Argument!

by Messenger, Erica; Seyler, Dorothy

• ISBN13: 9780073384016
• ISBN10: 0073384011
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-01-08
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

ARGUMENT!marries solid instruction in critical reading and analysis, argument, and research strategies with a visually engaging and dynamic design.ARGUMENT!teaches students how to read with a critical eye, how to think about and respond to the ideas of others, and ultimately how to craft their own effective, relevant, and engaging arguments. WithARGUMENT!students will learn how to acknowledge and respond to the complex arguments (both visual and textual) that exist all around them in addition to entering debates with their own strong and thoughtful voice.

Table of Contents

[reading arguments critically]
Reading Arguments with a Critical Eye	p. 2
Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others	p. 22
[writing arguments]
The Basics of Argument	p. 46
Writing Effective Arguments	p. 66
More about Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies	p. 86
The Refutation Essay	p. 104
The Position Essay	p. 118
The Causal Essay	p. 134
The Problem/Solution Essay	p. 150
[writing a researched argument]
Planning the Researched Argument	p. 162
Evaluating and Utilizing Sources	p. 186
Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument	p. 200
Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)	p. 224
[an anthology of contemporary arguments]
The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture	p. 254
The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World	p. 270
Violent Media or Violent Society?	p. 288
America in the Age of Obama	p. 302
Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century	p. 320
Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century	p. 336
Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care	p. 354
Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values	p. 372
Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture	p. 386
Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis	p. 400
Reading Arguments with a Critical Eye
What Does an Argument Look Like?	p. 4
Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments	p. 4
Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments	p. 5
Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now	p. 6
“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”	p. 7
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments	p. 8
Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others?	p. 8
Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument	p. 8
Active Reading: Use Your Mind!	p. 9
Understanding the Arguments of Others	p. 9
Editorial: “Music Piracy: A New Tune”	p. 11
Examining the Context of an Argument	p. 12
Who Is the Author?	p. 12
Who Is the Audience?	p. 12
What Is the Author’s Purpose?	p. 13
What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?	p. 13
Understanding an Author’s Attitude and Tone	p. 14
Denotative and Connotative Word Choice	p. 14
Recognizing Tone	p. 16
Analyzing an Author’s Tone	p. 16
Analyzing for Tone: Word Choice	p. 16
Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure	p. 17
Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors	p. 18
Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples	p. 18
Analyzing for Tone: Repetition	p. 19
Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony	p. 19
Analyzing for Tone: Visuals	p. 19
Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others
Responding to Arguments	p. 24
Responding to Content: What Does It Say?	p. 24
Writing Summaries	p. 24
“The Gettysburg Address”	p. 24
“In Praise of a Snail’s Pace”	p. 26
Writing Paraphrases	p. 28
From “A Free Man’s Worship”	p. 29
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written?	p. 29
Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis	p. 30
“In a Battle of Wits with Kitchen Appliances, I’m Toast”	p. 31
Planning a Style Analysis	p. 32
Drafting a Style Analysis	p. 32
“Choosing Our Families”	p. 33
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”	p. 35
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose?	p. 36
Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review	p. 36
Knowing Your Audience	p. 37
Understanding Your Purpose	p. 37
Establishing a General Plan	p. 38
Drafting the Critique or Review	p. 38
The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events?	p. 38
“Chance and Circumstance”	p. 39
Medical News Today
“Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers
Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”	p. 42
“Beware of Facebook Danger”	p. 43
[writing arguments]
The Basics of Argument
Characteristics of Argument	p. 48
Argument Is Conversation with a Goal	p. 48
Argument Takes a Stand on an Arguable Issue	p. 49
Argument Uses Reasons and Evidence	p. 49
Argument Incorporates Values	p. 50
Argument Recognizes the Topic’s Complexity	p. 50
The Shape of Argument	p. 50
The Aristotelian Model	p. 50
The Toulmin Model	p. 52
The Language of Claims and Support	p. 53
Types of Claims	p. 53
Support for Claims	p. 56
“Paradise Lost”	p. 58
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments	p. 61
“Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”	p. 62
Writing Effective Arguments
Inaugural Address	p. 68
Know Your Audience	p. 69
Who Is My Audience?	p. 69
What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?	p. 69
Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?	p. 71
How Should I Speak to My Audience?	p. 72
Understand Your Writing Purpose	p. 74
Move from Topic to Claim to Possible Support	p. 74
Selecting a Topic	p. 74
Drafting a Claim or Thesis	p. 75
Listing Possible Grounds	p. 75
Listing Grounds for the Other Side or Another Perspective	p. 75
Considering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument	p. 76
Planning Your Approach	p. 77
Organizing and Drafting Your Argument	p. 78
Revising Your Draft	p. 78
Editing	p. 80
Word Choice and Tone	p. 80
Proofreading	p. 81
“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”	p. 84
More about Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, SLIPPERY SLOPE and Logical Fallacies Induction	p. 88
Deduction	p. 89
Analogy	p. 90
Arguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies	p. 91
Causes of Illogic	p. 92
Fallacies That Result from Oversimplifying	p. 93
“Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores”	p. 94
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue	p. 97
“To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers Is Justice”	p. 98
Letter: “Legalization of Drugs Would Solve Many
Problems for Government”	p. 102
Letter: “Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking”	p. 103
The Refutation Essay
What Is a Refutation Essay?	p. 106
Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay	p. 107
“Gender Games”	p. 107
Using Research in Refutation Arguments	p. 110
“The Case for Legal Late-Term Abortions”	p. 110
“You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”	p. 114
The Position Essay
Characteristics of a Position Argument	p. 120
Writing a Position Essay	p. 120
Planning and Organizing the Position Essay	p. 120
Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground	p. 121
Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”	p. 125
Drafting the Position Essay	p. 126
“Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”	p. 131
The Causal Essay
What Is a Causal Essay?	p. 136
Characteristics of Causal Arguments	p. 137
Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments	p. 137
Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes	p. 138
Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument	p. 139
Planning the Causal Argument	p. 139
Using Visuals in the Causal Essay	p. 141
Drafting the Causal Argument	p. 141
Counterarguments in Causal Essays	p. 142
A Checklist for Revision	p. 142
“TV Really Might Cause Autism”	p. 143
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments	p. 145
“A Specious ‘Experiment’ ”	p. 147
The Problem/Solution Essay
Characteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments	p. 152
Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument	p. 154
Drafting	p. 155
A Checklist for Revision	p. 156
Editorial: “Reviewing Criminal Justice”	p. 157
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments	p. 158
“A New Strategy for the War on Drugs”	p. 160
[writing a researched argument]
Planning the Researched Argument
Finding a Workable and Manageable Topic	p. 164
Who Is My Audience?	p. 164
What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints?	p. 167
What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?	p. 167
How Can I Select a Good Topic?	p. 168
Writing a Tentative Claim or Research Proposal	p. 169
Locating Effective Print and Online Sources	p. 170
Preparing a Working Bibliography	p. 171
Basic Form for Books	p. 172
Basic Form for Articles	p. 172
Knowing Your Library	p. 172
Locating Books	p. 173
Using the Reference Collection	p. 174
Basic Reference Tools	p. 174
Using Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online	p. 175
Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online	p. 179
Searching the Internet	p. 180
Conducting Field Research	p. 180
Federal, State, and Local Government Documents	p. 180
Correspondence	p. 182
Interviews	p. 183
Lectures	p. 183
Films, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia Sources	p. 183
Surveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research	p. 183
Evaluating and Utilizing Sources
Finding Sources	p. 188
Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility	p. 189
Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism	p. 192
What Is Common Knowledge?	p. 194
Taking Notes on Sources	p. 194
Using “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation	p. 196
Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument
Organizing the Paper	p. 202
The Formal Outline	p. 203
Drafting the Paper	p. 204
Plan Your Time	p. 204
Handle Documentation As You Draft	p. 204
Choose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style	p. 204
Avoid Ineffective Openings	p. 205
Write Effective Openings	p. 206
Compose Solid, Uni¿ ed Paragraphs	p. 207
Provide Unity and Coherence	p. 207
Guide Readers through Source Material	p. 209
Synthesize Source Material and Your Own Ideas	p. 210
Avoid Ineffective Conclusions	p. 212
Write Effective Conclusions	p. 212
Choose an Effective Title	p. 213
The Completed Paper	p. 213
Revising the Paper: A Checklist	p. 213
Rewriting	p. 214
Editing	p. 214
Proofreading	p. 214
Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)
MLA Style	p. 226
MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation	p. 226
Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” Page	p. 228
Author/Year or APA Style	p. 235
APA Style: In-Text Citations	p. 235
APA Style: Preparing a List of References	p. 238
Sample Student Essay in APA Style	p. 241
Footnote or Endnote Style	p. 250
In-Text Citations	p. 250
Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference	p. 250
Sample Footnotes/Endnotes	p. 251
Footnote/Endnote Form: Short Forms	p. 252
Sample Bibliography	p. 253
[an anthology of contemporary arguments]
The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture
“The End of Consumer Culture?”	p. 256
“Turning Goys Into Girls”	p. 260
Nissan Advertisement	p. 264
“Social Lubricant: How a Marketing Campaign Became the Catalyst for a Societal Debate”	p. 265
Product Placement: Mcdonald’S Ad in 30 Rock	p. 267
“Why the Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”	p. 268
The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World
“Accident” Advertisement From Apple (MAC VS. PC)	p. 273
“PowerPoint: Killer App?”	p. 274
“Obama: ‘It is unacceptable that the United States ranks 5th in the world in broadband adoption’ ”	p. 276
“Out of the Woods: Today’s Kids Can’t See the Forest for the MTV”	p. 277
“Society Is Dead: We Have Retreated Into the iWorld”	p. 279
“Is MySpace Good for Society? A Freakonomics Quorum”	p. 281
“On Facebook, Biggest Threat to Your Private Data May Be You”	p. 285
Violent Media or Violent Society?
“Supremacy Crimes”	p. 290
Kids, Guns, and Television	p. 293
Editorial cartoon	p. 294
“What’s Up Doc? A Bloody Outrage, That’s What”	p. 295
The Boondocks	p. 298
“How Hip-Hop Music Lost Its Way and Betrayed Its Fans”	p. 299
America in the Age of Obama
Meet the Press Transcript, Tom Brokaw and Colin Powell	p. 304
Political cartoon on Barack Obama	p. 310
“What Obama’s Election Really Means to Black America”	p. 311
Time Magazine Cover	p. 313
“The Age of Obama: Obama Will Need the Spirits of Kennedy, FDR and Lincoln, and Also a Patient Public”	p. 314
The Amazing Spider-Man, Inaugural Day edition	p. 318
Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century
National Education Association Web Site	p. 322
Political cartoon on standardized testing	p. 325
Editorial cartoon about education	p. 326
“Left Behind, Way Behind”	p. 327
“Education Funding: Follow the Money”	p. 328
“The Digital Library Plan: Riches We Must Share”	p. 331
“The Digital Library Plan: But Not at Writers’ Expense”	p. 332
Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century
“The Schools Are Destroying Freedom of Speech”	p. 338
“Why the First Amendment (and Journalism) Might Be in Trouble”	p. 340
“A Little Civility, Please”	p. 343
“What Limits Should Campus Networks Place on Pornography?”	p. 344
“A Perfect Storm: Privacy. Neutrality. Free Expression”	p. 347
Free Speech Coalition, Inc. Web Site	p. 349
Photo of “Bong Hits 4 Jesus” Banner	p. 351
Political cartoon on free speech	p. 352
Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care
Photo About Rescinding Mexico City Policy	p. 357
Photo of Animal Rights Protest	p. 358
Stop Aerial Wolf Hunting in Alaska Web Site	p. 359
Illustration about the death penalty	p. 360
Political cartoon on race and the death penalty	p. 361
Youtube Video About the Death Penalty	p. 362
“Elizabeth Edwards: Favors Clinton’s Health Plan, Says Obama’s ‘Not Universal,’ Slams McCain’s as Ineffective”	p. 363
“Is Health Care a Right?”	p. 365
“The Right Vision of Health Care”	p. 368
Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values
Graph by Todd Trumbull, San Francisco Chronicle	p. 374
“Gay Rights in California”	p. 375
Protect Marriage: Vote “Yes” on Proposition 8 Web Site	p. 376
“My Daughters Have No Mother”	p. 378
Political cartoon on gay marriage	p. 380
“The Worst Thing About Gay Marriage”	p. 381
Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture
“The Challenge for the Obama Administration Science Team”	p. 388
An Inconvenient Truth Web Site	p. 391
“Trouble Ahead for Science”	p. 393
“Florida’s Darwinian Interlude”	p. 395
“Censoring Science Won’t Make Us Any Safer”	p. 396
Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis
“Behind the Curve”	p. 402
“Bailout Politics”	p. 404
Americans United For Change Advertisements	p. 406
Political cartoon on Barack Obama	p. 407
“The Real Scandal of AIG”	p. 408
Youtube Video of Jim Cramer on the Today Show	p. 409
“The Shadow of Depression”	p. 410
Credits	p. 413
Index	p. 419
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