Cases in Climate Change Policy

by Collier, Ute; Lofstedt, Ragnar E.

• ISBN13: 9781853834141
• ISBN10: 1853834149
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-09-01
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

The European Union accounts for 15 per cent of global carbon monoxide emissions, which make up the bulk of the greenhouse gases. As the only supranational body with an environmental policy it could make an important contribution to emissions reduction. But so far it has failed to implement any significant measures. This volume of case studies examines the constraints and opportunities for the implementation of climate change policies.

Table of Contents

Foreword	viii
Jim Skea
Preface and Acknowledgements	xi
Contributors	xiii
List of Figures	xiv
List of Tables	xv
Abbreviations and Acronyms	xvi
The Climate Change Challenge	1	(14)
Ute Collier
Ragnar E Lofstedt
Introduction	1	(2)
The Threat of Climate Change	3	(2)
Options for Emission Reductions	5	(1)
Developing Response Strategies	6	(2)
Emerging Policy Responses: The International Level	8	(2)
The EU Response	10	(1)
National and Local Strategies	11	(2)
The Following Chapters	13	(2)
The Energy Dimension	15	(15)
Ute Collier
Ragnar E Lofstedt
Introduction	15	(2)
The Role of CO2-Free Electricity Generating Sources	17	(2)
The Possible Contributions of New and Developing Renewable Energies	19	(3)
Energy Efficiency	22	(2)
Low CO2 Fossil Fuel Technologies	24	(1)
New Opportunities in a Liberalized Energy Market?	25	(1)
Conclusions: What Does the Future Hold?	26	(4)
Routes of Reducing Transport-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions	30	(13)
Jo Smith
Susan Owens
Introduction	30	(1)
The Evolution of Car Dependence	31	(1)
Sustainable Transport Strategies	32	(2)
Traditional Objectives of Land Use Planning	34	(1)
Land Use Planning as a Climate Change Policy Instrument	35	(3)
Conclusion: Planning for Access and Real Wealth	38	(5)
The EU and Climate Change Policy: The Struggle over Policy Competences	43	(22)
Ute Collier
Introduction	43	(1)
Emission Characteristics of the EU	44	(3)
Subsidiarity and the Lack of EU Competences in Energy Policy	47	(3)
Attempts at Defining a Common Climate Change Strategy	50	(8)
Reliance on National and Local Action	58	(3)
Conclusions: What Future Role for the EU?	61	(4)
Leadership and Unification: Climate Change Policies in Germany	65	(22)
Michael Huber
Introduction	65	(1)
The German Emission Profile	66	(3)
The Evolution of Climate Change Policy in Germany	69	(4)
Energy Measures	73	(1)
Reducing Emissions from Fossil Fuel Electricity Generation	74	(4)
The Transport Dimension	78	(2)
Local Authorities: the Real Policy Leaders?	80	(3)
Concluding Remarks	83	(4)
`Windfall' Emission Reductions in the UK	87	(21)
Ute Collier
Introduction	87	(1)
Emission Trends in Greenhouse Gases	88	(2)
The UK Climate Change Programme	90	(2)
Changes in Energy Related Emissions: Relying on the `Dash for Gas'	92	(8)
Developments in Transport Policy	100	(2)
Climate Change and Local Government	102	(2)
Conclusions	104	(4)
Italy: Implementation Gaps and Budget Deficits	108	(19)
Gianni Silvestrini
Ute Collier
Introduction	108	(1)
Greenhouse Gas Emission Trends	109	(3)
The Italian Climate Change Programme	112	(2)
Energy Measures: Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependency	114	(6)
Transport Sector Developments	120	(2)
Local Climate Change Policies	122	(2)
Conclusions	124	(3)
France: Relying on Past Reductions and Nuclear Power	127	(20)
Pierre-Noel Giraud
Ute Collier
Ragnar E. Lofstedt
Introduction	127	(1)
French Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Relying on Past Reductions	128	(3)
France's Climate Change Policy	131	(3)
Energy Measures	134	(6)
Transport Policies	140	(3)
Local and Regional Authority Initiatives	143	(2)
Conclusions	145	(2)
Spain: Fast Growth in CO2 Emissions	147	(18)
Xavier Labandeira Villot
Introduction	147	(1)
Spanish Greenhouse Gas Emissions	148	(3)
The National Programme for Climate Change	151	(2)
Energy Measures	153	(4)
Transport Policies	157	(1)
Regional and Local Authorities and the Private Sector	158	(3)
Conclusions: Assessment of Current Strategies and Feasibility of Further Action	161	(4)
Sweden: The Dilemma of a Proposed Nuclear Phase Out	165	(19)
Ragnar E Lofstedt
Introduction	165	(1)
Sweden's Greenhouse Gas Emissions	165	(3)
Policy Developments in the Area of Climate Change	168	(2)
Current Climate Policy--How to Reduce CO2 Emissions	170	(5)
Transport Issues	175	(3)
Actions Implemented at the Local Level	178	(1)
Concluding Comments	179	(5)
Comparative Analysis and Conclusions	184	(16)
Ute Collier
Ragnar E Lofstedt
Introduction	184	(1)
Comparing the National Programmes	185	(2)
The Influence of Emission Characteristics	187	(2)
Political Constraints	189	(6)
Opportunities at the Local Level	195	(2)
Conclusions	197	(3)
Index	200