Audel Refrigeration Home and Commercial

by Miller, Rex; Miller, Mark Richard; Anderson, Edwin P.

• ISBN13: 9780764571176
• ISBN10: 0764571176
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-10-01
• Publisher: Audel

Summary

Know how to put a chill in the air Here at last is a reference manual devoted exclusively to refrigeration, both home and commercial. Beginning with the essential physics and math, it provides a complete course in maintaining, troubleshooting, and repairing both new and vintage refrigeration systems for home and light industry. You'll find the answers you need, whether you're a student, apprentice, cost-conscious homeowner, or skilled technician. Know how different types of refrigerants are used and how to handle them safely Perform routine maintenance on various types of compressors Test for leakage and resolve common problems such as freeze-ups Repair and replace refrigerator cabinet parts Troubleshoot common problems with home freezers Understand the working parts of both electrically driven and absorption-type refrigeration units Learn to troubleshoot and maintain the wide variety of motors used in cooling devices Service and repair automatic icemakers, water coolers, and display cases

Author Biography

Rex Miller was a Professor of Industrial Technology at The State University of New York, College at Buffalo for more than 35 years. He has taught on the technical school, high school, and college level for more than 40 years. He is the author or coauthor of more than 100 textbooks ranging from electronics through carpentry and sheet metal work. He has contributed more than 50 magazine articles over the years to technical publications. He is also the author of seven civil war regimental histories.

Mark Richard Miller finished his B.S. degree in New York and moved on to Ball State University, where he obtained the Master’s degree. He went to work in San Antonio. He taught high school and went to graduate school in College Station, Texas, where he finished the Doctorate. He took a position at Texas A&M University in Kingsville, Texas, where he now teaches in the Industrial Technology Department as a Professor and Department Chairman. He has coauthored 11 books and contributed many articles to technical magazines. His hobbies include refinishing a 1970 Plymouth Super Bird and a 1971 Road-Runner.

Edwin P. Anderson was a professional engineer and the author of numerous books for the trades, including air conditioning, sheet metal, home appliance, and electrical.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xxv
About the Author	p. xxvii
Introduction	p. xxix
Fundamentals of Refrigeration	p. 1
Applications of Refrigeration	p. 1
Physical Units	p. 2
Atmospheric, Absolute, and Gage Pressures	p. 8
Boyle's Law for Perfect Gases	p. 10
Charles's Law	p. 11
Power and Work	p. 15
Units of Power	p. 15
Energy	p. 16
Theory of Heat	p. 17
Thermometers	p. 19
Absolute Zero	p. 21
Units of Heat	p. 22
Specific Heat	p. 23
Latent Heat	p. 27
Latent Heat of Evaporation	p. 30
Refrigerants	p. 31
Evaporation	p. 34
Pressure	p. 34
Pressure-Temperature Relations	p. 37
Heat Transmission	p. 40
Condensation	p. 43
Altitudes and Refrigeration Capacity	p. 46
Basic Systems	p. 49
Laws of Gases	p. 50
The Refrigeration Cycle	p. 52
Pressure	p. 53
Summary	p. 54
Review Questions	p. 54
Refrigerants	p. 57
Desirable Properties	p. 57
Freon Refrigerants	p. 58
Sulfur Dioxide	p. 63
Methyl Chloride	p. 64
Ammonia	p. 65
Carbon Dioxide	p. 65
Leak Detection	p. 66
Pressure-Temperature Chart	p. 67
Care in Handling Refrigerants	p. 69
Handling Refrigerant Cylinders	p. 69
Refrigerant Containers	p. 70
A Simple Refrigeration System	p. 71
Summary	p. 72
Review Questions	p. 74
Compressors	p. 77
How the Compressor Works	p. 77
Reciprocating Compressors	p. 77
Rotary Compressors	p. 83
Hermetic Compressors	p. 84
Centrifugal Compressors	p. 87
System Precautions	p. 89
Compressor Maintenance	p. 90
Open-Type Compressor Maintenance and Service	p. 92
Running-Time Check	p. 98
Compression Ratio	p. 99
Energy Consumption	p. 100
Refrigeration-System Lubricants	p. 100
Compressor Calculations	p. 102
Safety Precautions	p. 111
Summary	p. 112
Review Questions	p. 113
Domestic Refrigeration	p. 115
The Refrigeration Cycle	p. 115
Compressors	p. 118
Condensers	p. 118
Drier-Strainer	p. 119
Capillary Tubes	p. 120
Evaporators	p. 121
Accumulators	p. 124
Energy-Conservation Measures	p. 124
Schematic Diagrams	p. 129
Summary	p. 129
Review Questions	p. 130
Absorption System for Domestic Refrigeration	p. 131
Principle of Operation	p. 131
Absorption-Refrigeration Cycle	p. 132
The Flue System	p. 135
Gas-Control Devices	p. 135
Electrical Accessories	p. 141
Installation and Service	p. 142
Refrigerator Unit Removal and Replacement	p. 150
Refrigerator Maintenance	p. 151
Absorption-Refrigeration Troubleshooting Guide	p. 158
Summary	p. 162
Review Questions	p. 162
Thermoelectric Cooling	p. 165
Performance of Thermoelectric Couples	p. 165
Advantages and Applications of Thermoelectric Cooling	p. 166
Summary	p. 172
Review Questions	p. 173
Refrigeration Service Equipment and Tools	p. 175
Service Valves	p. 175
Combination Gage Set	p. 178
Sealed Systems	p. 180
Expansion-Valve Units	p. 187
Leak Testing	p. 195
Service Tools	p. 198
Making a Hand Bend	p. 205
Copper Tubing	p. 211
Silver Brazing	p. 214
Summary	p. 216
Review Questions	p. 217
Domestic Refrigeration Operation and Service	p. 219
Sealed-System Operation	p. 219
Electrical Testing	p. 226
Replacing Controls	p. 235
Calibrating Controls	p. 236
Replacing System Components	p. 237
Evaporator Cooling Fan	p. 241
Temperature-Control Service	p. 243
Refrigeration Troubleshooting Guide	p. 244
Summary	p. 244
Review Questions	p. 253
Household-Cabinet Defrosting Systems	p. 255
Manual Defrosting	p. 255
Automatic Defrosting	p. 256
Defrost-Thermostat Testing	p. 264
Summary	p. 276
Review Questions	p. 277
Cabinet Maintenance and Repairs	p. 279
Testing Door Tightness	p. 279
Door Replacement	p. 281
Summary	p. 287
Review Questions	p. 288
Household Freezers	p. 289
Cycle of Operation	p. 289
Characteristics of a Capillary-Tube System	p. 290
Electrical System	p. 291
Upright Freezers	p. 297
Household Freezer Troubleshooting Guide	p. 302
Summary	p. 307
Review Questions	p. 308
Styles of Domestic Refrigerators and Food Arrangement	p. 311
Food Arrangement	p. 311
Door Openings	p. 314
Warm-Weather Effect	p. 315
Cooling-Coil Frosting	p. 315
Cleaning	p. 316
Odor Prevention	p. 316
Summary	p. 316
Review Questions	p. 317
Installation Methods	p. 319
Uncrating and Locating the Unit	p. 319
Installation of Absorption-Type Refrigerators	p. 320
Summary	p. 325
Review Questions	p. 325
Compressor Lubrication System	p. 327
Motor Lubrication	p. 327
Compressor Lubrication	p. 328
Servicing Data	p. 333
Summary	p. 337
Review Questions	p. 338
Refrigeration Control Devices	p. 341
Automatic Expansion Valves	p. 342
Thermostatic Expansion Valves	p. 344
Capillary-Tube Systems	p. 353
Domestic Electrical Systems	p. 357
Temperature Control by Suction Pressure	p. 362
Servicing Valves	p. 363
Summary	p. 364
Review Questions	p. 364
The Electrical System	p. 367
Units of Electricity	p. 367
The Electric Circuit	p. 368
Direct Current	p. 369
Single- and Three-Phase Current	p. 370
Energy	p. 376
Motor Efficiency	p. 376
Pulley Speed and Sizes	p. 380
Alternating-Current Motors	p. 382
Single-Phase Motors	p. 387
Motor-Compressor Controls	p. 391
Oil-Pressure Controls	p. 394
Temperature Controls	p. 396
Defrost Controls	p. 400
Electrical-System Maintenance	p. 401
Compressor Motor Replacement	p. 403
Electrical System Troubleshooting Guide	p. 407
Summary	p. 413
Review Questions	p. 414
Commercial Refrigeration Principles	p. 417
Effect of Pressure on Refrigerants	p. 418
Essential Parts of a Refrigeration Plant	p. 418
Condensers, Fittings, and Accessories	p. 422
Cooling-Water Requirements	p. 424
Cooling-System Components	p. 430
Refrigeration-System Operation	p. 438
Compressor Troubleshooting Guide	p. 441
Commercial Uses for Absorption Refrigeration	p. 444
Summary	p. 445
Review Questions	p. 446
Brine Systems	p. 447
Indirect Refrigeration System	p. 447
Brine	p. 450
Brine-System Corrosion	p. 452
Preparing New Brine	p. 456
Summary	p. 457
Review Questions	p. 457
Ice-Making Systems	p. 459
Air Piping	p. 459
Ice Cans	p. 460
Plate-Ice Systems	p. 466
Automatic Icemakers	p. 468
Dry Ice	p. 469
Ice-Making Calculations	p. 471
Ice Storage	p. 473
Summary	p. 486
Review Questions	p. 487
Supermarket and Grocery Refrigeration	p. 489
Display Cases	p. 489
Walk-in Coolers	p. 505
Frozen-Meat Storage	p. 509
Chilling Fresh-Killed Meat	p. 510
Packaged Meat	p. 510
Summary	p. 511
Review Questions	p. 511
Locker Plants	p. 513
Locker-Plant Construction	p. 513
Design Considerations	p. 513
Insulation Requirements	p. 516
Equipment and Controls	p. 517
Summary	p. 524
Review Questions	p. 525
Special Refrigeration Applications	p. 527
Water Coolers	p. 527
Ice Cream Refrigeration	p. 535
Bottle and Can Beverage Coolers	p. 540
Milk Coolers	p. 540
Servicing and Repair	p. 542
Milk Pasteurization	p. 545
Summary	p. 547
Review Questions	p. 547
Cold-Storage Practice	p. 549
Quick Freezing	p. 549
Food Preparation for Quick Freezing	p. 550
Summary	p. 547
Review Questions	p. 547
Fans and Blowers	p. 559
Propeller Fans	p. 560
Centrifugal Fans	p. 560
Fan Characteristics	p. 560
Power Requirements	p. 561
Motor Types	p. 561
Fan Selection	p. 562
Summary	p. 563
Review Questions	p. 563
Refrigeration Piping	p. 565
Pressure-Drop Considerations	p. 565
Liquid Refrigerant Lines	p. 565
Interconnection of Suction Lines	p. 567
Discharge Lines	p. 568
Water Valves	p. 569
Multiple-Unit Installation	p. 570
Pipe Connections	p. 575
Piping Insulation	p. 577
Summary	p. 582
Review Questions	p. 583
Commercial Absorption Systems	p. 585
Absorption-Refrigeration Cycles	p. 585
Basic Absorption-Refrigeration Cycle	p. 588
Practical Absorption-Refrigeration Cycles	p. 590
Characteristics of the Refrigerant-Absorbent Pair	p. 592
Solar Cooling	p. 601
Summary	p. 605
Review Questions	p. 606
Circulating Pumps	p. 607
Rotary Pumps	p. 607
Centrifugal Pumps	p. 609
Reciprocating Pumps	p. 612
Power Requirements	p. 612
Pump Maintenance	p. 613
Summary	p. 615
Review Questions	p. 616
Installation and Operation	p. 619
Foundations	p. 619
Installing Belt-Driven Compressors	p. 622
Installing Direct-Connected, Motor-Driven Compressors	p. 623
Leak Testing	p. 624
Dehydration and Evacuation	p. 625
Moisture Indicators	p. 627
Charging the System	p. 627
Summary	p. 630
Review Questions	p. 630
Heat Leakage through Walls	p. 633
Summary	p. 657
Review Questions	p. 657
Refrigeration Load Calculations	p. 659
Calculating Heat-Transfer Coefficient	p. 659
Calculating Heat Leakage	p. 660
Load Calculation for a Walk-in Refrigerator	p. 662
Load Calculations for a Dairy Plant	p. 666
Load Calculations for Small Freezers	p. 670
Summary	p. 671
Review Questions	p. 672
Reference Materials	p. 673
Glossary	p. 689
Index	p. 707
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