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I. EXPLORING THE HUMANITIES
1. The Humanities: A Shining Beacon
Overview of this Book
Gifts of the Humanities
Beauty
Beautiful Movement
Language
Ideas
Deeper Sense of the Past
Becoming an “Infinite” Person
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
2. The Humanities and Critical Thinking
Overview
Apollonian and Dionysian Responses to the Humanities
The Popcorn Syndrome
Empathy and Alienation
The Importance of Knowing when a Purely Emotional Response is Appropriate
The Importance of Responding Critically
Exercising the Mind
Solving Problems
Challenging Assumptions
Recognizing Contexts
A Guide to Critical Viewing: Professional and Personal
Role of the Professional Critic
The Personal Critical Response
Literalists and Figuratists
Literalist Speech
Figuratist Speech
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
3. Myth and the Origin of the Humanities
Archetypes in Mythology
The Hero as World Myth
The Power of Words
The Power of Numbers
The Circle
The Journey
The Garden
Gods as Human Beings
Myth as Explanation
Creation
The Natural World
Human Suffering
Cursed by Fate
Myths of Childhood
How We Get Our values
The Importance of Being Attractive and Rich
The Importance of Names
The Dark Side
Popular Mythology
Common Sayings
How Myth Influences the Humanities
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
II. DISCIPLINES OF THE HUMANITIES
4. Literature
Literature as History
The Basic Literary Impulse: Identity
The First Epic: Gilgamesh
An Early Masterpiece: Homer’s Iliad
Poetry
Lyrical Poetry
The Sonnet
Metaphors and Conceits
A Modern Love Sonnet
Haiku
Simple Forms, Profound Meaning: William Blake
Religious Poetry
Modernism Moves Forward: Emily Dickinson
Poetry of the Harlem Renaissance
Poetry in Our Time
The Novel
Early Western Novels
The Novel in America
The Coming-of-Age Novel
The Short Story
Magazine Fiction
Epiphany
The Short Story Today: John Updike
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
Take a Closer Look: Collier’s “The Chaser”
5. Art
The Need to Imitate
Let Me See!
Styles and Media
Creating Likeness in Different Styles
Classical Art
Medieval Art
Renaissance Art
A Rebellion against Perfect Likeness
Goya
Impressionism
Post-Impressionism: Van Gogh
Art as Alternation
The Sixty-Ninth Regiment Armory Show, 1913
Cubism: Picasso and Braque
Unreal Realism
Superrealism
Camera and Computer Art
Pop Art
Performance, Prank, and Installation Art
Architecture
Religious Architecture
Secular Architecture
Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank O. Gehry
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
Take a Closer Look: Kahlo’s “Self-Portrait on the Border Between Mexico and the United States”
6. Music
The Basic Elements of Music
Tone
The Scale
Rhythm
Melody
Harmony and the Orchestra
Silence
The Varieties of Musical Experience
A Bach Fugue
A Beethoven Symphony
Art Songs
Folk Songs
The Spiritual
Gospel Songs
Ragtime, Jazz, Blues
Popular Songs
Hip-Hop
Contemporary Non-Western Music
The Musical Avant-Garde
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
Take a Closer Look: DeBussy’s “Clair de Lune”
7. Theater
Major Tragic and Serious Plays in Theater History
Greek Classical Theater and Elizabethan Theater: A Comparison
The Recognition Scene in Sophocles and Shakespeare
Aristotle on the Nature of Tragedy
Shakespeare and Dramatic Verse
Neoclassic Tragedy
Realism and Naturalism
Modern Genres and Conventions
Modern Tragedy
Melodrama and Tragedy
Comedy in Theatre History
Satire
Shakespeare’s Comedy of Character
Farce
Contemporary Anti-Middle-Class Comedy
Contemporary Serious Comedy
Parody
Theater of Ideas
Ibsen
Shaw
Naturalism
Chekov
The Family Theme
A Theatrical Century of Dynamic Change
The Modern Theater of Ideas
Theatre of Cruelty
Racial Themes
Gay Rights
Backstage
The Director
Tablework
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
Take a Closer Look: Miller’s “Death of a Salesman”
8. The Musical Stage: Opera, Music Drama, Dance
Early History of Musical Theater
Monteverdi
Classical and Baroque Opera
Mozart
Verdi and Romantic Opera
Wagner
Modern Opera and Operetta
Treemonisha
Showboat: An Operetta
Porgy and Bess
Other Modern Operas of Note
The Broadway Musical
Of Thee I Sing
The Musical Play
Pal Joey
Oklahoma!
West Side Story
Spring Awakening
Next to Normal
Dance
Early History
Ballet
French Ballet: Giselle
Russian Ballet: Tchaikovsky and Diaghilev
Modern Dance
Martha Graham
Other Schools of Modern Dance
Folkloric Dance
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
Take a Closer Look: La Boehme and Rent
9. Cinema
Conventions of Film
Sound
The Camera
Color
Time
Challenging Conventions
Some Early Milestones
Early Filmmakers: D.W. Griffith
Early Filmmakers: Sergei Eisenstein
Major Film Genres
Slapstick Comedy: Sennet and Chaplin
Farce: The Marx Brothers
Enduring Appeal of the Animated Film
Film Noir
Romantic Comedy
The Screen Musical
The Western
Social Issues
Documentaries
Fictionalized Biography
Loosely Based on the Original
Two American Film Classics
Citizen Kane
Casablanca
The Film Auteur
Ingmar Bergman
Federico Fellini
Alfred Hitchcock
Akira Kurosawa
Stanley Kubrick
Francis Ford Coppola
A Word of Critical Viewing
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
Take a Closer Look: Saving Private Ryan
III. THEMES IN THE HUMANITIES
10. Religion
Overview
The Belief in Many Gods
Egypt
Hinduism
Polytheism in Greece and Rome
Native American Religions
The Belief in an Impersonal Divinity
How Hinduism led to Buddhism
Buddhism
Taoism
Socrates and Plato
Aristotle’s Unmoved Mover
The Belief in One God
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
The Protestant Reformation
Doubt
Agnosticism
Atheism
Religion and the Arts
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
11. Morality
Morality and the Arts
Morality and Philosophy
Moral Systems
The Morality of Self-Interest
Glaucon versus Socrates
The Philosopher King
Government and Self-Interest
Rebellions against Self-Interest
Satirical Praise for Self-Interest
“Enlightened” Self-Interest: Machiavelli
“Enlightened” Self-Interest: Thomas Hobbes
Econonomics and Self-Interest: Adam Smith
Econonomics and Self-Interest: Ayn Rand
Transcending Self-Interest: Altruism
A Philosophical Defense of Altruism
Utilitarianism: Bentham and Mill
Bentham’s Moral Mathematics
Utilitarianism Modified: John Stuart Mill
The Categorical Imperative of Immanuel Kant
Religion and Morality
The Influence of Dante and Milton on Western Morality
The Morality of Work
Studs Terkel on Work
Moral Relativism
The Global View
Feminist Morality
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
12. Happiness
Hedonism: Happiness as Pleasure
Literary Hedonism: Poetry of Seduction
Hedonist Assumptions
Hedonism Reconsidered
Epicureanism: Happiness is Avoiding Pain
Epicurean Assumptions
Epicureanism Reconsidered
Stoicism: Happiness as a Strategy for Survival
Stoic Assumptions
Stoicism Reconsidered
Aristotle on Happiness
Reason and Virtue
Happiness A Government’s Responsibility
Aristotle Reconsidered
The Humanities and Unhappiness
Models of the Happy Life
Anne Frank
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Gandhi
Buddhist Paths to Happiness
The Dalai Lama
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
13. Love
Body and Soul
Eros
Lust in Classical Myth
Lust on the Shakespearean Stage
Eros in Eastern Culture
Adultery
Agape
The Platonic Ideal
Platonic Love Evaluated
Family Love
Family Conflicts
The Family in Religion
Matriarchs and Patriarchs
Friendship
Romantic Love
Mariolatry
Romance and Chivalry
Dante and the Divine Comedy
Love as Amusement
Courtly Love
Love as a Game
Love and Conflict
Mirabell and Millamant
Tracy and Hepburn
Love and Marriage
The Victorian Model
New Versions
Love in a Time of Health Hazards
Love and Older People
Imagining a World in Which Only Sex Exists
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
14. Life-Affirmation
Images of Death
A Memorable Heroic Image
Death in the Popular Arts
Dearth at a Distance
Catastrophes
Strategies for Dealing with Death
Death in Real Terms
Avoidance of Death Talk
Humor
Magnifying and Beautifying Death
The Medicalization of Death
Death in Literature
Death and Children
Facing the Inevitable Before It Happens
Death in Music
Death in Philosophy
Death and An Afterlife
Death and Fate
Symbolic Death
Unworth
Symbolic Suicide
Symbolic Murder
Models of Life Affirmation
The Phoenix
There is Only Now
Reinventing Ourselves
Guilt and Forgiveness
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
Need MS for these chapters
15. Nature
Overview
Romantic Views of Nature
Early Warnings
The Forest of Arden
The Decay of Nature
The Urban Attitude
Thoreau
Nature as an Awesome Force
The Frankenstein Monster
Nature and Native Americans
Joseph Conrad
Inconveniences
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
16. Freedom
Overview
Determinism: The View that all People are Limited in their Choices
Past and Present Limitations
Institutional Determinism
Economic Determinism
Character Consistency
Behaviorism
Genetics
Sociobiology
Free Will
A Pessimist’s Definition of the Will
Regret and Relief as Signs of Free Will
Psychoanalysis: Freedom through the Conscious Ego
Existentialism
Religious existentialism
Secular existentialism
Freedom within Limitations
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topics for Writing and Discussion
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