Archaeology of the Southwest, Third Edition

by Cordell,Linda S

• ISBN13: 9781598746754
• ISBN10: 1598746758
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-04-15
• Publisher: ROUTLEDGE

Summary

The long-awaited third edition of this well-known textbook continues to be the go-to text and reference for anyone interested in Southwestern archaeology. It provides a comprehensive summary of the major themes and topics central to modern interpretation and practice. More concise, accessible, and student-friendly, the Third Edition offers students the latest in current research, debates, and topical syntheses as well as increased coverage of Paleoindian and Archaic periods and the Casas Grandes phenomenon. It remains the perfect text for courses on Southwest archaeology at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels and is an ideal resource book for the Southwest researchers' bookshelf and for interested general readers.

Author Biography

Linda S. Cordell continues to conduct archaeological research in the American Southwest. She is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Colorado, Boulder, where she was also director of the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History. She is a Senior Scholar at the School for Advanced Research in Santa Fe and External Faculty at the Santa Fe Institute. Maxine E. McBrinn earned her Ph.D. in Anthropology at the University of Colorado, Boulder. She teaches anthropology and Southwest archaeology as Affiliate Faculty at Metropolitan State College of Denver. She is a Research Associate at The Field Museum in Chicago, the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, and with the Paleo Cultural Research Group.

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Illustrations	p. 8
Preface	p. 13
The Place and Its Peoples	p. 17
Concepts and Boundaries	p. 19
The Southwest's Spanish Colonial History	p. 22
Present-Day Native Peoples	p. 25
Peoples of the Southern Southwest	p. 27
Peoples of the Western Southwest	p. 28
Peoples of the Northern Southwest	p. 29
Archaeological Traditions	p. 35
Approaches to the Past	p. 39
Natural Environments of the Cultural Southwest	p. 41
Physiographic Provinces	p. 41
Climate	p. 44
Plants	p. 48
Animals	p. 51
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction	p. 53
Conclusion	p. 60
Tools for Digging into the Past	p. 61
Beginnings	p. 61
Measuring Archaeological Time in the Southwest	p. 67
Demonstrating Chronology at Pecos	p. 68
The First Pecos Conference	p. 70
Sidebar: Tree-Ring Dating	p. 72
Defining "Archaeological Cultures"	p. 73
Sidebar: Pecos Classification	p. 74
Sidebar: Hohokam Tradition	p. 77
Sidebar: Mogollon Tradition	p. 79
Winds of Change in Archaeological Method and Theory	p. 84
The Rise of Cultural Resource Management Archaeology	p. 87
Developments in Mexico	p. 88
New Directions	p. 90
The First Southwesterners-Paleoindian and Early Archaic Archaeology	p. 97
The Discovery at Folsom	p. 98
Sidebar: Dates and Processes: Why Is It So Hard to Get a Date?	p. 103
Sidebar: Paleoindian and Archaic Complexes, Traditions, and Projectile Point Types in the Southwest	p. 104
The First Southwesterners	p. 107
Clovis	p. 109
After Clovis	p. 115
Chronological Confusions	p. 118
Classification, Technology, and Style	p. 119
Beyond Weaponry	p. 120
Hunters after Folsom	p. 122
After Clovis in the Desert West	p. 123
Overview	p. 126
Transitions to Agriculture, 2100 bce-200 CE	p. 129
Domesticated Plants and Animals in the Native Southwest	p. 130
Origins and Dispersals of Agriculture in the Southwest	p. 136
Contexts of Early Southwestern Farming	p. 143
Migrations, Population Growth, Languages, and Identities	p. 149
Discussion	p. 153
Settlements, Farming, and Increasing Diversity, 200-900 CE	p. 155
Tools, Houses, and Subsistence	p. 155
Houses	p. 158
Agricultural Practices	p. 161
Agriculture in the Desert	p. 164
Agriculture on the Colorado Plateaus	p. 168
Agriculture in the Mountains and Valleys	p. 170
Early Settlements: Building Community	p. 172
The Pithouse-to-Pueblo Transition	p. 175
The Development of Ancestral Pueblo, Hohokam, and Mogollon Settlements	p. 177
Ancestral Pueblo Settlements	p. 177
Hohokam Settlements	p. 180
Mogollon Settlements	p. 182
Beliefs, Symbols, and Ceremony	p. 182
Summary	p. 183
Social and Political Organization, 900-1250 CE	p. 185
The Chaco System	p. 185
Inside Chaco Canyon	p. 186
Outlying Communities and the Chaco Phenomenon	p. 197
The Hohokam System	p. 202
The Sedentary Period Hohokam	p. 202
The Early Classic Period Hohokam	p. 206
Aggregated Systems	p. 208
Mesa Verde	p. 208
The Kayenta Ancestral Pueblos	p. 212
The Mimbres Area	p. 215
Dispersed Systems	p. 219
The Rio Grande Valley	p. 219
The Jornada Mogollon	p. 220
Discussion	p. 221
Movement and Change during Turbulent Times, 1150-1400 CE	p. 223
Ways of Leaving Places and Reasons for Doing So	p. 225
Use-Lives of Settlements	p. 225
Local Depopulations	p. 226
Depopulation of Regions	p. 228
Push factors	p. 229
Warfare	p. 229
Factionalism	p. 233
Disease	p. 233
Environmental Push Factors	p. 235
Pull Factors: Precipitation, Irrigation, and Social Relationships	p. 239
Discussion	p. 242
Coming Together, Making Communities, 1275-1490 CE	p. 247
Considerations of Climate and Natural Environment	p. 251
Patterns of Change in the Social Landscape	p. 252
Patterns in Settlement Layout and Architecture	p. 255
Pattern of Pottery Styles and Their Social Implications	p. 257
Integrating Data about the Integration of Peoples	p. 262
The Lower San Pedro River Valley	p. 263
The Tonto Basin	p. 266
The Mogollon Highlands	p. 267
The Northern Rio Grande Region	p. 268
The Central Rio Grande Region	p. 271
The Casas Grandes Valley	p. 273
Discussion	p. 277
Transitions, Resistance, Accommodations, and Lessons, 1500-1900 CE	p. 279
Apaches, Navajos, and Utes	p. 280
First Encounters	p. 284
Where Was Esteban Killed?	p. 285
The Battle of Hawikku	p. 286
San Gabriel de Yungeh	p. 289
Pueblo Rebellions	p. 290
Contested Histories at Hopi: Awat'ovi and Walpi	p. 293
AwatÆovi	p. 294
Walpi	p. 296
Pueblo Indians and Buffalo Hunters	p. 297
Ransomed Slaves, Protectors of the Crown: New Mexico's Genízaro Population	p. 299
Discussion	p. 302
Looking to the Future	p. 303
References	p. 309
Index	p. 355
About the Authors	p. 368
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