Arguments And Arguing

by Hollihan, Thomas A.; Baaske, Kevin T.

• ISBN13: 9781577663621
• ISBN10: 1577663624
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-11-05
• Publisher: Waveland Pr Inc

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Part I Principles of Argumentation	1	(178)
Argumentation as a Human Symbolic Activity	3	(16)
Senses of the Term Argument	5	(2)
Argumentation and Individual Decision Making	7	(1)
Argumentation and Democratic Decision Making	8	(1)
Argumentation and Values	9	(4)
Ethics and Argumentation	13	(1)
Summary	14	(5)
Key Terms	15	(1)
Activities	15	(1)
Recommended Readings	16	(1)
Notes	16	(3)
The Foundations of Argument	19	(16)
The Narrative Paradigm	24	(4)
The Limits of Argument	28	(2)
The Study of Argumentation	30	(1)
Summary	31	(4)
Key Terms	31	(1)
Activities	31	(1)
Recommended Readings	32	(1)
Notes	33	(2)
Audiences and Fields of Argument	35	(18)
Knowing Your Audience	36	(1)
Assessing Your Audience	37	(5)
People Evaluate Arguments Differently	42	(1)
The Principle of Presence	43	(2)
Argument Fields	45	(3)
Summary	48	(5)
Key Terms	48	(1)
Activities	49	(1)
Recommended Readings	50	(1)
Notes	50	(3)
The Language of Argument	53	(20)
Understanding Language	55	(3)
Language and Good Stories	58	(7)
Metaphor	65	(4)
Summary	69	(4)
Key Terms	69	(1)
Activities	69	(1)
Recommended Readings	70	(1)
Notes	71	(2)
Argumentation and Critical Thinking	73	(22)
Propositions	74	(1)
Types of Propositions	75	(4)
The Techniques for Analyzing Propositions	79	(13)
Summary	92	(3)
Key Terms	93	(1)
Activities	93	(1)
Recommended Readings	94	(1)
Notes	94	(1)
Types of Arguments	95	(20)
Inductive Arguments	96	(6)
Deductive Arguments	102	(2)
The Deductive Syllogism	104	(3)
The Toulmin Model	107	(4)
Summary	111	(4)
Key Terms	112	(1)
Activities	112	(1)
Recommended Readings	112	(1)
Notes	113	(2)
The Grounds for Argument	115	(22)
Premises	116	(7)
Examples	123	(1)
Statistics	124	(4)
Testimony	128	(5)
Summary	133	(4)
Key Terms	133	(1)
Activities	133	(1)
Recommended Readings	134	(1)
Notes	134	(3)
Building Arguments	137	(22)
Defining Research	137	(1)
Planning the Research Process	138	(2)
Sources of Information	140	(7)
How to Record the Evidence	147	(3)
What to Look for When Researching	150	(3)
Organizing Your Advocacy	153	(2)
Summary	155	(4)
Key Terms	155	(1)
Activities	156	(1)
Recommended Readings	156	(1)
Notes	157	(2)
Refuting Arguments	159	(20)
The Refutation Process Defined	160	(1)
Focused Listening (Step One)	160	(2)
Critically Evaluating Arguments (Step Two)	162	(7)
Formulating a Response (Step Three)	169	(3)
Presenting Your Response (Step Four)	172	(3)
Summary	175	(4)
Key Terms	176	(1)
Activities	176	(1)
Recommended Readings	177	(1)
Notes	177	(2)
Part II Argumentation in Specialized Fields	179	(112)
Academic Debate: Overview	181	(22)
The Debate Orientation	181	(1)
The Resolution	182	(1)
Three Types of Academic Debating	183	(2)
Format	185	(3)
The Nature of Debate Arguments	188	(8)
Flow Sheeting as Systematic Note Taking	196	(5)
Summary	201	(2)
Key Terms	201	(1)
Activities	201	(1)
Recommended Readings	202	(1)
Notes	202	(1)
Academic Debate: Additional Insights	203	(20)
The Resolution	203	(4)
Hasty Generalizations	207	(2)
Plans and Counterplans	209	(3)
Thinking Strategically	212	(2)
Specialized Debate Formats	214	(5)
Summary	219	(4)
Key Terms	219	(1)
Activities	220	(1)
Recommended Readings	220	(1)
Notes	221	(2)
Argumentation in Politics: Campaigns and Debates	223	(18)
Issues and Voters	224	(1)
Voter Attitudes	225	(2)
Campaigns as Stories	227	(6)
The Structure and Form of Campaign Arguments	233	(1)
Political Debates	234	(3)
Summary	237	(4)
Key Terms	237	(1)
Activities	237	(1)
Recommended Readings	238	(1)
Notes	238	(3)
Argumentation and the Law	241	(20)
The U.S. Judicial System	242	(1)
The Assumptions of the System	243	(3)
The Attorney-Client Relationship	246	(1)
The Role of Attorneys in Pretrial Phases	247	(6)
The Role of Attorneys in the Trial	253	(5)
Summary	258	(3)
Key Terms	259	(1)
Activities	259	(1)
Recommended Readings	259	(1)
Notes	260	(1)
Argumentation in Business and Organizations	261	(14)
Competing Interests in Organizations	262	(1)
Preparing Arguments to Meet Objectives	263	(2)
Shaping the Message: Devising Strategies	265	(4)
The Oral Presentation	269	(2)
Encountering Resistance	271	(1)
Follow-up Activities	272	(1)
Summary	273	(2)
Key Terms	273	(1)
Activities	273	(1)
Recommended Readings	274	(1)
Notes	274	(1)
Argumentation in Interpersonal Relationships	275	(16)
Arguing and Conflict Mediation Strategies	276	(3)
A Conversational Theory of Argument	279	(4)
Strategic Dimensions of Conversational Argument	283	(1)
Argumentation and Self-Esteem	284	(1)
The Importance of Empathic Listening	285	(1)
Summary	286	(5)
Key Terms	286	(1)
Activities	287	(1)
Recommended Readings	288	(1)
Notes	288	(3)
Epilogue	291	(2)
Appendix A: Two Political Speeches	293	(16)
Appendix B: The Final Round Transcript	309	(14)
Appendix C: Case Study for Analysis	323	(22)
Glossary	345	(12)
Index	357