Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology (with CengageNOW, Personal Tutor, InfoTrac 1-Semester, iLrn™ Printed Access Card)

by Starr, Cecie

• ISBN13: 9780495109198
• ISBN10: 0495109193
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-02-21
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

Cecie Starr is the most successful author in non-majors biology because of her clear and engaging writing, trend-setting art, and unparalleled media. BIOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW, her most concise text, provides a precise, issues-oriented approach and "solves" some of the toughest course challenges: engaging students, linking concepts from chapter to chapter, easily monitoring students' progress and simplifying lecture prep. Show students how biology matters: opening each chapter with engaging essays on hot issues and related online voting, the text highlights the connections between biology and real-life. Online exercises promote critical thinking about issues students will face as consumers, parents and citizens. Link concepts from chapter to chapter: since students have a difficult time linking concepts, the authors created a new "linking" tool. A list at the start of each chapter reminds students of related topics that were explained earlier. Within chapters, a key icon identifies cross-references to relevant sections in earlier chapters. As students work through the text, they see how topics build upon one another. Monitor students' progress with ease: BiologyNow offers diagnostic quizzes with automatically graded results that flow directly into your instructor grade book (iLrn, WebCT or BlackBoard). And, to assess students' progress instantly with in-class quizzes and polls, you can use JoinIn on TurningPoint content and software. Enjoy easier lecture prep: The new PowerLecture tool integrates all electronic chapter assets - art, photos, animations, videos, links to InfoTrac articles, web links, bulleted text slides, and everything else you need into each chapter's lecture slides. This "buffet" of media resources-arranged by chapter section-is at your fingertips.

Table of Contents

Invitation to Biology
Impacts, Issues: What Am I Doing Here?	p. 1
Life's Levels of Organization	p. 2
Overview of Life's Unity	p. 4
If So Much Unity, Why so Many Species?	p. 6
An Evolutionary View of Diversity	p. 8
The Nature of Biological Inquiry	p. 9
The Power of Experimental Tests	p. 10
The Scope and Limits of Science	p. 12
Cells
Molecules of Life
Impacts, Issues: Science or Supernatural?	p. 15
Atoms and Their Interactions	p. 16
Bonds in Biological Molecules	p. 18
Water's Life-Giving Properties	p. 20
Acids and Bases	p. 22
Molecules of Life-From Structure to Function	p. 23
The Truly Abundant Carbohydrates	p. 26
Greasy, Fatty-Must Be Lipids	p. 28
Proteins-Diversity in Structure and Function	p. 30
Why is Protein Structure So Important?	p. 32
Nucleotides and the Nucleic Acids	p. 34
How Cells Are Put Together
Impacts, Issues: Animalcules and Cells Fill'd With Juices	p. 38
What is "A Cell"?	p. 39
Most Cells are Really Small	p. 40
The Structure of Cell Membranes	p. 42
A Closer Look at Prokaryotic Cells	p. 44
A Closer Look at Eukaryotic Cells	p. 45
Where Did Organelles Come From?	p. 50
The Dynamic Cytoskeleton	p. 52
Cell Surface Specializations	p. 54
How Cells Work
Impacts, Issues: Beer, Enzymes, and Your Liver	p. 58
Inputs and Outputs of Energy	p. 59
Inputs and Outputs of Substances	p. 61
How Enzymes Make Substances React	p. 62
Diffusion and Metabolism	p. 65
Working with and Against Diffusion	p. 66
Which Way Will Water Move?	p. 68
Cell Burps and Gulps	p. 70
Where It Starts-Photosynthesis
Impacts, Issues: Sunlight and Survival	p. 73
The Rainbow Catchers	p. 74
Light-Dependent Reactions	p. 76
Light-Independent Reactions	p. 78
Pastures of the Seas	p. 80
How Cells Release Chemical Energy
Impacts, Issues: When Mitochondria Spin Their Wheels	p. 82
Overview of Energy-Releasing Pathways	p. 83
Glycolysis-Glucose Breakdown Starts	p. 84
Second and Third Stages of Aerobic Respiration	p. 86
Anaerobic Energy-Releasing Pathways	p. 88
Alternative Energy Sources in the Body	p. 89
Connections with Photosynthesis	p. 91
Genetics
How Cells Reproduce
Impacts, Issues: Henrietta's Immortal Cells	p. 94
Overview of Cell Division Mechanisms	p. 95
Introducing the Cell Cycle	p. 96
Mitosis Maintains the Chromosome Number	p. 97
Division of the Cytoplasm	p. 100
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction	p. 101
How Meiosis Puts Variation in Traits	p. 104
From Gametes to Offspring	p. 106
The Cell Cycle and Cancer	p. 108
Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits
Impacts, Issues: Menacing Mucus	p. 112
Tracking Traits with Hybrid Crosses	p. 113
Not-So-Straightforward Phenotypes	p. 117
Complex Variations in Traits	p. 120
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance	p. 123
Impact of Crossing Over on Inheritance	p. 125
Human Genetic Analysis	p. 126
Examples of Human Inheritance Patterns	p. 127
Structural Changes in Chromosomes	p. 130
Change in the Number of Chromosomes	p. 131
Some Prospects in Human Genetics	p. 133
DNA Structure and Function
Impacts, Issues: Here, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty	p. 137
The Hunt for Fame, Fortune, and DNA	p. 138
DNA Structure and Function	p. 140
DNA Replication and Repair	p. 142
Using DNA to Clone Mammals	p. 143
Gene Expression and Control
Impacts, Issues: Ricin and Your Ribosomes	p. 146
Making and Controlling the Cell's Proteins	p. 147
How is RNA Transcribed From DNA?	p. 147
Deciphering mRNA	p. 150
From mRNA to Protein	p. 152
Mutated Genes and Their Protein Products	p. 154
Controls Over Gene Expression	p. 156
Studying and Manipulating Genomes
Impacts, Issues Golden Rice or Frankenfood?	p. 162
A Molecular Toolkit	p. 163
Haystacks to Needles	p. 165
DNA Sequencing	p. 167
First Just Fingerprints, Now DNA Fingerprints	p. 168
Tinkering with the Molecules of Life	p. 169
Practical Genetics	p. 171
Weighing the Benefits and Risks	p. 173
Evolution and Diversity
Processes of Evolution
Impacts, Issues: Rise of the Super Rats	p. 176
Early Beliefs, Confounding Discoveries	p. 177
The Nature of Adaptation	p. 181
Individuals Don't Evolve, Populations Do	p. 182
When is a Population Not Evolving?	p. 184
Natural Selection Revisited	p. 185
Maintaining Variation in a Population	p. 188
Genetic Drift-The Chance Changes	p. 190
Gene Flow-Keeping Populations Alike	p. 191
Evolutionary Patterns, Rates, and Trends
Impacts, Issues: Measuring Time	p. 194
Fossils-Evidence of Ancient Life	p. 195
Dating Pieces of the Puzzle	p. 196
Evidence from Biogeography	p. 199
More Evidence from Comparative Morphology	p. 201
Evidence from Patterns of Development	p. 203
Evidence from DNA, RNA, and Proteins	p. 204
Reproductive Isolation, Maybe New Species	p. 205
Interpreting the Evidence: Models for Speciation	p. 208
Patterns of Speciation and Extinctions	p. 211
Organizing Information About Species	p. 213
Early Life
Impacts, Issues: Looking for Life in All the Odd Places	p. 218
Origin of the First Living Cells	p. 219
What Are Existing Prokaryotes Like?	p. 224
The Curiously Classified Protists	p. 228
The Fabulous Fungi	p. 234
Viruses, Viroids, and Prions	p. 239
Evolution and Infectious Diseases	p. 241
Plant Evolution
Impacts, Issues: Beginnings, and Endings	p. 244
Pioneers in a New World	p. 245
The Bryophytes-No Vascular Tissues	p. 247
Seedless Vascular Plants	p. 248
The Rise of Seed-Bearing Plants	p. 251
Gymnosperms-Plants with "Naked" Seeds	p. 252
Angiosperms-the Flowering Plants	p. 254
Deforestation in the Tropics	p. 256
Animal Evolution
Impacts, Issues: Interpreting and Misinterpreting the Past	p. 259
Overview of the Animal Kingdom	p. 260
Getting Along Well Without Organs	p. 262
Flatworms-Introducing Organ Systems	p. 263
Annelids-Segments Galore	p. 264
The Evolutionarily Pliable Mollusks	p. 266
Amazingly Abundant Roundworms	p. 267
Arthropods-The Most Successful Animals	p. 268
The Puzzling Echinoderms	p. 272
Evolutionary Trends Among Vertebrates	p. 273
Major Groups of Jawed Fishes	p. 275
Early Amphibious Tetrapods	p. 276
The Rise of Amniotes	p. 278
From Early Primates to Humans	p. 281
Plants and Animals: Common Challenges
Impacts, Issues: Too Hot To Handle	p. 289
Levels of Structural Organization	p. 290
Recurring Challenges to Survival	p. 292
Homeostasis in Animals	p. 293
Does Homeostasis Occur in Plants?	p. 295
How Cells Receive and Respond to Signals	p. 297
How Plants Work
Plant Form and Function
Impacts, Issues: Drought Versus Civilization	p. 300
Overview of the Plant Body	p. 301
Primary Structure of Shoots	p. 304
Primary Structure of Roots	p. 306
Secondary Growth-The Woody Plants	p. 308
Plant Nutrients and Availability In Soil	p. 310
How Do Roots Absorb Water and Mineral Ions?	p. 312
Water Transport Through Plants	p. 314
How Do Stems and Leaves Conserve Water?	p. 316
How Organic Compounds Move Through Plants	p. 317
Plant Reproduction and Development
Impacts, Issues: Imperiled Sexual Partners	p. 321
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	p. 322
From Zygotes to Seeds Packaged in Fruit	p. 325
Asexual Reproduction of Flowering Plants	p. 327
Patterns of Early Growth and Development	p. 328
Cell Communication in Plant Development	p. 330
Adjusting Rates and Directions of Growth	p. 332
Meanwhile, Back at the Flower	p. 334
Life Cycles End, and Turn Again	p. 335
Regarding the World's Most Nutritious Plant	p. 336
How Animals Work
Animal Tissues and Organ Systems
Impacts, Issues: It's All About Potential	p. 339
Organization and Control in Animal Bodies	p. 340
Four Basic Types of Tissues	p. 340
Organ Systems Made from Tissues	p. 345
Skin-Example of an Organ System	p. 346
How Animals Move
Impacts, Issues: Pumping Up Muscles	p. 349
So What Is a Skeleton?	p. 350
How Do Bones and Muscles Interact?	p. 353
How Does Skeletal Muscle Contract?	p. 354
Properties of Whole Muscles	p. 356
Circulation and Respiration
Impacts, Issues: Up In Smoke	p. 360
The Nature of Blood Circulation	p. 361
Characteristics of Human Blood	p. 362
Human Cardiovascular System	p. 364
Structure and Function of Blood Vessels	p. 367
Cardiovascular Disorders	p. 370
The Nature of Respiration	p. 371
Human Respiratory System	p. 374
Moving Air and Transporting Gases	p. 376
When the Lungs Break Down	p. 378
Immunity
Impacts, Issues: The Face of AIDS	p. 382
Integrated Responses to Threats	p. 383
Surface Barriers	p. 385
The Innate Immune Response	p. 387
Tailoring Responses to Specific Antigens	p. 389
Antibodies and Other Antigen Receptors	p. 392
Antibody-Mediated Immune Response	p. 394
The Cell-Mediated Immune Response	p. 395
Defenses Enhanced or Compromised	p. 397
Aids: Immunity Lost	p. 398
Digestion, Nutrition, and Excretion
Impacts, Issues: Hips and Hunger	p. 402
The Nature of Digestive Systems	p. 403
Human Digestive System	p. 404
Human Nutritional Requirements	p. 410
Weighty Questions, Tantalizing Answers	p. 413
Urinary System of Mammals	p. 415
How the Kidneys Make Urine	p. 416
When Kidneys Break Down	p. 419
Neural Control and the Senses
Impacts, Issues: In Pursuit of Ecstasy	p. 422
Neurons-The Great Communicators	p. 423
How Messages Flow from Cell to Cell	p. 426
The Paths of Information Flow	p. 428
Types of Nervous Systems	p. 430
The Peripheral Nervous System	p. 432
The Central Nervous System	p. 433
Drugging the Brain	p. 436
Overview of Sensory Systems	p. 438
Somatic Sensations	p. 439
The Special Senses	p. 440
Endocrine Controls
Impacts, Issues: Hormones in the Balance	p. 448
Hormones and other Signaling Molecules	p. 449
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland	p. 452
Thymus, Thyroid, and Parathyroid Glands	p. 453
Adrenal Glands and Stress Responses	p. 455
The Pancreas and Glucose Homeostasis	p. 456
Hormones and Reproductive Behavior	p. 457
Reproduction and Development
Impacts, Issues: Mind-Boggling Births	p. 461
Methods of Reproduction	p. 462
Processes of Animal Development	p. 464
Reproductive System of Human Males	p. 467
Reproductive System of Human Females	p. 469
How Pregnancy Happens	p. 472
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	p. 474
Human Prenatal Development	p. 476
From Birth Onward	p. 483
Ecology
Population Ecology
Impacts, Issues: The Human Touch	p. 488
Characteristics of Populations	p. 489
Population Size and Exponential Growth	p. 491
Limits on the Growth of Populations	p. 492
Life History Patterns	p. 495
Human Population Growth	p. 498
Community Structure and Biodiversity
Impacts, Issues: Fire Ants in the Pants	p. 503
Which Factors Shape Community Structure?	p. 504
Mutually Beneficial Interactions	p. 505
Competitive Interactions	p. 506
Predator-Prey Interactions	p. 508
Parasites and Parasitoids	p. 511
Changes in Community Structure Over Time	p. 513
Forces Contributing to Community Instability	p. 515
Patterns of Species Diversity	p. 518
Conservation Biology	p. 519
Ecosystems
Impacts, Issues: Bye-Bye Bayou	p. 526
The Nature of Ecosystems	p. 527
Biological Magnification in Food Webs	p. 530
Studying Energy Flow Through Ecosystems	p. 531
Global Cycling of Water and Nutrients	p. 532
Carbon Cycle	p. 534
Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming	p. 536
Nitrogen Cycle	p. 538
Phosphorus Cycle	p. 540
The Biosphere
Impacts, Issues: Surfers, Seals, and the Sea	p. 543
Air Circulation and Climates	p. 544
The Ocean, Landforms, and Climates	p. 548
Realms of Biodiversity	p. 550
The Water Provinces	p. 557
Applying Knowledge of the Biosphere	p. 562
Behavioral Ecology
Impacts, Issues: My Pheromones Made Me Do It	p. 566
So Where Does Behavior Start?	p. 567
Communication Signals	p. 572
Mates, Offspring, and Reproductive Success	p. 574
Costs and Benefits of Social Groups	p. 576
Why Sacrifice Yourself?	p. 578
A Look at Primate Social Behavior	p. 580
Human Social Behavior	p. 581
Epilogue: Biological Principles and the Human Imperative
Answers to Self-Quizzes
Answers to Genetics Problems
Annotations to A Journal Article
A Plain English Map of the Human Chromosomes
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