Anthropology With Infotrac

by Haviland, William A.

• ISBN13: 9780534610203
• ISBN10: 053461020X
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-08-01
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Table of Contents

Preface	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxix
Putting the World in Perspective	xxx
PART I THE STUDY OF HUMANKIND	2	(84)
The Nature of Anthropology	4	(28)
The Development of Anthropology	7	(1)
Frank Hamilton Cushing (1857--1900), Matilda Coxe Stevenson (1849--1915)	7	(1)
Anthropology and the Other Sciences	8	(1)
The Discipline of Anthropology	8	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Forensic Anthropology	9	(6)
Physical Anthropology	10	(1)
Cultural Anthropology	10	(2)
Archaeology	12	(1)
Linguistic Anthropology	13	(1)
Ethnology	14	(1)
Original Study: Encountering Environmentalism in Rural Costa Rica	15	(4)
Anthropology and Science	19	(6)
Franz Boas (1858--1942), Fredric Ward Putnam (1839--1915), John Wesley Powell (1834--1902)	21	(1)
Difficulties of the Scientific Approach	21	(2)
Comparison in Anthropology	23	(1)
George Peter Murdock (1897--1985)	24	(1)
Anthropology and the Humanities	25	(1)
Questions of Ethics	26	(1)
Anthropology and Contemporary Life	26	(4)
Chapter Summary	30	(1)
Classic Readings	31	(1)
Methods of Studying the Human Past	32	(26)
Methods of Data Recovery	34	(2)
The Nature of Fossils	35	(1)
Original Study: Whispers from the Ice	36	(4)
Sites and Fossil Localities	40	(4)
Site and Locality Identification	41	(2)
Site and Locality Excavation	43	(1)
Archaeological Excavation	43	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Cultural Resource Management	44	(4)
Excavation of Fossils	46	(1)
State Of Preservation of Archaeological and Fossil Evidence	47	(1)
Sorting Out the Evidence	48	(6)
Dating the Past	51	(1)
Methods of Relative Dating	52	(1)
Methods of Chronometric Dating	52	(2)
Chance and the Study of the Past	54	(2)
Chapter Summary	56	(1)
Classic Readings	57	(1)
Biology and Evolution	58	(28)
The Classification of Living Things	60	(1)
The Discovery of Evolution	61	(3)
Charles R. Darwin (1809--1882)	63	(1)
Original Study: The Unsettling Nature of Variational Change	64	(1)
Heredity	65	(4)
The Transmission of Genes	65	(1)
Genes	66	(2)
Gregor Mendel (1822--1884)	68	(1)
Chromosomes	68	(1)
Anthropology Applied: The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of the Human Genome Project	69	(4)
Cell Division	70	(2)
Polygenetic Inheritance	72	(1)
Populations Genetics	73	(1)
The Stability of the Population	73	(1)
Evolutionary Forces	74	(5)
Mutation	74	(2)
Genetic Drift	76	(1)
Gene Flow	76	(1)
Interspecies Gene Transfer	77	(1)
Natural Selection	77	(2)
Adaptation	79	(4)
The Case of Sickle-Cell Anemia	80	(3)
Conclusion	83	(1)
Chapter Summary	84	(1)
Classic Reading	85	(1)
PART II PRIMATE EVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE HOMININES	86	(82)
Monkeys, Apes, and Humans: The Modern Primates	88	(30)
The Primate Order	90	(2)
Characteristics	92	(8)
The Primate Brain	92	(1)
Primate Sense Organs	93	(1)
Primate Dentition	94	(1)
The Primate Skeleton	95	(3)
Reproduction and Care of Young	98	(1)
Establishing Evolutionary Relationships	99	(1)
Modern Primates	100	(4)
Strepsirhines	100	(1)
Haplorhines	100	(1)
Tarsiers	101	(1)
New World Monkeys	101	(1)
Old World Monkeys	101	(1)
Small and Great Apes	102	(2)
The Social Behavior of Primates	104	(6)
The Group	104	(1)
Jane Goodall (B. 1934)	105	(1)
Individual Interaction	105	(1)
Sexual Behavior	106	(3)
Play	109	(1)
Communication	109	(1)
Home Ranges	109	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Primate Conservation	110	(3)
Learning	110	(1)
Use of Objects as Tools	111	(1)
Hunting	112	(1)
The Question of Culture	113	(1)
Original Study: The Culture of Chimpanzees	113	(3)
Primate Behavior and Human Evolution	115	(1)
Chapter Summary	116	(1)
Classic Reading	117	(1)
Macroevolution and the Early Primates	118	(26)
Speciation	120	(5)
Isolating Mechanisms	120	(2)
Divergence and Convergence	122	(1)
Linear Evolution	123	(1)
The Nondirectedness of Evolution	123	(2)
Early Mammals	125	(1)
Rise of the Primates	126	(7)
Paleocene Primates	127	(1)
Eocene Primates	128	(1)
Oligocene Monkeys and Apes	129	(1)
Miocene Apes	130	(3)
Original Study: Will the Real Human Ancestor Please Stand Up?	133	(4)
Miocene Apes and Human Origins	137	(4)
Hominoid Adaptations and Late Miocene Climatic Change	138	(3)
Early Apes and Human Evolution	141	(1)
Early Primate: Evolution: an Overview	141	(1)
Chapter Summary	142	(1)
Classic Readings	143	(1)
The Earliest Hominines	144	(24)
Australopithecus	146	(11)
Gracile Australopithecines	147	(7)
Robust Australopithecines	154	(1)
Louis S. B. Leakey (1903--1972), Mary Leakey (1913--1996)	155	(2)
Australopithecine Predecessors	157	(2)
Environment, Diet, and Australopithecine Origins	159	(3)
Humans Stand on Their Own Two Feet	161	(1)
Original Study: The Naked and the Bipedal	162	(4)
Chapter Summary	166	(1)
Classic Readings	167	(1)
PART III EVOLUTION OF THE GENUS HOMO AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY HUMAN CULTURE	168	(98)
Humo habilis and Cultural Origins	170	(22)
Early Representatives of the Genus Homo	172	(4)
Relations Between Homo Habits and Australopithecus	174	(2)
Lower Paleolithic Tools	176	(5)
Olduvai Gorge	176	(2)
Oldowan Tools	178	(3)
Tools, Meat, and Brains	181	(1)
Original Study: Cat in the Human Cradle	181	(6)
Adrienne Zihlman (B. 1940)	185	(2)
The Earliest Signs of Culture: Tools	187	(2)
Cooperation and Sharing	189	(1)
Language Origins	190	(1)
Chapter Summary	190	(1)
Classic Reading	191	(1)
Homo erectus and the Emergence of Hunting and Gathering	192	(24)
Homo Erectus Fossils	194	(6)
Homo erectus from Java	194	(1)
Homo erectus from China	195	(2)
Homo erectus from Africa	197	(1)
Homo erectus from Europe	198	(1)
Physical Characteristics of Homo Erectus	199	(1)
Relationship between Homo Erectus and Homo Erectus	200	(1)
The Culture of Homo Erectus	200	(3)
The Acheulean Tool Tradition	201	(2)
Original Study: Homo Erectus and the Use of Bamboo	203	(6)
Use of Fire	208	(1)
Other Aspects of Homo Erectus' Culture	209	(3)
The Question of Language	212	(2)
Chapter Summary	214	(1)
Classic Readings	215	(1)
Archaic Homo sapiens and the Middle Paleolithic	216	(24)
The Appearance of Homo Sapiens	218	(6)
Levalloisian Technique	221	(1)
Archaic Homo sapiens	221	(2)
African, Chinese, and Javanese Populations	223	(1)
The Culture of Archaic Homo Sapiens	224	(3)
Middle Paleolithic	224	(1)
The Mousterian Tradition	224	(2)
The Symbolic Life of Neandertals	226	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Forensic Archaeology	227	(3)
Neandertals and Spoken Language	228	(2)
Archaic Homo Sapiens and Modern Human Origins	230	(5)
The Multiregional Hypothesis	230	(1)
Franz Weidenreich (1873--1948)	231	(2)
The ``Eve'' or ``Out of Africa'' Hypothesis	233	(2)
Original Study: African Original or Ancient Population Size Differences?	235	(3)
Chapter Summary	238	(1)
Classic Readings	239	(1)
Homo sapiens and the Upper Paleolithic	240	(26)
Upper Paleolithic Peoples: The First Modern Humans	242	(1)
Upper Paleolithic Tools	243	(2)
Anthropology Applied: Stone Tools for Modern Surgeons	245	(2)
Upper Paleolithic Art	247	(5)
Original Study: Paleolithic Paint Job	252	(4)
Other Aspects of Upper Paleolithic Culture	256	(1)
The Spread of Upper Paleolithic Peoples	256	(4)
Where Did Upper Paleolithic People Come From?	260	(2)
Major Paleolithic Trends	262	(2)
Chapter Summary	264	(1)
Classic Readings	265	(1)
PART IV HUMAN BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION SINCE THE OLD STONE AGE	266	(94)
Cultivation and Domestication	268	(32)
The Mesolithic Roots of Farming and Pastoralism	270	(3)
Mesolithic Tools and Weapons	270	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the Mesolithic	271	(2)
The Neolithic Revolution	273	(4)
Domestication: What Is It?	273	(1)
Evidence of Early Plant Domestication	274	(2)
Evidence of Early Animal Domestication	276	(1)
Beginnings of Domestication	276	(1)
Why Humans Became Food Producers	277	(6)
V. Gordon Childe (1892--1957)	278	(5)
Other Centers of Domestication	283	(3)
Anthropology Applied: Archaeology for and by Native Americans	286	(1)
The Spread of Food Production	287	(2)
Culture of Neolithic Settlements	289	(4)
Earliest Full-Fledged Farming Settlements	289	(1)
Jericho: An Early Farming Community	290	(1)
Neolithic Technology	290	(1)
Pottery	291	(1)
Housing	292	(1)
Clothing	292	(1)
Social Structure	293	(1)
Neolithic Culture in the New World	293	(1)
The Neolithic and Human Biology	294	(1)
Original Study: History of Mortality and Physiological Stress	294	(2)
The Neolithic and the Idea of Progress	296	(2)
Chapter Summary	298	(1)
Classic Readings	299	(1)
The Rise of Cities and Civilization	300	(30)
What Civilization Means	302	(4)
Tikal: A Case Study	306	(3)
Surveying the Site	306	(1)
Evidence from the Excavation	307	(2)
Anthropology Applied: Economic Development and Tropical Forests	309	(1)
Cities and Cultural Change	309	(8)
Agricultural Innovation	310	(1)
Diversification of Labor	311	(2)
Central Government	313	(1)
Evidence of Centralized Authority	313	(2)
The Earliest Governments	315	(1)
Social Stratification	316	(1)
Evidence of Social Stratification	317	(1)
Original Study: Finding the Tomb of a Moche Priestess	317	(6)
The Making of Civilizations	323	(3)
Theories of Civilizations Emergence	323	(1)
Irrigation Systems	323	(1)
Trade Networks	323	(1)
Environmental and Social Circumscription	324	(1)
Religion	324	(2)
Civilization and its Discontents	326	(2)
Chapter Summary	328	(1)
Classic Readings	329	(1)
Modern Human Diversity	330	(30)
Variations and Evolutions	332	(1)
Physical Variability	332	(1)
The Meaning of Race	333	(3)
Ashley Montagu (1905--1999)	335	(1)
Race at a Biological Concept	336	(1)
Original Study: Race Without Color	336	(5)
The Concept of Human Races	341	(6)
Some Physical Variables	343	(1)
Skin Color: A Case Study in Adaptation	344	(3)
The Social Significance of Race: Racism	347	(5)
Race and Behavior	348	(1)
Race and Intelligence	348	(2)
Intelligence: What Is It?	350	(2)
Continuing Human Biological Evolution	352	(5)
Anthropology Applied: Studying the Emergence of New Diseases	357	(1)
Chapter Summary	358	(1)
Classic Readings	359	(1)
PART V CULTURE AND SURVIVAL: COMMUNICATING, RAISING CHILDREN, AND STAYING ALIVE	360	(144)
The Nature of Culture	362	(22)
The Concept of Culture	364	(1)
Characteristics of Culture	364	(4)
Culture Is Shared	364	(4)
Anthropology Applied: New Houses for Apache Indians	368	(5)
Culture Is Learned	370	(1)
Culture Is Based on Symbols	371	(1)
Culture Is Integrated	371	(1)
Leslie A. White (1900--1975)	372	(1)
A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881--1955)	373	(1)
Studying Culture in the Field	373	(1)
Original Study: The Importance of Trobriand Women	374	(3)
Culture and Adaptation	377	(3)
Bronislaw Malinowski (1884--1942)	377	(1)
Functions of Culture	377	(1)
Culture and Change	378	(2)
Culture, Society, and the Individual	380	(1)
Evaluation of Culture	380	(2)
Chapter Summary	382	(1)
Classic Readings	383	(1)
Language and Communication	384	(28)
The Nature of Language	387	(4)
The Sound and Shape of Language	388	(1)
Phonology	388	(1)
Morphology	389	(1)
Grammar and Syntax	390	(1)
The Gesture-Call System	391	(4)
Kinesics	392	(2)
Paralanguage	394	(1)
Voice Qualities	394	(1)
Vocalizations	395	(1)
Linguistic Change	395	(3)
Anthropology Applied: Language Renewal among the Northern Ute	398	(2)
Language in its Cultural Setting	400	(3)
Language and Thought	400	(2)
Kinship Terms	402	(1)
Language and Gender	402	(1)
Social Dialects	403	(1)
Original Study: The Great Ebonics Controversy	403	(3)
The Original of Language	406	(4)
Chapter Summary	410	(1)
Classic Readings	411	(1)
Growing Up Human	412	(30)
The Self and the Behavioral Environment	414	(5)
The Self	414	(2)
The Behavioral Environment	416	(2)
The Penobscot	418	(1)
Original Study: The Blessed Curse	419	(4)
Personality	423	(5)
The Development of Personality	423	(2)
Margaret Mead (1901--1978)	425	(1)
Dependence Training	425	(1)
Independence Training	426	(1)
Combined Dependence/Independence Training	427	(1)
Group Personality	428	(5)
Modal Personality	429	(2)
Ruth Fulton Benedict (1887--1947)	431	(1)
National Character	431	(1)
The Japanese	431	(1)
Objections to National Character Studies	432	(1)
Normal And Abnormal Personality	433	(3)
Anthropology Applied: Anthropologists and Mental Health	436	(4)
Chapter Summary	440	(1)
Classic Readings	441	(1)
Patterns of Subsistence	442	(32)
Adaptation	444	(7)
The Unit of Adaptation	446	(1)
Evolutionary Adaptation	447	(1)
Culture Areas	448	(2)
Julian H. Steward (1902--1972)	450	(1)
Culture Core	450	(1)
The Food-Foraging Way of Life	451	(8)
Characteristics of the Food-Foraging Life	453	(2)
The Impact of Food Foraging on Human Society	455	(1)
Subsistence and Gender	455	(1)
Food Sharing	456	(1)
Cultural Adaptations and Material Technology	457	(1)
Egalitarian Society	458	(1)
Food-Producing Society	459	(2)
The Settled Life of Farmers	460	(1)
Original Study: Gardens of the Mekranoti Kayapo	461	(5)
Pastoralism: The Bakhtiari	464	(2)
Anthropology Applied: Agricultural Development and the Anthropologist	466	(5)
Intensive Agriculture and Nonindustrial Cities	467	(1)
Aztec City Life	468	(3)
Nonindustrial Cities in the Modern World	471	(1)
Chapter Summary	472	(1)
Classic Readings	473	(1)
Economic Systems	474	(30)
Economic Anthropology	478	(1)
Resources	478	(10)
Patterns of Labor	478	(1)
Division of Labor by Gender	479	(1)
Age Division of Labor	480	(1)
Cooperation	481	(1)
Craft Specialization	482	(1)
Control of Land and Water	483	(1)
Technology	484	(1)
Leveling Mechanisms	484	(4)
Distribution and Exchange	488	(5)
Reciprocity	486	(2)
Barter and Trade	488	(1)
The Kula Ring	489	(2)
Redistribution	491	(1)
Distribution of Wealth	492	(1)
Original Study: Prestige Economics in Papua Mew Guinea	493	(6)
Market Exchange	496	(3)
Economics, Culture, and the World of Business	499	(2)
Anthropology Applied: Anthropology and the World of Business	501	(1)
Chapter Summary	502	(1)
Classic Readings	503	(1)
PART VI THE FORMATION OF GROUPS: SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF COOPERATION	504	(112)
Sex and Marriage	506	(30)
Control of Sexual Relations	509	(2)
Anthropology Applied: Anthropology and Aids	511	(8)
Rules of Sexual Access	513	(2)
The Incest Taboo	515	(2)
Endogamy and Exogamy	517	(1)
Claude Levi-Strauss (B. 1908)	518	(1)
The Distinction Between Marriage and Mating	518	(1)
Marriage and the Family	519	(1)
Forms of Marriage	519	(5)
The Levirate and the Sororate	522	(1)
Serial Monogamy	522	(1)
Choice of Spouse	523	(1)
Original Study: Arranging Marriage in India	524	(8)
Cousin Marriage	527	(1)
Marriage Exchanges	528	(2)
Same-Sex Marriage	530	(2)
Divorce	532	(2)
Chapter Summary	534	(1)
Classic Readings	535	(1)
Family and Household	536	(26)
Family and Society	539	(1)
Original Study: The Ever-Changing Family in North America	540	(2)
Functions of the Family	542	(2)
Nurturance of Children	542	(1)
Economic Cooperation	543	(1)
Family and Household	544	(1)
Form of the Family	545	(7)
The Nuclear Family	545	(2)
The Extended Family	547	(1)
Residence Patterns	548	(4)
Problems of Family and Household Organization	552	(3)
Polygamous Families	552	(1)
Extended Families	553	(1)
Nuclear Families	554	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Dealing with Infant Mortality	555	(5)
Female-Headed Households	556	(4)
Chapter Summary	560	(1)
Classic Readings	561	(1)
Kinship and Descent	562	(28)
Decent Groups	564	(2)
Unilineal Descent	565	(1)
Patrilineal Descent and Organization	566	(1)
Traditional China: A Patrilineal Society	566	(1)
Original Study: Coping as a Woman in a Man's World	566	(8)
Matrilineal Descent and Organization	570	(1)
The Hopi: A Matrilineal Society	570	(2)
Double Descent	572	(1)
Ambilineal Descent	573	(1)
Ambilineal Descent Among New York City Jews	573	(1)
Forms and Functions of Descent Groups	574	(3)
Lineage	574	(1)
Clan	575	(1)
Phratries and Moieties	576	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Resolving a Native American Tribal Membership Dispute	577	(5)
Bilateral Kinship and the Kindred	579	(1)
Evolution of the Descent Group	580	(2)
Kinship Terminology and Kinship Groups	582	(6)
Eskimo System	582	(1)
Hawaiian System	583	(1)
Iroquois System	583	(1)
Lewis Henry Morgan (1818--1881)	584	(1)
Crow System	584	(2)
Omaha System	586	(1)
Sudanese or Descriptive System	586	(2)
Chapter Summary	588	(1)
Classic Readings	589	(1)
Groupings by Sex, Age, Common Interest, and Class	590	(26)
Grouping by Gender	592	(1)
Age Grouping	593	(3)
Institutions of Age Grouping	595	(1)
Age Grouping in African Societies	595	(1)
Common-Interest Associations	596	(4)
Kinds of Common-Interest Associations	597	(1)
Men's and Women's Associations	598	(1)
Associations in the Postindustrial World	599	(1)
Original Study: Digital Revolution: Indigenous Peoples in Cyberia	600	(2)
Social Stratification	602	(2)
Class and Caste	603	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Anthropologists and Social Impact Assessment	604	(10)
Mobility	607	(2)
Gender Stratification	609	(5)
Development of Stratification	614	(1)
Chapter Summary	614	(1)
Classic Readings	615	(1)
PART VII THE SEARCH FOR ORDER: SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DISORDER	616	(94)
Political Organization and Social Control	618	(36)
Kinds of Political Systems	620	(13)
Uncentralized Political Systems	620	(1)
Band Organization	620	(2)
Tribal Organization	622	(3)
Kinship Organization	625	(1)
Age-Grade Organization	626	(1)
Association Organization	626	(1)
Centralized Political Systems	627	(1)
Chiefdoms	627	(2)
State Systems	629	(2)
Political Leadership and Gender	631	(2)
Political Organizations and the Maintenance of Order	633	(3)
Internalized Controls	633	(1)
Externalized Controls	634	(2)
Original Study: Limits on Power in Bedouin Society	636	(2)
Social Control Through Law	638	(5)
Definition of Law	639	(1)
Functions of Law	640	(1)
Crime	641	(2)
Anthropology Applied: Dispute Resolution and the Anthropologist	643	(1)
Political Organization and External Affairs	644	(4)
War	644	(4)
Political Systems and the Questions of Legitimacy	648	(1)
Reflection and Politics	648	(3)
Chapter Summary	651	(2)
Classic Readings	653	(1)
Cultural and the Supernatural	654	(28)
The Anthropological Approach to Religion	658	(1)
The Practice of Reflection	658	(8)
Supernatural Beings and Powers	659	(1)
Gods and Goddesses	659	(2)
Ancestral Spirits	661	(1)
Sir Edward B. Tylor (1832--1917)	662	(1)
Animism	662	(1)
Animatism	662	(2)
Religious Specialists	664	(1)
Priests and Priestesses	664	(1)
Shamans	664	(2)
Original Study: Healing Among the Ju/`Hoansi of the Kalahari	666	(5)
Rituals and Ceremonies	668	(1)
Rites of Passage	668	(2)
Rites of Intensification	670	(1)
Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft	671	(4)
Witchcraft	672	(1)
Ibibio Witchcraft	673	(1)
The Functions of Witchcraft	674	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Reconciling Modern Medicine with Traditional Beliefs in Swaziland	675	(1)
Psychological Functions of Witchcraft Among the Navaho	676	(1)
The Functions of Religion	676	(2)
Religion and Cultural Change	678	(2)
Revitalization Movements	679	(1)
Chapter Summary	680	(1)
Classic Readings	681	(1)
The Arts	682	(28)
The Anthropological Study of Art	686	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Protecting Cultural Heritages	687	(1)
Verbal Arts	688	(6)
Myth	688	(2)
Legend	690	(2)
Tale	692	(1)
Other Verbal, Arts	693	(1)
The Art of Music	694	(6)
Ferdercia De Laguna (B. 1906)	695	(2)
Functions of Music	697	(3)
Pictorial Art	700	(6)
Southern African Rock Art	701	(5)
Original Study: Bushman Rock Art and Political Power	706	(2)
Chapter Summary	708	(1)
Classic Readings	709	(1)
PART VIII CHANGE AND THE FUTURE: SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF ADJUSTING TO CHANGED CONDITIONS	710	(71)
Cultural Change	712	(34)
Mechanisms of Change	715	(6)
Innovation	715	(3)
Diffusion	718	(2)
Cultural Loss	720	(1)
Repressive Change	721	(6)
Acculturation	721	(2)
Genocide	723	(3)
Directed Change	726	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Development Anthropology and Dams	727	(2)
Franz Boas (1858--1942)	728	(1)
Reactions to Repressive Change	729	(5)
Revitalization Movements	734	(1)
Rebellion and Revolution	734	(1)
Modernization	734	(4)
Skolt Lapps and the Snowmobile Revolution	736	(1)
The Shuar Solution	737	(1)
Original Study: Violence on Indian Day in Brazil 1997	738	(6)
Modernization and the ``Underdeveloped'' World	741	(1)
Modernization: Must It Always Be Painful?	742	(2)
Chapter Summary	744	(1)
Classic Readings	745	(1)
Anthropology and the Future	746	(35)
The Cultural Future of Humanity	748	(6)
Global Culture	749	(2)
The Rise of the Multinational Corporations	751	(3)
Original Study: Standardizing the Body: The Question of Choice	754	(12)
Global Culture: A Good Idea or Not?	758	(1)
Ethnic Resurgence	759	(1)
Cultural Pluralisms	760	(1)
Guatemalan Cultural Pluralism	760	(4)
Ethnocentrism	764	(1)
Global Apartheid	765	(1)
Anthropology Applied: Advocacy for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	766	(2)
Problems of Structural Violence	768	(10)
World Hunger	769	(2)
Pollution	771	(3)
Population Control	774	(3)
The Culture of Discontent	777	(1)
Chapter Summary	778	(1)
Classic Readings	779	(2)
Glossary	781	(11)
Bibliography	792	(23)
Photo Credits	815	(4)
Literary Credits	819	(3)
Index	822