Arguing in Communities : Reading and Writing Arguments in Context

by Hatch, Gary Layne

• ISBN13: 9780767416818
• ISBN10: 0767416813
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-11-05
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This introduction to argumentation with integrated readings and abundant activities combines coverage of the principles of classical argument with a focus on the various community contexts - historical and contemporary - that influence arguments.

Table of Contents

*indicates a selection new to this edition

PART ONE: ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLES

Chapter 1, ARGUMENTS IN CONTEXT

Community and Context

Rhetorical Situations within Communities

The Life Cycle of a Rhetorical Situation

Responding to a Rhetorical Situation

A General Method for Arguing

The Principles in Action: Readings

Understanding Communities

J. B. PRIESTLEY, Wrong Ism

BILL WODRASKA, The Gentle Art of Hunkering

AMY BRUCKMAN, Finding One’s Own in Cyberspace

ANALYZING EVERYDAY ARGUMENTS

*RICK REILLY, The Swooshification of the World

*ROBERT GOLDMAN and STEPHEN PAPSON, Suddenly the Swoosh Is Everywhere

Considering Columbine: The Rhetorical Situation

“What Are You Wearing to the Prom?”

*DENVER POST, Columbine Timeline

*MIKE SORGHAN, Tragedy Focuses Attention on Gun Bills

*CHUCK GREEN, It’s Time to Find Out What’s Wrong with Our Hateful Society

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Chapter 2, ANALYZING AND EVALUATING ETHOS

Ethos: Arguing from Credibility

Creating Ethos

The Principles in Action: Readings

Ethos and Personal Experience

LESLIE MARMOM SILKO, The Border Patrol State

*CAROLYN EDY, Single Motherhood Is a Joy, Not a Disaster

*CHAN-LIN TIEN, A View from Berkeley

Ethos in Visual Argument: Corporate Image Making

Considering Columbine: Responding to the Shootings

*NEWSWEEK Panel Discussion, Moving Beyond the Blame Game

*DARRELL SCOTT, Speech to Congress after Columbine Massacre

*DEVON ADAMS, Mourn for the Killers, Too

*CHARLTON HESTON, Address to the NRA Meeting

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Ethos at Work

*SYLVIA CARY, The Big Bash

*JAMES GILLIGAN, Reflections from a Life Behind Bars: Build Colleges Not Prisons

Chapter 3, ANALYZING AND EVALUATING PATHOS

Pathos: Arguing through Emotion

Creating Pathos

The Principles in Action: Readings

Understanding Pathos

GRETCHEN LETTERMAN, Tiny Fighters Are Victims of Mother’s Smoke

An Analysis of Letterman’s Essay

Pathos in Advertising

Dakin Toy Advertisement

American Red Cross Advertisement

Humane Farming Association Advertisement

Considering Columbine: Remembering the Victims

*KENNETH WOODWARD, The Making of a Martyr

*SCREEN CAPTURE, Voices of Columbine

*JANET BINGHAM, “Gerda Weissmann Klein and Melissa Pillow: Holocaust Survivor Comforts Columbine Survivor”

*ROGER ROSENBLATT, A Note for Rachel Scott

* Students at High School Shooting Memorial

Columbine Memorial

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Personal Experience and Emotion

*JONATHAN COLVIN, Me, My Clone, and I (or In Defense of Human Cloning)

*RON STODGHILL II, In Search of Brotherhood

Pathos in Advertising

*Nature Made Advertisement

*Council for Biotechnology Information Advertisement

*American Civil Liberties Union Advertisement

*Du Pont Advertisement

Chapter 4, ANALYZING AND EVALUATING LOGOS

Logos: Arguing through Reasoning

Creating Logos

Claims

Reasons

Assumptions

Evaluating Logos

Fallacies

Fallacies of Ethos

Fallacies of Pathos

Fallacies of Logos

Quantitative Arguments

The Principles in Action: Readings

Playing the Numbers

STEPHEN BUDIANSKY, The Numbers Racket: How Polls and Statistics Lie

WILLIAM LUTZ, from Doublespeak

*BILL BRYSON, The Risk Factor

*BILL BRYSON, The Numbers Game

Considering Columbine: Looking for Answers

*BARBARA LERNER, The Killer Narcissists: The Missing Explanation

*CHRISTOPHER CALDWELL, Levittown to Littleton: How the Suburbs Have Changed

*JUDITH A. REISMAN, Cultivating Killers: Pop Culture Is Getting Away with Murder

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Practice with Fallacies

*Exercises from ZACHARY SEECH, Logic in Everyday Life

*Exercises from RALPH JOHNSON and J. ANTHONY BLAIR, Logical Self-Defense

American Overconsumption

*GREG CRITSER Let Them Eat Fat

*BILL BRYSON, The Fat of the Land

*LESLIE LAMBERT, Fat Like Me

Chapter 5, WRITING ARGUMENTS

The Process of Writing an Argument

Adapting to the Community

Challenging the Community

Organizing Your Argument

The Principles in Action: Readings

Adapting to the Community

ALABAMA CLERGYMEN, Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., Letter from Birmingham Jail

*KEITH D. MILLER, Letter from Jail

Challenging the Community

*JONATHAN SWIFT, A Modest Proposal

SALLIE TISDALE, We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Story

*URSULA LEGUIN, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas

*SANDRA FELDMAN, The Childswap Society

Taking Your Turn

*TITO MORALES, SUVS: Fuel-Wasting Garbage Trucks?

*PATRICK VALA-HAYNES, What Does Online Shopping Cost Us?

*MICHELE SCARFF, The Full-Time Stress of Part-Time Professors

*CHRISTINE MITCHELL, When Living Is a Fate Worse than Death

*AUDREY ROCK-RICHARDSON, Pay Your Own Way! (Then Thank Mom)

*JUDY PUTNAM, Grieving for a Pet? I Won’t Roll My Eyes

*DONNA CORNACHIO, What Do I Get the Boy Who Has Everything?

*EMILY MOORE, Why Teachers Are Not ‘Those Who Can’t’

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Humor, Satire, and Irony

*GARRY B. TRUDEAU, Doonesbury

*ANNA QUINDLEN, In Defense of *$##@$%#

*DAVID OWEN, How I'm Doing

*ANDY BOROWITZ, Day Trading Made Easy

*GEORGE F. WILL, The Perils of Brushing

*ROBERTA F. BORKAT, A Liberating Curriculum

Student Voices

*RACHEL ROSSHIRT, Our Actors Need Help

*KAYLA CRAWFORD, Quit Blaming Teachers for Low Academic Achievement

*JEFF JONES, The Law of the New Economy

*ERIN BEAVERS, The Case for Graduated Driver Licensing

Chapter 6, WRITING RESEARCHED ARGUMENTS

What Research Contributes to Argument

Types of Research and Sources

What Research Looks Like in Arguments

The Process of Writing From Sources

Documentation Styles

The Principles in Action: Readings

The Dihydrogen Monoxide Controversy

*COALITION TO BAN DHMO, Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide!

*DIHYDROGEN MONOXIDE RESEARCH DIVISION, Dihydrogen Monoxide FAQ

*Material Safety Sheet for Dihydrogen Monoxide

*HYDROGEN HYDROXIDE Now More than Ever!

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

*STEVEN LEVY, The Noisy War Over Napster

*LARS ULRICH, It's Our Property

*ADAM COHEN and CHRIS TAYLOR, The Infoanarchists

*VANESSA HUA, If It Feels Good . . .

*DAN FOST, Napster Use Can Be Research

*GINA ARNOLD, You Say You Want a Revolution?

*KEELY COSBY, Should the Fate of Napster be Determined by the Interpretation of Law?

PART TWO: TYPES OF CLAIMS

Chapter 7, ARGUING CLAIMS ABOUT EXISTENCE

Our Differences about Experience

Questions about Existence

Evaluating Claims about Existence

The Principles in Action: Readings

The Reliability of Eyewitness Testimony

*ELIZABETH LOFTUS, Eyewitnesses Essential But Unreliable

BARRY WINSTON, Stranger Than True: Why I Defend Guilty Clients

The Media and Reported Experience

NEIL POSTMAN and STEVE POWERS, What Is News?

Controversial Claims about Existence

*DAVID FRANCE, The HIV Disbeliever

*CURTIS PEEBLES, Abductions and Abductionists

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

The Digital Divide

*CHRIS O'MALLEY, The Digital Divide

*THOMAS A. STEWART, A Nation of Net Have-Nots? No.

*ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, III, Falling for the Gap

*LOGAN HILL, Racial Digital Divide

JENNIFER LACH, Crossing the Digital Divide

Chapter 8, ARGUING CLAIMS ABOUT CAUSALITY

Types of Causes

Constructing Cause-and-Effect Diagrams

Explaining Causality

Evaluating Claims about Causality

The Principles in Action: Readings

VIRGINIA JENKINS, from The Lawn: A History of an American Obsession

*FORD FESSENDEN, They Threaten, Seethe and Unhinge, Then Kill in Quantity and How Youngest Killers Differ: Peer Support

*MICHAEL W. FOX, Manure, Minerals, and Methane

*TERRY CAESAR, In and Out of Elevators in Japan

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Male Body Image

*HARRISON G. POP, JR., et al, Evolving Ideas of Male Body Image as Seen Through Action Toys

*RICHARD LACAYO, Are You Man Enough?

Computers and Youth Culture

*IAN ZACK, Universities Find Sharp Rise in Computer-Aided Cheating

*JOHN LELAND, The Secret Life of Teens

*AMY HARMON, Study Says Net Use, Depression May Be Linked

Chapter 9, ARGUING CLAIMS ABOUT LANGUAGE

Our Differences about Language

Arguing about What Words Mean

Defining Troublesome Terms

Arguing about How Language Should be Used

Evaluating Claims about Language

The Principles in Action: Readings

Language and Advertising

LESLIE SAVAN, The Bribed Soul

CHARLES O’NEILL, The Language of Advertising

Defining a Troublesome Term: What Is Love?

ROBERT SOLOMON, Models and Metaphors: The Game of Love

*THOMAS SOWELL, Love and Other Four-Letter Words

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Chapter 10, ARGUING CLAIMS ABOUT VALUES

Our Disagreements about Values

Arguing about What We Value

Evaluation

Evaluating Claims about Values

The Principles in Action: Readings

Value Systems

*ROBERT L. SIMON, Get Students Past “Absolutophobia”

*ROBERT D. RIEKE and MALCOLM O. SILLARS, American Value Systems

Ethical Discussions in Business, Law, and Medicine

ALBERT CARR, Is Business Bluffing Ethical

MONROE FREEDMAN, Professional Responsibility of the Criminal Defense Lawyer

RAYMOND DUFF and A. G. M. CAMPBELL, Moral and Ethical Dilemmas in the Special-Care Nursery

Evaluating the Quality of Consumer Goods

*CONSUMER REPORTS, It’s Only Water, Right?

*CONSUMER REPORTS, Mmmm Chocolate

*CONSUMER REPORTS, Cream of the Crop

*CONSUMER REPORTS, Roll Models

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

The Internet and the Right to Privacy

*JEFFREY ROSEN, The Eroded Self

*TOM CATTAPAN, Destroying E-Commerce's Cookie Monster Image

Ethical Issues Related to Cloning

*NEW SCIENTIST, The Last Taboo

*COMMONWEAL, Of Mice, Jellyfish, and Us

*MICHAEL D. LEMONICK, Could a Clone Ever Run for President

*MARGARET TALBOT, Clone of Silence

OLIVER MORTON, Clone a Friend

Chapter 11, ARGUING CLAIMS ABOUT ACTIONS

Kaizen and Our Disagreements about Actions

Problems and Solutions

Individual and Collective Action

Evaluating Claims about Actions

The Principles in Action: Readings

Responding to Controversial Social Issues

MOLLY IVINS, Ban the Things. Ban Them All

CORETTA SCOTT KING, The Death Penalty Is a Step Back

*RUSSELL BAKER, Taking the Saps

Solving Complex Problems

*GIL GARCETTI, Distinguishing Between Felons and Truants

*DAVE PLANK, Deadly Dosing

*from THE ECONOMIST, A Global Disaster

Addressing Incivility

*DAVID TAYLOR, No, Please, After You

*KATIE ROIPHE, Campus Climate Control

Practicing the Principles: Activities

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Grading: Problems and Solutions

*JOHN LEO, 'A' for Effort

*PAUL GOODMAN, A Proposal to Abolish Grading

*KURT WIESENFELD, Making the Grade

Changing the Educational Environment

*LYLA FOX, Hold Your Horsepower

*NATE STULMAN, The Great Campus Goof-Off Machine

*PATRICA A. KING, Science for Girls Only

Chapter 12, Arguing with Images

The Variety of Visual Arguments

Product Logos

Advertisements

Political Communication

Propaganda

News

Entertainment

Art

Design

The Rhetorical Situation and Visual Arguments

Images and Persuasion

Visual Ethos

Visual Pathos

Visual Logos

Strategies of Visual Argument

Applying the Principles: Analytical Projects

Images Go to War

STEVEN PERRY, Infestations of the National Body: Hitler's Rhetorical Portrait of the Jews

Framing News Photographs

TERRY SPENCER, Months of Preparation Got Miami Photographer Winning Shot

ROBERT CAPA, D-Day, Omaha Beach, Normandy, France

HARRY LEADER / CORBIS BETTMANN, John F. Kennedy, Jr., Saluting His Father's Casket

EDDIE ADAMS, Vietnamese Brig. Gen. Nguyen Ngoc Loan Executing a Viet Cong Prisoner on a Saigon Street

NICK UT, Vietnamese Girl Fleeing a Napalm Attack

JOHN FILO, Mary Anne Vecchio over the Body of Jeffrey Miller

Campaign Advertisements

ESTHER THORSON, What's the Spin?

Practicing the Principles: Activities

TIME Magazine Covers

The 30-Second Candidate

The Human Face

You Are What You Wear

Images in Advertising

Applying the Principles On Your Own: Two Projects

Becoming an Ad Critic

Images of September 11, 2001

Editorial Cartoons