life of Baha'u'llah (Shoghi Effendi, The Promised Day Is Come, Preface)	329	(1)
Baha'i, Islam, and Christianity (The Bab, Qayyumu'l-Asma, 1, 61--62)	330	(1)
Baha'i Laws (Baha'u'llah, Kitab-I-Aqdas, 1--2, 12--14, 16, 30--34, 45, 49, 56, 63--65, 149--150, 189)	331	(2)
Baha'i Prayers (Short Obligatory Prayer, Medium Obligatory Prayer, Prayer for America)	333	(2)
The Scripture of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints	335	(10)
Joseph Smith's Story (Pearl of Great Price, ``Joseph Smith--History 1'' 1--22, 25--35, 40--47, 51--54, 59--62, 67--74)	335	(3)
The First Description of the Book of Mormon (Book of Mormon, original title page)	338	(1)
The Coming of Jesus Christ in 34 C.E. to the New World (Book of Mormon, ``3 Nephi'' 11.1--41; 18:36--39)	339	(1)
Destruction of the Nephites and Burial of the Golden Plates (Book of Mormon, ``Mormon'' 6:1--3, 6--11, 16--22)	340	(1)
Preparations for the Trek to Utah (Doctrine and Covenants, 136.1--11, 17--24, 30--42)	341	(1)
The Essence of Latter-day Saint Teaching (Pearl of Great Price, ``Articles of Faith'' 1--13)	342	(1)
Church Pronouncements on Polygamy and Admission of Men of African Descent to the Priesthood (Doctrine and Covenants, ``Official Declarations'' 1, 2)	343	(2)
The Scripture of Christian Science	345	(6)
Introduction to Christian Science Scripture and to the Work of Mary Baker Eddy (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, Preface)	345	(2)
The Essence of Christian Science Teaching (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Recapitulation'')	347	(1)
Prayer and Its Role (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Prayer'')	347	(1)
Healing Practices (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Christian Science Practice'')	348	(1)
Interpretation of Genesis 1 (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Genesis'')	349	(1)
Two Testimonials to Healing (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Fruitage'')	350	(1)
The Scripture of the Unification Church	351	(8)
Dual Characteristics of the Universe and of Human Beings (Divine Principle 1.1.1.1)	351	(1)
The Purpose of the Creation of the Universe (Divine Principle 1.1.3.1)	352	(1)
The Spiritual Fall and Physical Fall of Adam and Eve (Divine Principle 1.2.2.1--2)	353	(1)
The Restoration of Humanity (Divine Principle 1.3, Introduction)	354	(1)
Salvation through the Second Messiah, the True Parent (Divine Principle 2, Introduction)	355	(1)
The Advent of the Second Messiah as a Korean (Divine Principle 2.6, Introduction; 2.6.3.2--3)	356	(1)
Glossary	356	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	357	(1)
Scriptures in Film	357	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	357	(2)
Index	359