Black into White

by Skidmore, Thomas E.

• ISBN13: 9780822313205
• ISBN10: 0822313200
• Edition: Reprint
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1993-01-01
• Publisher: Duke Univ Pr

Summary

Published to wide acclaim in 1974, Thomas E. Skidmore's intellectual history of Brazilian racial ideology has become a classic in the field. Available for the first time in paperback, this edition has been updated to include a new preface and bibliography that surveys recent scholarship in the field.Black into Whiteis a broad-ranging study of what the leading Brazilian intellectuals thought and propounded about race relations between 1870 and 1930. In an effort to reconcile social realities with the doctrines of scientific racism, the Brazilian ideal of "whitening"-the theory that the Brazilian population was becoming whiter as race mixing continued-was used to justify the recruiting of European immigrants and to falsely claim that Brazil had harmoniously combined a multiracial society of Europeans, Africans, and indigenous peoples.

Table of Contents

Preface to the 1993 edition
Preface
Acknowledgments
The Intellectual Context of Abolition in Brazil	p. 3
The Brazil of 1865	p. 3
The Rise of a Reform Spirit	p. 7
Abolitionism	p. 14
European Thought and Determinist Dilemmas	p. 27
The Agony of a Would-Be Nationalist: Silvio Romero	p. 32
Racial Realities and Racial Thought After Abolition	p. 38
Nature and Origins of Brazil's Multi-racial Society	p. 38
Varieties of Racist Theory from Abroad	p. 48
Racist Theory in Brazil	p. 53
"Whitening," the Brazilian Solution	p. 64
Comparisons with the United States	p. 69
Politics, Literature, and the Brazilian Sense of Nationality Before 1910	p. 78
The Political Realities of the New Republic	p. 79
Political Criticisms of the New Republic	p. 84
Literature, Intellectuals, and the Question of Nationality	p. 87
Reaction to Inadequacy	p. 98
Turning Determinism on Its Head: The Brazilian Chauvinists	p. 99
Trying To Live with Determinism	p. 102
Rejecting the Frame of Reference	p. 113
The National Image and the Search for Immigrants	p. 124
"Selling" Brazil During the Empire	p. 125
Promoting the Brazilian Image, 1890-1914	p. 128
Immigration Policy, 1887-1914	p. 136
The New Nationalism	p. 145
Events Between 1910 and 1920	p. 146
Brazil and the Outbreak of the European War	p. 149
National Defense: Nationalism of the Establishment	p. 152
Mobilization and the New Nationalism	p. 159
Re-evaluation of Race	p. 164
Rethinking Brazilian Nationality	p. 167
The War's Stimulus to Brazilian Nationalism	p. 170
The Whitening Ideal After Scientific Racism	p. 173
1920's: Political Crisis and Literary Ferment	p. 174
Rescuing the Caboclo	p. 179
The African Heritage	p. 184
Immigration Policy	p. 192
The Whitening Ideal	p. 200
Brazilian Reaction to Nazism: A Digression	p. 205
Epilogue: Whitening - an Anachronistic Racial Ideal	p. 207
Note on Sources and Methodology	p. 219
Notes	p. 225
Selected Bibliographical Index	p. 287
Bibliography to the 1993 Edition	p. 291
Index	p. 297
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.