Assessment of Student Achievement

by Gronlund, Norman E.; Waugh, C. Keith

• ISBN13: 9780205597284
• ISBN10: 0205597289
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-03-04
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Provides teachers with assessment strategies that work to improve student learning. Offers a balanced, concise, and practical guide for testing and performance assessment linked to effective classroom instruction and learning. Guides teachers, assessment specialists, and professional development coordinators in preparing and use classroom tests and performance assessments and assigning grades and interpreting standardized test scores to students and parents. Written for teachers, training and development professionals, and education assessment specialists in grades K-12.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. v
Achievement Assessment and Instruction	p. 1
Relation Between Instruction and Assessment	p. 3
Assessment in the Instructional Process	p. 4
Other Ways Assessments Can Aid Learning	p. 10
Teachers' Standards for Student Assessment	p. 12
Summary of Points	p. 13
References and Additional Reading	p. 14
Nature of Student Assessment	p. 15
Major Types of Assessment Methods	p. 16
Guidelines for Effective Student Assessment	p. 19
Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Assessment	p. 24
Summary of Points	p. 27
References and Additional Reading	p. 27
Planning for Assessment	p. 29
Using Taxonomies as a Guide	p. 30
Role of Instructional Objectives	p. 34
Preparing for Assessment	p. 38
Types of Assessment Procedures	p. 38
Validity and Reliability in Assessment Planning	p. 40
Summary of Points	p. 43
References and Additional Reading	p. 44
Validity and Reliability	p. 45
Validity	p. 46
Reliability	p. 58
Summary of Points	p. 67
References and Additional Reading	p. 68
Preparing and Using Achievement Tests	p. 69
Specifying the Instructional Objectives	p. 70
Preparing the Test Specifications	p. 72
Considerations in Constructing Relevant Test Items	p. 75
General Guidelines for Item Writing	p. 81
Arranging the Items in the Test	p. 83
Preparing Directions	p. 83
Administering and Scoring the Test	p. 85
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Test Items	p. 85
Summary of Points	p. 89
References and Additional Reading	p. 90
Writing Selection Items: Multiple Choice	p. 91
Nature of Multiple-Choice Items	p. 92
Rules for Writing Multiple-Choice Items	p. 93
Summary of Points	p. 107
References and Additional Reading	p. 108
Writing Selection Items: True-False, Matching, and Interpretive Exercise	p. 109
True-False Items	p. 110
Matching Items	p. 116
The Interpretive Exercise	p. 119
Summary of Points	p. 124
References and Additional Reading	p. 125
Writing Supply Items: Short Answer and Essay	p. 126
Short-Answer Items	p. 127
Essay Questions	p. 131
Summary of Points	p. 141
References and Additional Reading	p. 141
Performance Assessments	p. 143
Components of Performance Skills	p. 144
Stating Objectives for Performance Assessment	p. 145
Restricted and Extended Performance Tasks	p. 146
Steps in Preparing Performance Assessments	p. 147
Making Performance Assessments More Authentic	p. 168
Summary of Points	p. 169
References and Additional Reading	p. 170
Preparing for Performance Assessments	p. 171
Prepare the Environment	p. 172
Prepare the Student	p. 172
Prepare the Observer	p. 174
Diagnostic Performance Assessments	p. 176
Summary of Points	p. 176
References and Additional Reading	p. 177
Portfolio Assessment	p. 178
Advantages of Using Classroom Portfolios	p. 180
Planning for the Use of Portfolios	p. 180
Evaluating the Portfolio	p. 184
Summary of Points	p. 189
References and Additional Reading	p. 190
Grading and Reporting	p. 191
Selecting the Basis for Grading	p. 192
Combining Data for Grading	p. 197
Electronic Grading	p. 200
Guidelines for Effective and Fair Grading	p. 201
Reporting to Students and Parents	p. 202
Summary of Points	p. 204
References and Additional Reading	p. 205
Interpreting Standardized Achievement Test Scores	p. 206
Features of Standardized Achievement Tests	p. 207
Interpreting Norm-Referenced Scores	p. 208
Criterion-Referenced Interpretation	p. 220
Summary of Points	p. 220
References and Additional Reading	p. 222
Revised Edition of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives	p. 223
Glossary	p. 227
Index	p. 229
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