BIOS Instant Notes in Molecular Biology

by McLennan; Alexander

• ISBN13: 9780415684163
• ISBN10: 0415684161
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2012-06-06
• Publisher: Taylor & Franci

Summary

BIOS Instant Notes Molecular Biology, Fourth Edition, is the perfect text for undergraduates looking for a concise introduction to the subject, or a study guide to use before examinations. Each topic begins with a summary of essential facts-an ideal revision checklist-followed by a description of the subject that focuses on core information, with clear, simple diagrams that are easy for students to understand and recall in essays and exams. BIOS Instant Notes Molecular Biology, Fourth Edition, is fully up-to-date and covers: Information processing and macromolecules Properties of nucleic acids Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome structure DNA replication DNA damage, repair and recombination Transcription in prokaryotes Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes Transcription in eukaryotes Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes RNA processing and RNPs The genetic code and tRNA Protein synthesis Bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses Cell cycle and cancer Gene manipulation Cloning Vectors Gene libraries and screening Analysis and uses of cloned DNA Functional genomics and the new technologies

Table of Contents

Preface to the fourth edition	p. v
Informational macromolecules
Information processing and molecular biology	p. 1
Nucleic acid structure and function	p. 4
Protein structure and function	p. 12
Macromolecular assemblies	p. 22
Analysis of proteins	p. 26
Properties of nucleic acids
Chemical and physical properties of nucleic acids	p. 33
Spectroscopic and thermal properties of nucleic acids	p. 37
DNA supercoiling	p. 40
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome structure
Prokaryotic chromosome structure	p. 45
Chromatin structure	p. 48
Eukaryotic chromosome structure	p. 53
Genome complexity	p. 59
DNA replication
DNA replication: an overview	p. 64
Bacterial DNA replication	p. 69
Eukaryotic DNA replication	p. 74
DNA damage, repair, and recombination
DNA damage	p. 78
Mutagenesis	p. 82
DNA repair	p. 86
Recombination and transposition	p. 91
Transcription in bacteria
Basic principles of transcription	p. 96
Escherichia coli RNA polymerase	p. 99
The E. coli ¿70 promoter	p. 102
Transcription initiation, elongation, and termination	p. 105
Regulation of transcription in bacteria
The lac operon	p. 110
The trp operon	p. 114
Transcriptional regulation by alternative a factors and RNA	p. 119
Transcription in eukaryotes
The three RNA polymerases: characterization and function	p. 123
RNA Pol I genes: the ribosomal repeat	p. 126
RNA Pol III genes: 5S and tRNA transcription	p. 130
RNA Pol II genes: promoters and enhancers	p. 134
General transcription factors and RNA Pol II initiation	p. 137
Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes
Eukaryotic transcription factors	p. 141
Examples of transcriptional regulation	p. 148
RNA processing and RNPs
rRNA processing and ribosomes	p. 154
tRNA and other small RNA processing	p. 160
mRNA processing, hnRNPs, and snRNPs	p. 164
Alternative mRNA processing	p. 171
The genetic code and tRNA
The genetic code	p. 176
tRNA structure and function	p. 181
Protein synthesis
Aspects of protein synthesis	p. 188
Mechanism of protein synthesis	p. 192
Initiation in eukaryotes	p. 199
Translational control and post-translational events	p. 204
Bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses
Introduction to viruses	p. 210
Bacteriophages	p. 213
DNA viruses	p. 218
RNA viruses	p. 222
Cell cycle and cancer
The cell cycle	p. 226
Oncogenes	p. 231
Tumor suppressor genes	p. 236
Apoptosis	p. 240
Gene manipulation
DNA cloning: an overview	p. 244
Preparation of plasmid DNA	p. 249
Restriction enzymes and electrophoresis	p. 253
Ligation, transformation, and analysis of recombinants	p. 258
Cloning vectors
Design of plasmid vectors	p. 265
Bacteriophages, cosmids, YACs, and BACs	p. 270
Eukaryotic vectors	p. 278
Gene libraries and screening
Genomic libraries	p. 283
cDNA libraries	p. 286
Screening procedures	p. 290
Analysis and uses of cloned DNA
Characterization of clones	p. 293
Nucleic acid sequencing	p. 297
Polymerase chain reaction	p. 303
Analysis of cloned genes	p. 309
Mutagenesis of cloned genes	p. 313
Functional genomics and the new technologies
Introduction to the 'omics	p. 317
Global gene expression analysis	p. 321
Proteomics	p. 328
Cell and molecular imaging	p. 333
Transgenics and stem cell technology	p. 337
Bioinformatics	p. 341
Systems and synthetic biology	p. 350
Further reading	p. 356
Abbreviations	p. 365
Index	p. 368
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