Basic Construction Materials

by Marotta, Theodore

• ISBN13: 9780131433878
• ISBN10: 0131433873
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This new edition of a classic presents in-depth coverage of the most important materials used in the construction industry-aggregates, asphalt, asphalt concrete, masonry, Portland cement, Portland cement concrete, ferrous metals, and wood. Metric information is included for those engaged in international work, U.S. government work, or any job requiring metric analysis. The text reflects the latest industry standards and fully prepares students for entry into the construction industry or for further study in construction methods. Some of the key features include: bull; bull;Current industry standards from ASTM and ACI. bull;New illustrations and examples.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
The Construction Process	p. 1
Need for Materials with Various Qualities	p. 4
Selecting Materials	p. 6
Properties of Materials	p. 7
Thermal Expansion	p. 7
Thermal Conductivity	p. 8
Strength and Stress	p. 9
Modulus of Elasticity	p. 14
Elastic and Plastic Properties	p. 16
Sources of Information	p. 17
Inspection and Testing	p. 19
Standards	p. 21
Review Questions	p. 22
Aggregates	p. 24
Definitions	p. 25
Sources	p. 26
Methods of Extraction and Processing	p. 29
Underwater Sources	p. 29
Land Sources	p. 31
Rock Types	p. 33
Properties and Uses	p. 35
Miscellaneous Uses	p. 36
Aggregate and Strength	p. 38
Compaction	p. 45
Pavement Base	p. 48
Stabilizing Aggregate	p. 51
Permeability and Filters	p. 52
Tests	p. 56
Size and Gradation	p. 56
Surface Area	p. 64
Weight-Volume Relationships	p. 65
Specific Gravity	p. 69
Deleterious Matter	p. 72
Miscellaneous Properties	p. 75
Sampling	p. 77
Special Aggregates	p. 81
Review Questions	p. 82
Asphalt	p. 85
History	p. 85
Natural Asphalt	p. 86
Bituminous Materials	p. 86
Tar	p. 87
Asphalt	p. 87
Asphalt Production	p. 87
Asphalt Cements	p. 87
Liquid Asphalts	p. 89
Asphalt Testing	p. 91
Asphalt Cements	p. 91
Liquid Asphalts	p. 96
Asphalt Emulsions	p. 99
Air-Blown Asphalts	p. 102
Effects of Temperature and Viscosity	p. 104
Asphalt Pavements	p. 105
Determining Required Pavement Thickness	p. 106
Traffic Analysis	p. 107
Subgrade Evaluation	p. 107
Asphalt Paving-Mix Design	p. 111
Types of Asphalt Pavement Construction	p. 111
Plant Mix	p. 111
Mixed-in-Place (Road Mix)	p. 112
Slurry Seal	p. 112
Recycled Asphalt Concrete	p. 113
Asphalt Spray Applications	p. 114
Surface Treatments and Seal Coats	p. 114
Tack Coats and Prime Coats	p. 115
Penetration Macadam	p. 115
Asphalt Plants	p. 115
Types of Asphalt Plants	p. 120
Storage of Hot-Mix Asphalt	p. 122
Estimating Asphalt Concrete	p. 124
Preparation of Unpaved Surfaces	p. 125
Prepared Subgrade	p. 126
Untreated Base	p. 127
Nonsurfaced Aggregate Roadways	p. 127
Paved Surfaces	p. 127
Flexible-Type Pavements	p. 127
Rigid-Type Pavements	p. 129
Inspection of Mix	p. 130
Mix Deficiencies	p. 131
The Paving Operation	p. 131
The Asphalt Paver	p. 132
Hand-Spreading Operations	p. 133
The Roller Operation	p. 134
Pavement Density	p. 135
Auxiliary Equipment	p. 139
Asphalt Distributor	p. 139
Motor Grader	p. 139
Windrowing Equipment	p. 140
Incidental Tools	p. 140
Asphalt Roofing Products	p. 141
Asphalt Pipe Coatings	p. 143
Asphalt Mulch Treatments	p. 144
Asphalt Joint Materials	p. 144
Review Questions	p. 144
Portland Cement Concrete	p. 146
History	p. 148
Manufacture of Portland Cement	p. 148
Chemical Composition of Portland Cement	p. 149
Physical Properties of Portland Cement	p. 154
Water-Cement Reaction	p. 155
Types of Portland Cement	p. 157
ASTM Type I (Normal)	p. 157
ASTM Type II (Moderate Heat or Modified)	p. 157
ASTM Type III (High-Early-Strength)	p. 159
ASTM Type IV (Low Heat)	p. 159
ASTM Type V (Sulfate-Resisting)	p. 159
Air-Entraining Portland Cements	p. 159
White Portland Cement	p. 159
Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cements	p. 160
Portland-Pozzolan Cements	p. 160
Masonry Cements	p. 160
Special Portland Cements	p. 160
Mixing Water	p. 160
Aggregates	p. 163
Admixtures	p. 168
Proportioning Concrete Ingredients	p. 175
Concrete Estimating	p. 176
Concrete Manufacturing	p. 177
Concrete Mixing	p. 177
Concrete Mixing Methods	p. 178
Testing Concrete	p. 180
Compressive Strength Tests	p. 183
Nordestructive Test Methods	p. 189
The Rebound Hammer	p. 189
The Penetration Probe	p. 192
Pullout	p. 192
Ultrasonic	p. 192
Placement of Concrete	p. 193
Curing Concrete	p. 204
Precast Concrete Products	p. 206
Review Questions	p. 214
Iron and Steel	p. 219
Structure and Composition	p. 219
Production of Ferrous Metals	p. 221
Iron	p. 223
Steel	p. 226
Steel Tensile Test	p. 232
Steel Protection	p. 234
Structural Steel	p. 235
Structural Connections	p. 241
Riveting	p. 241
Welding	p. 241
Bolts	p. 245
High-Strength Bolts	p. 246
Reinforcing Steel	p. 248
Ferrous Metal Pipe	p. 251
Review Questions	p. 253
Wood	p. 255
Growth of Trees	p. 255
Lumber Production	p. 261
Seasoning	p. 263
Strength	p. 269
Lumber Classification	p. 280
Organizations	p. 280
Grading	p. 281
Special-Use Wood	p. 287
Deterioration of Wood	p. 287
Fire	p. 289
Preservation of Wood	p. 291
Typical Treated Wood Products	p. 292
Glued Laminated Wood	p. 294
Plywood	p. 298
Softwood Plywood	p. 299
Hardwood Plywood	p. 301
Glue	p. 303
Mechanical Fasteners	p. 304
Review Questions	p. 306
Masonry	p. 309
Clay Masonry	p. 309
Brick	p. 310
Tile	p. 310
Raw Materials for Clay Masonry	p. 310
Manufacturing Clay Masonry	p. 310
Strength of Clay Masonry	p. 315
Absorption of Clay Masonry	p. 315
Clay Masonry Colors	p. 316
Masonry Standards	p. 316
Concrete Masonry	p. 316
Raw Materials for Concrete Masonry Units	p. 317
Manufacturing Concrete Masonry Units	p. 319
Strength of Concrete Masonry Units	p. 322
Absorption of Concrete Masonry Units	p. 323
Dimensional Changes in Concrete Masonry Units	p. 325
Mortar	p. 326
Grout	p. 331
Fire Ratings of Concrete Masonry	p. 331
Thermal Properties of Concrete Masonry	p. 332
Acoustical Properties of Concrete Masonry	p. 335
Estimating Masonry Materials	p. 335
Quality of Masonry Construction	p. 337
Review Questions	p. 339
Appendixes	p. 341
Metrics	p. 343
Formulas for Areas and Volumes	p. 349
ASTM Standards Relating to Aggregates	p. 350
ASTM Standards Relating to Asphalt Concrete	p. 393
ASTM Standards Relating to Concrete	p. 399
ASTM Standards Relating to Masonry	p. 453
ACI Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete	p. 510
APA--The Engineered Wood Association Design Tables for Glulam Garage Door Headers and Substituting Glulam for Steel or Solid-Sawn Lumber Beams	p. 548
Index	p. 560
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Excerpts

InBasic Construction Materials,Seventh Edition, I present some of the basic materials used in the construction industry. I introduce these materials to prepare the reader for further academic course work in construction and engineering programs, or for entering the construction industry. The basic materials selected are as follows: Aggregates Asphalt, asphalt concrete Portland cement, Portland cement concrete Masonry Ferrous metals Wood These materials are widely used in construction and represent those over which field people in the industry have the most control. Shaping these materials to final size, protecting them from the elements, and fitting them together are accomplished in the field to a greater extent than with most other materials. The format of this book consists of text material as well as industry standards from the American Concrete Institute (ACI), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and the Engineered Wood Association, to be used as laboratory references. Because the construction industry is undergoing metrication, the appendix to this book also includes valuable metric information. I appreciate the continued assistance of the engineering, construction, and manufacturers' associations that have provided valuable information for this book. Comments and assistance from my teaching and construction industry colleagues, as well as from my students, have been very helpful and are gratefully acknowledged. In addition, particular thanks are due to Kelly Seitter, Ferris State University and Eugene H. Wright, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, for their assistance with the seventh edition text review. I would also like to acknowledge the continued support and assistance afforded me by the editorial staff at Prentice Hall. As with any publication, any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author. Therefore, I would appreciate notification of-such, as well as suggested improvements, at [e-mail]. T.W.M.