The Bedford Guide for College Writers: With Reader, Research Manual, and Handbook

by Kennedy, X. J.; Kennedy, Dorothy M.; Holladay, Sylvia A.

• ISBN13: 9780312171568
• ISBN10: 0312171560
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Bedford/st Martins

Table of Contents

Preface: To the Instructor	iii
A WRITER'S GUIDE	1	(10)
Introduction: A Writing Process	3	(8)
PART ONE A Writer's Resources	11	(80)
Introduction	13	(1)
Writing from Recall	14	(19)
Learning from Other Writers	14	(7)
The Art of Eating Spaghetti	15	(2)
Russell Baker
What Is a Hunter? (Student Essay)	17	(4)
Robert G. Schreiner
Learning by Writing	21	(8)
The Assignment: Recalling a Personal Experience	21	(1)
Generating Ideas	22	(2)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	24	(1)
Revising and Editing	25	(2)
Other Assignments	27	(2)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Writing from Recall	29	(2)
Making Connections: Writing from Recall in A Writer's Reader	31	(2)
Writing from Observation	33	(18)
Learning from Other Writers	34	(5)
The Shock of Teapots	34	(2)
Cynthia Ozick
Footprints: The Mark of Our Passing (Student Essay)	36	(3)
Sandy Messina
Learning by Writing	39	(9)
The Assignment: Observing a Scene	39	(1)
Generating Ideas	39	(4)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	43	(1)
Revising and Editing	44	(2)
Other Assignments	46	(2)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Writing from Observation	48	(1)
Making Connections: Writing from Observation in A Writer's Reader	49	(2)
Writing from Conversation	51	(21)
Learning from Other Writers	51	(7)
Jodie Loses Her Cool	52	(4)
Melina Gerosa
Interview with an Artist (Student Essay)	56	(2)
Betsy Buffo
Learning by Writing	58	(11)
The Assignment: Interviewing	58	(1)
Generating Ideas	59	(4)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	63	(3)
Revising and Editing	66	(3)
Other Assignments	69	(1)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Writing from Conversation	69	(2)
Making Connections: Writing from Conversation in A Writer's Reader	71	(1)
Writing from Imagination	72	(19)
Learning from Other Writers	73	(14)
A Fable for Tomorrow	74	(2)
Rachel Carson
Put Me Out of My Misery, Shoot Me! (Student Essay)	76	(2)
Ron A. Larsen
Learning by Writing	78	(1)
The Assignment: Exploring through Imagination	78	(1)
Generating Ideas	79	(3)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	82	(1)
Revising and Editing	83	(2)
Other Assignments	85	(2)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Writing from Imagination	87	(2)
Making Connections: Writing from Imagination in A Writer's Reader	89	(2)
PART TWO Thinking Critically	91	(176)
Introduction: Critical Strategies for Reading and Writing	93	(1)
What Is Critical Thinking?	93	(2)
Thinking Critically While Reading and Writing	95	(3)
Supporting Critical Thinking with Evidence	98	(11)
Types of Evidence	99	(2)
Testing Evidence	101	(2)
Using Evidence to Support an Appeal	103	(1)
Recognizing Logical Fallacies	104	(3)
Recognizing Misuses of Language	107	(2)
Reading Critically	109	(26)
Learning from Other Writers	110	(6)
The ``Decent'' against the ``Street''	110	(3)
George Will
Playing Games with Women's Sports (Student Essay)	113	(3)
Kelly Grecian
Learning by Writing	116	(15)
The Assignment: Reading Critically	116	(1)
Generating Ideas	117	(6)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	123	(4)
Revising and Editing	127	(3)
Other Assignments	130	(1)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Writing from Critical Reading	131	(2)
Making Connections: Writing from Critical Reading in A Writer's Reader	133	(2)
Analyzing	135	(24)
Learning from Other Writers	135	(15)
``Throwing like a Girl''	136	(5)
James Fallows
A Woman in the White House (Student Essay)	141	(9)
Lillian Tsu
Learning by Writing	150	(6)
The Assignment: Analyzing	150	(1)
Generating Ideas	150	(2)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	152	(1)
Revising and Editing	153	(2)
Other Assignments	155	(1)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Analysis	156	(2)
Making Connections: Analysis in A Writer's Reader	158	(1)
Comparing and Contrasting	159	(24)
Learning from Other Writers	159	(8)
Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts	160	(3)
Bruce Catton
Take Me Out to the Ball Game, but Which One? (Student Essay)	163	(4)
Tim Chabot
Learning by Writing	167	(12)
The Assignment: Comparing and Contrasting	167	(1)
Generating Ideas	167	(4)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	171	(5)
Revising and Editing	176	(2)
Other Assignments	178	(1)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Comparing and Contrasting	179	(2)
Making Connections: Comparing and Contrasting in A Writer's Reader	181	(2)
Explaining Causes and Effects	183	(19)
Learning from Other Writers	183	(6)
The Wrong Examples	184	(2)
David L. Evans
Invisible Women (Student Essay)	186	(3)
Yun Yung Choi
Learning by Writing	189	(10)
The Assignment: Explaining Causes and Effects	189	(2)
Generating Ideas	191	(2)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	193	(1)
Revising and Editing	194	(3)
Other Assignments	197	(2)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Explaining Causes and Effects	199	(1)
Making Connections: Explanations of Causes and Effects in A Writer's Reader	200	(2)
Taking a Stand	202	(22)
Learning from Other Writers	202	(6)
Last Rites for Indian Dead	203	(2)
Suzan Shown Harjo
Affirmative Action Encourages Racism (Student Essay)	205	(3)
Thaddeus Watulak
Learning by Writing	208	(13)
The Assignment: Taking a Stand	208	(2)
Generating Ideas	210	(6)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	216	(3)
Revising and Editing	219	(2)
Other Assignments	221	(1)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Taking a Stand	221	(2)
Making Connections: Taking a Stand in A Writer's Reader	223	(1)
Proposing a Solution	224	(21)
Learning from Other Writers	225	(6)
Wilbert Rideau, Why Prisons Don't Work	225	(2)
Heather Colbenson, Missed Opportunities (Student Essay)	227	(4)
Learning by Writing	231	(10)
The Assignment: Proposing a Solution	231	(1)
Generating Ideas	232	(3)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	235	(2)
Revising and Editing	237	(3)
Other Assignments	240	(1)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Proposals	241	(2)
Making Connections: Proposals in A Writer's Reader	243	(2)
Evaluating	245	(22)
Learning from Other Writers	245	(8)
Michiko Kakutani, Paradise: Worthy Women, Unredeemable Men	246	(2)
Geoffrey Fallon, Hatred within an Illustrated Medium: Those Uncanny X-Men (Student Essay)	248	(5)
Learning by Writing	253	(10)
The Assignment: Writing an Evaluation	253	(1)
Generating Ideas	254	(2)
Planning, Drafting, and Developing	256	(2)
Revising and Editing	258	(3)
Other Assignments	261	(2)
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Evaluating	263	(1)
Making Connections: Evaluations in A Writer's Reader	264	(3)
PART THREE Special Writing Situations	267	(90)
Introduction	269	(2)
Writing about Literature	271	(45)
Literary Analysis	272	(28)
Learning from Other Writers	272	(1)
Shirley Jackson, The Lottery	272	(9)
Jonathan Burns, The Hidden Truth: An Analysis of Shirley Jackson's ``The Lottery'' (Student Essay)	281	(3)
Analyzing the Elements of Literature: A Glossary of Terms	284	(4)
Learning by Writing	288	(10)
A Note on Documenting Sources	298	(2)
Comparison and Contrast	300	(7)
Learning from Other Writers	300	(1)
Patterns	300	(3)
Amy Lowell
Song of Napalm	303	(1)
Bruce Weigl
Love and War: Images of Nature in Two Poems by Bruce Weigl and Amy Lowell (Student Essay)	304	(3)
Lionel Prokop
Strategies for Writing about Literature: Synopsis and Paraphrase	307	(7)
Learning from Other Writers	307	(1)
A Synopsis of ``The Lottery'' (Student Example)	307	(2)
Jonathan Burns
Lionel Prokop, A Paraphrase of ``Patterns'' (Student Example)	309	(1)
Learning by Writing	310	(1)
The Story of an Hour	311	(3)
Kate Chopin
Other Assignments for Writing about Literature	314	(2)
Writing for Assessment	316	(22)
Essay Examinations	317	(11)
Preparing for the Exam	317	(1)
Learning from Another Writer	318	(1)
Generating Ideas	319	(1)
Planning: Recognizing Typical Exam Questions	320	(4)
Drafting: The Only Version	324	(3)
Revising: Rereading and Proofing	327	(1)
Short-Answer Examinations	328	(1)
Timed Writings	329	(2)
Types of Topics	330	(1)
Writing for Portfolio Assessment	331	(7)
Understanding Portfolio Assessment	332	(2)
Tips for Keeping a Portfolio	334	(4)
Writing for Business	338	(19)
Guidelines for Business Writing	338	(5)
Know Your Purpose	339	(1)
Keep Your Audience in Mind	339	(1)
Use an Appropriate Tone	340	(1)
Present Information Carefully	341	(2)
Business Letters	343	(4)
Format for Business Letters	343	(4)
Memoranda	347	(2)
Format for Memoranda	349	(1)
Electronic Mail	349	(1)
Format for E-mail	350	(1)
Resumes and Application Letters	350	(7)
Resumes	351	(2)
Application Letters	353	(4)
PART FOUR A Writer's Strategies	357	(128)
Introduction	359	(1)
Strategies for Generating Ideas	360	(15)
Finding Ideas	360	(12)
Brainstorming	360	(3)
Freewriting	363	(3)
Keeping a Journal	366	(2)
Asking a Reporter's Questions	368	(2)
Seeking Motives	370	(2)
Getting Ready	372	(3)
Setting Up Circumstances	372	(2)
Preparing Your Mind	374	(1)
Strategies for Planning	375	(17)
Stating and Using a Thesis	375	(5)
Discovering Your Thesis	376	(2)
How to State a Thesis	378	(1)
How to Use a Thesis	379	(1)
Making Connections: Thesis Statements in A Writer's Reader	380	(1)
Organizing Your Ideas	380	(12)
Grouping Your Ideas	381	(3)
Outlining	384	(8)
Strategies for Drafting	392	(20)
Making a Start Enjoyable	392	(2)
Restarting	394	(1)
Paragraphing	395	(1)
Using Topic Sentences	396	(4)
Kinds of Topic Sentences	397	(2)
Making Connections: Topic Sentences in A Writer's Reader	399	(1)
Writing an Opening	400	(2)
Kinds of Openings	400	(2)
Making Connections: Openings in A Writer's Reader	402	(1)
Writing a Conclusion	402	(5)
Kinds of Conclusions	403	(3)
Making Connections: Conclusions in A Writer's Reader	406	(1)
Achieving Coherence	407	(5)
Devices That Create Coherence	407	(3)
Making Connections: Coherence in A Writer's Reader	410	(2)
Strategies for Developing	412	(20)
Giving Examples	413	(3)
Methods of Giving Examples	413	(2)
Making Connections: Examples in A Writer's Reader	415	(1)
Providing Details	416	(3)
Methods of Providing Details	416	(3)
Making Connections: Details in A Writer's Reader	419	(1)
Defining	419	(2)
Methods of Defining	419	(2)
Making Connections: Definitions in A Writer's Reader	421	(1)
Dividing and Classifying	421	(3)
Methods of Dividing and Classifying	421	(3)
Making Connections: Division and Classification in A Writer's Reader	424	(1)
Analyzing a Process	424	(2)
Methods of Analyzing a Process	424	(2)
Making Connections: Process Analyses in A Writer's Reader	426	(1)
Comparing and Contrasting	426	(3)
Methods of Comparing and Contrasting	426	(3)
Making Connections: Comparisons and Contrasts in A Writer's Reader	429	(1)
Identifying Causes and Effects	429	(3)
Methods of Identifying Causes and Effects	429	(2)
Making Connections: Causes and Effects in A Writer's Reader	431	(1)
Strategies for Revising and Editing	432	(17)
Re-viewing, Revising, and Editing	432	(5)
Revising for Purpose	433	(1)
Revising for Structure	434	(2)
Revising for Audience	436	(1)
Stressing What Counts	437	(2)
Stating First or Last	437	(2)
Repeating	439	(1)
Cutting and Whittling	439	(6)
Proofreading and Editing	445	(4)
Strategies for Working with Other Writers: Collaborative Learning	449	(13)
Serving as a Reader	450	(2)
Learning as a Writer	452	(2)
Peer Editors in Action	454	(8)
Strategies for Writing with a Computer	462	(23)
What Word Processing Can and Cannot Do	463	(4)
Advantages	463	(2)
Disadvantages	465	(2)
An Introduction to Word Processing	467	(7)
Basic Word-Processing Concepts	468	(6)
A Few Practical Tips for Word Processing	474	(2)
Writing on Computer Networks	476	(9)
Understanding Networks	477	(2)
Writing on Networks	479	(2)
The Basics of Netiquette	481	(4)
A WRITER'S READER	485	(178)
Introduction: Reading to Write	487	(2)
Families	489	(39)
Once More to the Lake	490	(5)
E. B. White
Mother Tongue	495	(6)
Amy Tan
Black like...Shiley Temple?	501	(3)
Geald Early
Shades	504	(7)
William Henry Lewis
Visiting Steven	511	(4)
Marion Winik
Evan's Two Moms	515	(3)
Anna Quindlen
Paired Essays
A Part-Time Marriage	518	(3)
Noel Perrin
Remarriage and Stefamilies	521	(7)
Stephanie Coontz
Men and Women	528	(32)
I Want a Wife	529	(2)
Judy Brady
The Men We Carry in Our Minds	531	(5)
Scott Russell Sanders
Our Barbies, Ourselves	536	(3)
Emily Prager
Three Generations of Native American Women's Birth Experience	539	(6)
Joy Harjo
Locker Room Talk	545	(2)
Stephen Dunn
The Gender Gap	547	(3)
Matthew Futterman
Paired Essays
Women and Men Talking on the Job	550	(6)
Deborah Tannen
How Men and Women Think	556	(4)
Nicholas Wade
American Diversity	560	(32)
Black Men and Public Space	561	(3)
Brent Staples
The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria	564	(6)
Judith Ortiz Cofer
Year of the Blue-Collar Guy	570	(3)
Steve Olson
Early Memory: The California Zephyr	573	(2)
Toi Derricotte
The Niceness Solution	575	(4)
Paul Varnell
Mairs Freeing Choices	579	(4)
Nancy
Paired Essays
Does America Still Exist?	583	(4)
Richard Rodriguez
Affirmative Action: The ``Radical Republican'' Example	587	(5)
Jack Kemp
Popular Culture	592	(30)
Why We Crave Horror Movies	593	(3)
Stephen King
Abducted! Encounters with Aliens	596	(6)
Michael Shermer
The Myth of Cinderella	602	(4)
Veronica Chambers
In Praise of Asphalt Nation	606	(4)
James Q. Wilson
Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today	610	(3)
Phyllis Rose
Paired Essays
How to Zap Violence on Tv	613	(3)
Ellen Goodman
Public Enemy Number One?	616	(6)
Mike Males
Technology and Society	622	(41)
Virtual Love	623	(8)
Meghan Daum
The Haves and the Have-Nots	631	(4)
LynNell Hancock
The Portfolio Career as a Response to a Changing Job Market	635	(7)
Thomas F. Cawsey
Gene Deszca
Maurice Mazerolle
Is the Web Too Cool for Blacks?	642	(4)
Leonce Gaiter
Six Clicks from Death	646	(5)
Cynthia Joyce
Paired Essays
The Price of Admission	651	(5)
Stephanie Brail
Privacy Is the Problem, Not the Solution	656	(7)
Jeffrey Obser
A WRITER'S RESEARCH MANUAL	663	(2)
Introduction: The Nature of Research	665	(3)
Forming a Research Question and Finding Sources	668	(1)
Learning from Other Writers: Two Students' Experiences	669	(3)
Learning by Writing	672	(1)
The Assignment: Writing from Sources	672	(2)
Generating Ideas and Forming a Research Question	674	(1)
Choosing Your Territory	674	(1)
Taking an Overview	675	(1)
Stating Your Question	676	(2)
Making a Preliminary Search	678	(1)
Using Effective Search Techniques	679	(1)
Starting a Working Bibliography	680	(2)
Starting a Research Archive	682	(2)
Recording Electronic Searches	684	(1)
Using Keywords	684	(1)
Conducting Advanced Electronic Searches	684	(2)
Finding Sources in the Library	686	(1)
Consulting the Catalog	687	(5)
Consulting Reference Materials	692	(3)
Consulting Periodical Indexes and Bibliographies	695	(4)
Using Other Library Resources	699	(2)
Finding Sources on the Internet	701	(1)
Understanding the Internet	702	(1)
Searching the World Wide Web	703	(5)
Searching Gopher	708	(1)
Searching Newsgroups and Mailing Lists	708	(1)
Searching Online Document Collections	709	(1)
Using Chat and MOOs	709	(1)
Finding Sources in the Field	710	(1)
Observing	711	(1)
Interviewing	711	(2)
Using Questionnaires	713	(2)
Corresponding	715	(1)
Attending Lectures, Conferences, Online Forums, and Other Public Discussions	716	(1)
Evaluating Sources and Taking Notes	717	(1)
Evaluating Sources	718	(1)
What Is the Purpose?	718	(1)
Who Is the Intended Audience?	719	(1)
Should I Trust This Author?	719	(1)
Is This a Primary or a Secondary Source?	721	(1)
Who Is the Publisher?	722	(1)
How Sound Is the Evidence?	723	(1)
Is the Information Up-to-Date?	724	(1)
What Will I Gain by Using This Source?	724	(1)
Taking Notes	725	(1)
Tips for Better Note Taking	725	(2)
Avoiding Plagiarism	727	(1)
Quoting, Paraphrasing, Nutshelling	727	(5)
Writing the Research Paper	732	(1)
Planning and Drafting	732	(1)
Moving from Notes to Outline to Draft	732	(5)
Incorporating Source Material	737	(8)
Beginning and Ending	745	(2)
Revising and Editing	747	(1)
Documenting Sources	748	(3)
Manuscript Form	751	(1)
A Completed Library Research Paper	751	(1)
America's Obsession with Sports	752	(12)
Maria Halloran
A Completed Library, Internet, and Field Research Paper	764	(1)
Into Las Animas and Myself	765	(13)
Mark Sanchez
A Completed Literary Research Paper	778	(4)
Female Identity in Kate Chopin's ``The Story of an Hour''	782	(10)
Chris Robinson
Applying What You Learn: Some Uses of Research	792	(3)
Documenting Sources	795	(1)
Citing Sources: MLA Style	796	(1)
Citing Printed Sources: Nonfiction Books	796	(3)
Citing Printed Sources: Literature	799	(1)
Citing Printed Sources: Reference Books and Periodicals	800	(1)
Citing Electronic and Other Nonprint Sources	801	(1)
Listing Sources: MLA Style	802	(1)
Listing Printed Sources: Books	802	(2)
Listing Printed Sources: Parts of Books	804	(1)
Listing Printed Sources: Reference Books	805	(1)
Listing Printed Sources: Periodicals	806	(1)
Listing Other Printed Sources	807	(1)
Listing Internet and Electronic Sources	808	(2)
Listing Other Nonprint Sources	810	(1)
Citing Sources: APA Style	811	(1)
Citing Printed Sources	812	(3)
Citing Other Sources	815	(1)
Listing Sources: APA Style	815	(1)
Listing Printed Sources: Books	816	(1)
Listing Printed Sources: Periodicals	817	(1)
Listing Other Printed Sources	818	(1)
Listing Internet and Electronic Sources	819	(1)
Listing Other Nonprint Sources	820
A WRITER'S HANDBOOK	H-1
Introduction: Grammer, or The Way Words Work	H-3
Basic Grammer	H-7
Parts of Speech	H-7
Sentence Structure	H-18
Phrases and Clauses	H-25
Types of Sentences	H-35
Grammatical Sentences	H-38
Verbs	H-38
Subject-Verb Agreement	H-56
Pronoun Case	H-63
Pronoun Reference	H-67
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement	H-70
Adjectives and Adverbs	H-74
Shifts	H-80
Sentence Fragments	H-85
Comma Splices and Fused Sentences	H-90
Effective Sentences	H-95
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers	H-95
Incomplete Sentences	H-98
Mixed Constructions and Faulty Predication	H-103
Parallel Structure	H-106
Coordination and Subordination	H-111
Sentence Variety	H-117
Word Choice	H-120
Appropriateness	H-120
Exact Words	H-126
Bias-Free Language	H-130
Wordiness	H-134
Punctuation	H-137
End Punctuation	H-137
The Comma	H-140
The Semicolon	H-151
The Colon	H-154
The Apostrophe	H-157
Quotation Marks	H-160
The Dash	H-165
Parentheses, Brackets, and the Ellipsis Mark	H-167
Mechanics	H-173
Abbreviations	H-173
Capital Letters	H-177
Numbers	H-180
Italics	H-183
The Hyphen	H-186
Spelling	H-190
Resources for Editing
Quick Editing Guide	R-1
A. Editing for Common Grammar Problems	R-2
B. Editing to Ensure Effective Sentences	R-14
C. Editing for Common Punctuation Problems	R-16
D. Editing for Common Mechanics Problems	R-19
A Glossary of Troublemakers	R-29
Answers for Lettered Exercises	R-39
Index	I-1
Rhetorical Index	I-17