Assessment and Esl on the Yellow Big Road to the Withered of Oz: On the Yellow Big Road to the Withered of Oz

by Law, Barbara; Eckes, Mary

• ISBN13: 9781895411775
• ISBN10: 1895411777
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-01-01
• Publisher: Portage & Main Pr

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	1	(1)
Chapter Overview	2	(2)
The Four Themes	4	(5)
Contextual Assessment	9	(1)
Why We Have Written This Book	10	(1)
Kiss Me, Teacher: What Teachers Need to Know	11	(16)
Where We Are Coming From	11	(6)
Barb's early years	11	(4)
Mary's early years	15	(1)
Which reality is the real world?	16	(1)
Why We Need to Assess	17	(2)
What Educators Want and Need to Find Out	19	(5)
Effective Assessment	24	(1)
Conclusion	25	(2)
What Shape Will We Use? Red! Testing vs. Alternative Forms of Assessment	27	(24)
The Horns of the Dilemma	27	(3)
How assessment differs from testing	29	(1)
Standardized Tests	30	(13)
Standardized language-proficiency tests	35	(9)
Testing is here to stay	44
Alternatives to Standardized Testing	43	(7)
Trusting teachers	43	(1)
Alternative assessment is appropriate	44	(5)
Final outcomes	49	(1)
Conclusion	50	(1)
Determining the Navel Assigned to the Factor: Initial Placement	51	(40)
Before Students Arrive: A Procedure	53	(3)
Initial Identification	56	(3)
The home-language survey	57	(2)
Assessing Oral Proficiency	59	(4)
The home-language interview	59	(2)
Oral assessment options	61	(2)
Assessing Literacy	63	(3)
Standardized testing options	63	(3)
Determining Primary-Language Literacy	66	(5)
Home-language literacy	66	(2)
The primary-language literacy test	68	(1)
Higher-level measures of literacy	68	(1)
Holistic measures of writing	69	(2)
Tentative Placement in the Proper Grade	71	(16)
Placement scenarios: Three students	72	(15)
Follow-up Assessment	87	(1)
Secondary Placement Dilemmas	87	(2)
Conclusion	89	(2)
We're Working Hardly: Emerging Literacy	91	(50)
Ways of Seeing	92	(8)
The importance of context	93	(1)
The basic features of language in context	94	(4)
Context and assessment are interrelated	98	(1)
The language framework and traditional testing	98	(2)
Emergence	100	(5)
Emergence and second-language learners	102	(1)
Emerging oral proficiency	102	(1)
Emergent literacy	102	(3)
Gaining Control Over Forms	105	(35)
Levels of literacy production (writing)	106	(12)
Levels of literacy development (reading)	118	(22)
Conclusion	140	(1)
Diving for Pearls in Their Shelves: How and Where to Find Information	141	(38)
Defining What You Want to Know	142	(3)
Finding the answers	143	(1)
The Quad	143	(2)
Observation of Process	145	(12)
Speaking and listening	146	(4)
Reading	150	(7)
Observation of Product	157	(16)
Writing	157	(16)
Traditional Assessment Tools	173	(4)
Classroom measures	173	(4)
Decontextualized measures	177	(1)
Conclusion	177	(2)
The Santa Maria, the Pimpas, and the Ninny: Checklists, Anecdotes, and Conferences	179	(18)
How to Record Your Observations	180	(16)
Checklists	180	(6)
Anecdotes	186	(6)
Interviews and conferences	192	(4)
Conclusion	196	(1)
Flying Without an Earplan: Stories From The Trenches	197	(22)
Dan's Story: Alice	197	(6)
Andrea's Story: Hung	203	(4)
Dolores's Story: Ricardo	207	(4)
Mary's Story: Tong	211	(6)
Conclusion	217	(2)
The Final Nail in the Coffee: Grades	219	(18)
The Stakeholders and What They Need to Know	221	(2)
Grading Issues for ESL	223	(8)
Questions to consider	225	(2)
Setting standards	227	(4)
Modifying Grades	231	(5)
Conclusion	236	(1)
Lunching Several Measures: Presenting the Information to Stakeholders	237	(30)
Systematizing Information	237	(5)
The reporting system objectives	238	(4)
Presenting the Data	242	(13)
Narratives	243	(4)
Checklists	247	(1)
Portfolios	248	(7)
Meeting with the Stakeholders: Holding Conferences	255	(10)
Parents	255	(8)
Teachers	263	(2)
Conclusion	265	(2)
Fight to the Spinach! Making the Change	267	(10)
Working for Change	267	(3)
Collaboration Is Critical	270	(5)
Resolving the Problems	271	(2)
Collaboration in secondary schools	273	(2)
Conclusion	275	(2)
CONCLUSION	277	(4)
Make the Choice	277	(1)
Have a Plan	278	(1)
Change in the Classroom	279	(1)
Communicate with the Stakeholders	280	(1)
Appendix A: Grading Guidelines for Writing	281	(2)
Appendix B: Reproducible masters	283	(10)
Glossary of Terms	293	(2)
Bibliography	295	(8)
Index	303