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Marilyn Stokstad, teacher, art historian, and museum curator, has been a leader in her field for decades and has served as president of the College Art Association and the International Center of Medieval Art. In 2002, she was awarded the lifetime achievement award from the National Women’s Caucus for Art. In 1997, she was awarded the Governor’s Arts Award as Kansas Art Educator of the Year and an honorary degree of doctor of humane letters by Carleton College. She is Judith Harris Murphy Distinguished Professor Emerita at the University of Kansas, Lawrence. She has also served in various leadership capacities at the University’s Spencer Museum of Art and is Consultative Curator of Medieval Art at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri
Michael W. Cothren is Professor of Art History at Swarthmore College, where he has also served as Art Department Chair, Coordinator of Medieval Studies, and Divisional Chair of the Humanities. Since arriving at Swarthmore in 1978, he has taught specialized courses on Medieval, Roman, and Islamic art and architecture, as well as seminars on theory and method, but he most enjoys teaching the survey to Swarthmore beginners. His research and publications focus on French Gothic art and architecture, most recently in a book on the stained glass of Beauvais Cathedral entitled Picturing the Celestial City. Michael is consultative curator of medieval stained glass at the Glencairn Museum in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania. He has served on the board of the International Center of Medieval Art and as President both of the American Committee of the International Corpus Vitrearum and of his local school board. When not teaching or engaged in art historical research, you can finding him hiking in the red rocks around Sedona, Arizona.
IN THIS SECTION:
1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: Prehistoric Art in Europe
Chapter 2: Art of the Ancient Near East
Chapter 3: Art of Ancient Egypt
Chapter 4: Early Ancient Art
Chapter 5: Art of Ancient Greece
Chapter 6: Etruscan and Roman Art
Chapter 7: Jewish, Early Christian, and Byzantine Art
Chapter 8: Islamic Art
Chapter 9: Later Asian Art
Chapter 10: Early Medieval and Romanesque Art
Chapter 11: Gothic Art
Chapter 12: Early Renaissance Art
Chapter 13: Art of the High Renaissance and Reformation
Chapter 14: Seventeenth-Century Art in Europe
Chapter 15: Art of the Americas
Chapter 16: African Art
Chapter 17: European and American Art, 1715–1840
Chapter 18: European and American Art, 1840–1910
Chapter 19: Modern Art in Europe and the Americas, 1900–1945
Chapter 20: Art Since 1945
COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Preface ix
What’s New x
Faculty and Student Resources xi
Acknowledgments and Gratitude xii
Starter Kit xiv
Introduction 1
1 Prehistoric Art in Europe 18
Looking Forward 19
The Upper Paleolithic Art (c. 42,000–8,000 bce) 20
Artifacts or Works of Art? 20
Shelter or Architecture? 22
Cave Painting 22
Cave Sculptures 26
The Neolithic Period (c. 6500–3400/2300 bce) 26
Çatalhöyük 26
Ceramics 27
Megalithic Architecture 28
Looking Back 31
A CLOSER LOOK A House in Çatalhöyük 27
Elements of Architecture
Post-and-Lintel and Corbel Construction 29
Art and Its Contexts
The Power of Naming 22
The Meaning(s) of Prehistoric Paintings 23
Neolithic Man and Woman 28
IN PERSPECTIVE 31
2 Art of the Ancient Near East 32
Looking Forward 33
Sumer 35
Akkad, Ur, and Lagash 39
Babylon 40
Assyria 41
Neo-Babylonia 43
Persia 44
Looking Back 47
A CLOSER LOOK Animal Fables and Epic Themes 38
Art and Its Contexts
Art as Spoils of War—Protection or Theft? 35
The Ishtar Gate and Nebuchadnezzar’s II’s Palace 46
IN PERSPECTIVE 47
3 Art of Ancient Egypt 48
Looking Forward 49
Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom Egypt (c. 2950–2150 bce) 58
Middle Kingdom (c. 1975–1640 bce) 58
New Kingdom (c. 1539–1075 bce) 67
Late Egyptian Art 66
Looking Back 67
A CLOSER LOOK The Palette of Narmer 51
Elements of Architecture
Mastaba to Pyramid 53
Technique
Mummies 65
Art and Its Contexts
Egyptian Symbols 58
The Tomb of Ramose 63
IN PERSPECTIVE 67
4 Early Ancient Art 68
Looking Forward 69
The Indian Subcontinent 70
The Indus Valley Civilization 70
The Vedic Period 71
The Rise of Buddhism 71
Gandhara and Mathura Styles 74
Gupta Period 76
Southeast Asia 78
China 79
The Bronze Age 79
Chinese Empires: Qin, Han, and Tang 80
Korea 84
Japan 87
The Kofun Period 87
The Asuka Period 89
Looking Back 91
A CLOSER LOOK Rubbing of a Stone Relief 83
Elements of Architecture
Stupas 73
Art and Its Contexts
Buddhism 72
Buddhist Symbols 75
Hinduism 77
Confucianism 81
The Silk Route and the Making of Silk 82
Calligraphy 86
IN PERSPECTIVE 91
5 Art of Ancient Greece 92
Looking Forward 93
The Cycladic Islands 95
Minoan Crete 95
Mycenaean (Late Bronze Age) Civilization 99
The Emergence of Greek Civilization 102
The Geometric Style 102
The Archaic Period 102
The Early Classical Period 109
The “High” Classical Period 112
The Parthenon 112
Other Buildings of the Athenian Acropolis 117
Late Classical Art of the Fourth Century bce 118
Hellenistic Art 120
Looking Back 127
A CLOSER LOOK Krater with the Death of Sarpedon 109
Elements of Architecture
The Greek Temple 104
Greek Theaters 122
Art and Its Contexts
Mythology and History 99
Color in Greek Sculpture 106
Classic and Classical 112
The Canon of Polykleitos 116
Women Artists In Ancient Greece 121
The Celts 125
IN PERSPECTIVE 127
6 Etruscan and Roman Art 128
Looking Forward 129
The Etruscans 130
The Romans 133
The Republican Period 134
The Age of Augustus 138
The Roman House and Its Decoration 139
The Empire 143
Imperial Art and Architecture 143
Portraits in Sculpture and Painting 150
The Late Empire 152
Looking Back 157
A CLOSER LOOK Gemma Augustea 139
Elements of Architecture
Arch and Vault 137
Roman Architectural Orders 145
Technique
Roman Mosaics 142
Art and Its Contexts
Roman Portraiture 135
IN PERSPECTIVE 157
7 Jewish, Early Christian, and Byzantine Art 158
Looking Forward 159
Early Jewish Art 162
Early Christianity 163
Early Byzantine Art (476–726) 169
The Golden Age of Justinian 169
Icons and Iconoclasm 176
Middle Byzantine Art (843–1204) 179
Late Byzantine Art 180
Looking Back 183
A CLOSER LOOK The Mosaic Floor of the Beth Alpha Synagogue 161
Elements of Architecture
Longitudinal-Plan and Central-Plan Churches 166
Pendentives and Squinches 174
Art and Its Contexts
Dura-Europos 163
The Life of Jesus 164
The Good Shepherd 168
Naming Christian Churches: Designation
+ Dedication + Location 172
Iconoclasm 177
IN PERSPECTIVE 183
8 Islamic Art 184
Looking Forward 185
Art During the Early Caliphates 186
Architecture 186
Calligraphy 191
Later Islamic Art 193
The Saljuqs in Persia 193
The Nasrids in Spain 194
Luxury Arts 197
Books 206
The Ottoman Empire 200
Modern Islam 202
Looking Back 203
A CLOSER LOOK A Mamluk Glass Oil Lamp 197
Technique
Carpet Making 198
Art and Its Context
Islam and the Prophet Muhammad 188
IN PERSPECTIVE 203
9 Later Asian Art 204
Looking Forward 205
The South Asian Subcontinent 206
The Mughal Empire 208
Rajput Painting and the Luxury Arts 210
Cambodia 213
China 214
Korea 220
Japan 222
Looking Back 231
A CLOSER LOOK Scene from The Tale of Genji 225
Technique
Indian Paintings on Paper 210
Formats of Chinese Painting 216
Art and Its Contexts
Panel from an Ivory Box 212
Writing, Language, and Culture in Japan 223
IN PERSPECTIVE 231
10 Early Medieval and Romanesque Art 232
Looking Forward 233
Early Medieval Art in the British Isles 235
Scandinavian Art 237
Carolingian Art 238
Spanish Art 243
Ottonian Art 244
Romanesque Art 247
Architecture 247
Architectural Sculpture and Painting 250
Manuscripts, Textiles, and Woodcarving 256
Looking Back 259
A CLOSER LOOK Bishop Odo Blessing the Feast 255
Elements of Architecture
The Romanesque Church Portal 251
Art and Its Contexts
The Medieval Scriptorium 236
Hildegard of Bingen 257
IN PERSPECTIVE 259
11 Gothic Art 260
Looking Forward 261
Gothic Art in France 263
Gothic Art in England 277
Gothic Art in the Germanic Lands 280
Late Medieval Art in Italy 281
Sculpture 283
Painting in Siena and Florence 284
Looking Back 291
A CLOSER LOOK Effects of Good Government in the City
and in the Country 282
Elements of Architecture
Rib Vaulting 266
The Gothic Church 268
Technique
Stained-Glass Windows 265
Cennini on Panel Painting 289
Buon Fresco 290
Art and Its Contexts
Notre-Dame de Paris 270
IN PERSPECTIVE 291
12 Early Renaissance Art 292
Looking Forward 293
Northern Renaissance Art 294
The Imbourg Brothers 295
Painting in Flanders 297
Second-Generation Painters 301
Tapestries 303
The Graphic Arts 303
Italian Renaissance Art 306
Architecture 306
Sculpture 311
Painting 315
Looking Back 323
A CLOSER LOOK The Battle of San Romano 319
Technique
Oil Painting 298
Woodcuts and Engravings 306
Renaissance Perspective 314
Art and Its Contexts
Women Artists in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance 296
The Competition Reliefs 290
IN PERSPECTIVE 323
13 Art of the High Renaissance and Reformation 324
Looking Forward 325
Italian Art of the High Renaissance 326
Venice and the Veneto 341
Mannerism 348
French Art 353
German Art 354
Painting and Prints 366
The Reformation and the Arts 369
Netherlandish and Spanish Art 361
Looking Back 365
A CLOSER LOOK The French Ambassadors 360
Elements of Architecture
St. Peter’s Basilica 340
Art and Its Contexts
The Vitruvian Man 327
Women Patrons of the Arts 343
Veronese is Called Before the Inquisition 346
IN PERSPECTIVE 365
14 Seventeenth-Century Art in Europe 366
Looking Forward 367
Rome 368
Spain 380
Flanders 383
The Dutch Republic 387
France 396
Looking Back 401
A CLOSER LOOK Allegory of Sight 386
Technique
Etching and Drypoint 389
Art and Its Contexts
Science and the Changing Worldview 395
Grading the Old Masters 398
IN PERSPECTIVE 401
15 Art of the Americas 402
Looking Forward 403
Mesoamerica 405
The Olmecs 405
Teotihuacan 406
The Maya 407
The Aztecs 409
Central America 412
South America: The Central Andes 412
The Moche Culture 413
The Inca Empire 415
The Aftermath of the Spanish Conquest 416
North America 416
Early Cultures of the East 418
The Southwest 420
The Eastern Woodlands and the Great Plains 422
Looking Back 427
A CLOSER LOOK Aztec Calendar Stone 411
Elements of Architecture
Inca Masonry 416
Technique
Basketry 422
Art and Its Contexts
Hamatsa Masks 425
IN PERSPECTIVE 427
16 African Art 428
Looking Forward 429
Early African Art 430
Nok 431
Ife and Benin 431
Jenné and Great Zimbabwe 454
African Art in the Modern Era: Living Traditions
and New Trends 436
Art and Domestic Life 436
Art and the Spirit World 437
Art and Power 439
The Art of Imitation 442
Art and Death 444
Looking Back 445
A CLOSER LOOK A Palace Door 440
Technique
Lost-Wax Casting 432
Art and Its Contexts
The Myth of “Primitive” Art 434
Mande Pots 437
Kuba Funerary Mask 443
IN PERSPECTIVE 445
17 European and American Art, 1715–1840 446
Looking Forward 447
Rococo 448
Moralizing Narrative Painting 450
Portraiture 453
Neoclassicism and Romanticism 457
Neoclassical Painting in France 459
Neoclassical Architecture in England 462
Romantic Painting and Printmaking in France and Spain 464
Romantic Landscape Painting in England, America, and Germany 469
Looking Back 473
A CLOSER LOOK Georgian Silver 463
Technique
Lithography 466
Art and Its Contexts
“Am I Not a Man and a Brother?” 452
Art Academies in the Eighteenth Century 452
IN PERSPECTIVE 473
18 European and American Art, 1840–1910 474
Looking Forward 475
Architecture 477
Enduring Neoclassicism in Academic Art 481
Reactions against the Academy 481
Art Nouveau 484
Photography 485
Realism 488
Early French Realist Painters 488
“The Painter of Modern Life” 490
A Continuing American Tradition 492
Impressionism 495
Post-Impressionism 500
Late Nineteenth-Century French Sculpture 507
Looking Back 509
A CLOSER LOOK Mahana no atua (Day of the God) 501
Technique
The Photographic Process 486
Art and Its Contexts
Orientalism 480
Japonisme 503
IN PERSPECTIVE 509
19 Modern Art in Europe and the Americas, 1900–1945 510
Looking Forward 511
Early Modernism in Europe 513
Les Fauves 513
Die Brücke and Expressionism 514
Der Blaue Reiter 515
Cubism 516
Responses to Cubism 519
Dada 522
Modern Art Comes to the United States 525
European Art between the Wars 528
Constructivism 528
de Stijl 529
Architectural Purism 531
The Bauhaus 532
Surrealism 515
Sculpture 538
North American Art between the Wars 539
The United States 539
The Harlem Renaissance 541
Mexico 543
Canada 545
Architecture 545
Looking Back 549
A CLOSER LOOK Portrait of a German Officer 526
Elements of Architecture
The International Style 532
The Skyscraper 546
Art and Its Contexts
Suppression of the Avant-Garde in Germany 534
Guernica 537
IN PERSPECTIVE 549
20 Art Since 1945 550
Looking Forward 551
Abstract Expressionism 552
Assemblage 558
Pop Art 561
Minimalism and Process Art 565
Conceptual and Performance Art 567
Earthworks and Site-Specific Art 568
Feminist Art 569
The Persistence and Global Impact of Modernism 573
Postmodernism 575
Neo-Expressionism 575
Social Commentary and Moral Activism 576
Identity, Race, and Ethnicity 577
Installation: Electronic and Video Art 580
New Ideas in Traditional Materials 584
Postwar Architecture 587
Public Memory and Art: The Memorial 589
Looking Back 591
A CLOSER LOOK Man’s Love Story 574
Art and Its Contexts
Greenberg and the Idea of the Mainstream 554
Homage to New York 561
“High” and “Low” Culture in the Myth of Modernism 562
Appropriation and the “Death of the Author” 565
Critical Theory 581
IN PERSPECTIVE 591
Contemporary World Map 604
Glossary 605
Bibliography 612
Index 621
Credits 634
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