CCNA Data Center DCICT 200-155 Official Cert Guide

by Shamsee, Navaid; Klebanov, David; Fayed, Hesham; Afrose, Ahmed; Karakok, Ozden

• ISBN13: 9781587205910
• ISBN10: 1587205912
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2017-01-31
• Publisher: Cisco Press

Summary

CCNA Data Center DCICT 200-155 Official Cert Guide from Cisco Press allows you to succeed on the exam the first time and is the only self-study resource approved by Cisco. A team of leading Cisco data center experts share preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills.

 

This complete, official study package includes

• A test-preparation routine proven to help you pass the exam
  
• “Do I Know This Already?” quizzes, which allows you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section
  
• Chapter-ending and part-ending exercises, which help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly
  
• The powerful Pearson IT Certification Practice Test software, complete with hundreds of well-reviewed, exam-realistic questions, customization options, and detailed performance reports
  
• Study plan suggestions and templates to help you organize and optimize your study time
  
• A final preparation chapter that guides you through tools and resources to help you craft your review and test-taking strategies

Well-regarded for its level of detail, study plans, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that ensure your exam success.

 The official study guide helps you master topics on the CCNA Data Center DCICT 200-155 exam, including

• Cisco data center concepts: Portchannel, virtual port-channel (vPC), FabricPath, data plane, control plane, management plane, role based access control, and more
  
• Data center unified fabric: FCoE, multihop, VIFs, FEX, and setup
  
• Data center virtualization: servers, devices, and Nexus 1000v, including setup and operations
  
• Cisco Unified Computing: concepts, discovery, connectivity, setup, and UCSM
  
• Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure, ACI logical model, and policy framework n Cloud Computing, services models, and the use of application programming interfaces (APIs)
  
• Cisco UCS Director and troubleshooting UCSD workflows

Author Biography

Navaid Shamsee, CCIE No.12625, is a senior solutions architect in the Cisco Services organization. He holds a master’s degree in telecommunication and a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering. He is also a triple CCIE in routing and switching, service provider, and data center technologies. Navaid has extensive experience in designing, implementing and securing many large-scale enterprise and service provider data centers. In Cisco, Navaid is focused on the security of data center, cloud, and software-defined networking technologies. You can reach Navaid on Twitter: @NavaidShamsee.

 

David Klebanov, CCIE No.13791 (Routing and Switching), is leading Technical Marketing organization at Viptela, the Software Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) company. David has more than 15 years of diverse industry experience architecting and deploying complex network environments. In his work, David sets strategic direction for industry-leading network platforms, which transform the world of wide area communications for enterprises and service providers alike. David also takes great pride in speaking at industry events, releasing publications, and working on patents. You can reach David on Twitter: @DavidKlebanov.

 

Hesham Fayed, CCIE No.9303 (Routing and Switching/Data Center), is a consulting systems engineer for data center and virtualization based in California. Hesham has been with Cisco for more than 11 years and has 19 years of experience in the computer industry, working with service providers and large enterprises. His main focus is working with customers in the western region of the United States to address their challenges by doing end-to-end data center architectures.

 

Ahmed Afrose is a solutions architect at Cisco Cloud and Networking Services (C&NS) Innovation and Delivery team. He is responsible for providing architectural design guidance and leading complex multitech service deliveries. Furthermore, he is involved in demonstrating the Cisco value propositions in data center analytics, application automation, software-defined data centers, and Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS). Ahmed has a bachelor’s degree in information systems. He started his career with Sun Microsystem—based technologies and has 17 years of diverse experience in the industry. He’s been working for Cisco Systems for 7+ years and was directly responsible for establishing Cisco UCS Advanced Services delivery capabilities while evangelizing the product in the EMEA region. You can reach Ahmed on Twitter: @ahmedafrose.

 

Ozden Karakok, CCIE No. 6331, is a technical leader from the data center products and technologies team in the Technical Assistant Center (TAC). She has been with Cisco Systems for 17 years and specializes in storage area and data center networks. Prior to joining Cisco, Ozden spent five years working for a number of Cisco’s large customers in various telecommunication roles. She is a Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert in routing and switching, SNA/IP, and storage. A frequent speaker at Cisco and data center events, she serves as a member of the patent committee at Cisco Services. Ozden holds a degree in computer engineering from Istanbul Bogazici University. Currently, she is focused on Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) and software-defined storage (SDS). You can reach Ozden on Twitter: @okarakok.

Table of Contents

     Introduction xxxii

     Getting Started 3

     A Brief Perspective on the CCNA Data Center Certification Exam 3

     Suggestions for How to Approach Your Study with This Book 3

         This Book Is Compiled from 17 Short Read-and-Review Sessions 4

         Practice, Practice, Practice—Did I Mention: Practice? 4

         In Each Part of the Book You Will Hit a New Milestone 5

         Use the Final Preparation Chapter to Refine Skills 6

         Set Goals and Track Your Progress 6

     Other Small Tasks Before Getting Started 7

 Part I Data Center Networking Technologies 9

 Chapter 1 Data Center Networking 11

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 11

     Foundation Topics 15

     Port Channel 15

         What Is Port Channel? 15

         Benefits of Using Port Channels 15

         Port Channel Compatibility Requirements 16

         Link Aggregation Control Protocol 16

         Port Channel Modes 17

         Configuring Port Channel 18

         Port Channel Load Balancing 19

         Verifying Port Channel Configuration 19

     Virtual Port Channel 20

         What Is Virtual Port Channel? 20

         Benefits of Using vPC 22

         Components of vPC 22

         vPC Data Plane Operation 24

         vPC Control Plane Operation 26

         vPC Limitations 27

         Configuration Steps of vPC 27

         Verification of vPC 29

     FabricPath 29

         Spanning Tree Protocol 29

         What Is FabricPath? 31

         Benefits of FabricPath 31

         Components of FabricPath 32

         FabricPath Frame Format 34

         FabricPath Control Plane 35

         FabricPath Data Plane 37

         Conversational Learning 38

         FabricPath Packet Flow Example 38

         Unknown Unicast Packet Flow 39

         Known Unicast Packet Flow 39

         Virtual Port Channel Plus 40

         FabricPath Interaction with Spanning Tree 41

         Configuring FabricPath 42

         Verifying FabricPath 43

     Reference List 44

     Exam Preparation Tasks 45

     Review All Key Topics 45

     Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 45

     Define Key Terms 45

 Chapter 2 Management and Monitoring of Cisco Nexus Devices 47

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 47

     Foundation Topics 50

     Operational Planes of a Nexus Switch 50

         Data Plane 50

         Store-and-Forward Switching 51

         Cut-Through Switching 51

         Nexus 5500 Data Plane Architecture 51

         Control Plane 53

         Nexus 5500 Control Plane Architecture 54

         Control Plane Policing 55

         Control Plane Analyzer 57

         Management Plane 58

     Nexus Management and Monitoring Features 59

         Out-of-Band Management 59

         Console Port 60

         Connectivity Management Processor 61

         Management Port (mgmt0) 61

         In-Band Management 62

         Simple Network Management Protocol 62

         SNMP Notifications 63

         SNMPv3 63

         Remote Monitoring 64

         RMON Alarms 64

         RMON Events 65

         Syslog 65

         Embedded Event Manager 66

         Event Statements 66

         Action Statements 66

         Policies 66

         Generic Online Diagnostics 67

         Smart Call Home 68

         NX-API 68

     Role-Based Access Control 70

         User Roles 71

         Rules 71

         User Role Policies 72

         RBAC Characteristics and Guidelines 72

         Privilege Levels 72

     Reference List 73

     Exam Preparation Tasks 74

     Review All Key Topics 74

     Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 74

     Define Key Terms 74

 Chapter 3 Unified Fabric Overview 77

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 77

     Foundation Topics 80

     Challenges of Today’s Data Center Networks 80

     Cisco Unified Fabric Principles 82

         Convergence of Network and Storage 82

         Scalability and Growth 88

         Security and Intelligence 93

     Inter-Data Center Unified Fabric 97

         Fibre Channel over IP 98

         Overlay Transport Virtualization 100

         Locator ID Separation Protocol 104

     Reference List 106

     Exam Preparation Tasks 107

     Review All Key Topics 107

     Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 107

     Define Key Terms 107

 Part I Review 108

 Part II Network Virtualization 113

 Chapter 4 Cisco Nexus 1000V and Virtual Switching 115

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 116

     Foundation Topics 119

     Evolution of Virtual Switching 119

         Before Server Virtualization 119

         Server Virtualization with Static VMware vSwitch 121

         Virtual Network Components 122

         Virtual Access Layer 123

         Standard VMware vSwitch Overview 124

         Standard VMware vSwitch Operations 125

         Standard VMware vSwitch Configuration 127

         VMware vDS Overview 128

         VMware vDS Configuration 129

         VMware vDS Enhancements 131

         VMware vSwitch and vDS 131

     Cisco Nexus 1000V Virtual Networking Solution 132

         Cisco Nexus 1000V System Overview 134

         Cisco Nexus 1000V Salient Features and Benefits 134

         Cisco Nexus 1000V Series Virtual Switch Architecture 137

         Cisco Nexus 1000V Virtual Supervisory Module 137

         Cisco Nexus 1000V Virtual Ethernet Module 138

         Cisco Nexus 1000V Component Communication 140

         Cisco Nexus 1000V Management Communication 140

         Cisco Nexus 1000V Port Profiles 141

         Types of Port Profiles in Cisco Nexus 1000V 142

         Cisco Nexus 1000V Administrator View and Roles 142

     Cisco Nexus 1000V Verifying Initial Configuration 144

         Cisco Nexus 1000V VSM Installation Methods 144

         Initial VSM Configuration Verification 145

         Verifying VMware vCenter Connectivity 145

         Verifying Nexus 1000V Module Status 147

         Cisco Nexus 1000V VEM Installation Methods 148

         Initial VEM Status on ESX or ESXi Host 148

         Verifying VSM Connectivity from vCenter Server 148

         Verifying VEM Agent Running 148

         Verifying VEM Uplink Interface Status 149

         Verifying VEM Parameters with VSM Configuration 150

         Validating VM Port Groups and Port Profiles 150

         Verifying Port Profile and Groups 152

         Key New Technologies Integrated with Cisco Nexus 1000V 153

         What Is the Difference Between VN-Link and VN-Tag? 153

         What Is VXLAN? 153

         What Is vPath Technology? 154

         What Is Cisco Application Virtual Switch (AVS)? 154

     Reference List 155

     Exam Preparation Tasks 156

     Review All Key Topics 156

     Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 156

     Define Key Terms 157

 Chapter 5 Data Center Overlay Networks 159

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 159

     Foundation Topics 162

     Overlay Transport Virtualization 162

         Introduction to Overlay Transport Virtualization 162

         OTV Terminology 164

         OTV Control Plane 166

         Multicast-Enabled Transport Infrastructure 166

         Unicast-Enabled Transport Infrastructure 167

         Data Plane for Unicast Traffic 168

         Data Plane for Multicast Traffic 170

         Failure Isolation 172

         STP Isolation 172

         Unknown Unicast Handling 172

         ARP Optimization 173

         OTV Multihoming 173

         First Hop Redundancy Protocol Isolation 174

         OTV Configuration Example with Multicast Transport 174

         OTV Configuration Example with Unicast Transport 177

     Virtual Extensible LAN 179

         VXLAN Terminology 180

         VTEP 180

         VNID 181

         VXLAN Gateway Types 181

         VXLAN Bridging 181

         VXLAN Routing 181

         VXLAN Packet Forwarding 183

         VXLAN VTEP Discovery and Address Learning 183

         VXLAN Data Plane Learning 184

         VXLAN Unicast-Only Mode 184

         VXLAN Using Control Plane Protocol 184

     Network Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation 184

     Reference List 185

     Exam Preparation Tasks 186

     Review All Key Topics 186

     Define Key Terms 186

 Chapter 6 Virtualizing Cisco Network Devices 189

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 189

     Foundation Topics 192

     Describing VDCs on the Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switch 192

         VDC Deployment Scenarios 194

         Horizontal Consolidation Scenarios 194

         Vertical Consolidation Scenarios 195

         VDCs for Service Insertion 196

         Understanding Different Types of VDCs 196

         Interface Allocation 198

         VDC CPU Shares and Hardware Resources 199

         VDC Administration 199

         VDC Requirements 200

         Verifying VDCs on the Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switch 201

         Describing Layer 3 Virtualization Within VDCs 204

         Describe the Benefits and Perform Simple Troubleshooting of VDC STP 207

         Verifying STP Operation 209

     Describing Network Interface Virtualization 210

         Cisco Nexus 2000 FEX Terminology 210

         Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extender Connectivity 211

         VN-Tag Overview 212

         Cisco Nexus 2000 FEX Packet Flow 213

         Cisco Nexus 2000 FEX Port Connectivity 214

         Cisco Nexus 2000 FEX Configuration on the Nexus 7000 Series 216

         Cisco Adapter FEX Technology 219

     Reference List 221

     Exam Preparation Tasks 222

     Review All Key Topics 222

     Define Key Terms 222

 Part II Review 224

 Part III Cisco Unified Computing 229

 Chapter 7 Cisco UCS Architecture 231

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 232

     Foundation Topics 235

     Evolution of Server Computing in a Nutshell 235

         What Is a Socket? 236

         What Is a Core? 236

         What Is Hyperthreading? 237

         Understanding Server Processor Numbering 237

     Value of Cisco UCS in the Data Center 238

         One Unified System 239

         Unified Fabric 240

         Unified Management and Operations 240

         Cisco UCS Stateless Computing 241

         Intelligent Automation, Cloud-Ready Infrastructure 242

     Describing the Cisco UCS Product Family 243

         Cisco UCS Computer Hardware Naming 243

         Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnects 244

         What Is a Unified Port? 247

         What Are QSA Modules and Breakout Cables? 247

         Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect—Expansion Modules 247

         Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Server Chassis 248

         Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Server Chassis—Power Supply and Redundancy Modes 248

         Cisco UCS M4308 Chassis 249

         Cisco UCS I/O Modules (FEX) 250

         Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers 251

         Cisco UCS B-Series Best Practices for Populating DRAM 253

         Cisco Adapters (Mezzanine Cards) for UCS B-Series Blade Servers 254

         Cisco Converged Network Adapters (CNA) 254

         Cisco Virtual Interface Cards 255

         Cisco UCS VIC 1340/1380 256

         Cisco UCS Port Expander 257

         What Is Cisco Adapter FEX? 257

         What Is Cisco Virtual Machine-Fabric Extender? 257

         Cisco UCS Storage Accelerator Adapters 258

         Cisco UCS C-Series Rackmount Servers 258

         Cisco UCS C-Series Dense Storage Rack Server 261

         Cisco UCS C-Series Best Practices for Populating DRAM 261

         Cisco Adapters for UCS C-Series Rackmount Servers 262

         Cisco UCS C-Series RAID Adapter Options 262

         Cisco UCS C-Series Virtual Interface Cards and OEM CAN Adapters 265

         Cisco UCS VIC 1387 mLOM 266

         What Is SR-IOV (Single Root-IO Virtualization)? 266

         Cisco UCS C-Series Network Interface Card 267

         Cisco UCS C-Series Host Bus Adapter 268

         What Is N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV)? 269

         Cisco UCS Storage Accelerator Adapters 270

         Cisco UCS E-Series Servers 271

         Cisco UCS Mini 272

         Cisco UCS M-Series Servers 272

     Cisco UCS Software 274

         Cisco UCS Manager 274

         Cisco UCS Central 274

         Cisco UCS StorMagic SvSAN 274

         Cisco UCS Director 274

         Cisco IMC Supervisor 275

         System Menu 276

         Policies Menu 276

         Administration Menu 276

         Cisco UCS Platform Emulator 277

         Cisco goUCS Automation Tool 277

     Cisco UCS Connectivity Architecture 277

         Cisco UCS 5108 Chassis to Fabric Interconnect Physical Connectivity 277

         Cisco UCS C-Series Rackmount Server Physical Connectivity 278

         Cisco UCS 6200 Fabric Interconnect to LAN, SAN Connectivity 280

         Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect Switching Modes 281

         Ethernet Switching Mode 281

         Fibre Channel Switching Mode 282

         Cisco UCS I/O Module and Fabric Interconnect Connectivity 283

         Cisco UCS I/O Module Architecture 285

         Fabric and Adapter Port Channel Architecture 287

     Cisco Integrated Management Controller Architecture 287

     Reference List 289

     Exam Preparation Tasks 290

     Review All Key Topics 290

     Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 292

     Define Key Terms 292

 Chapter 8 Cisco UCS Manager 295

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 296

     Foundation Topics 299

     Cabling a Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect HA Cluster 299

         Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect HA Architecture 299

         Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect Cluster Connectivity 300

         Initial Setup Script for Primary Fabric Interconnect 302

         Initial Setup Script for Subordinate Secondary Fabric Interconnect 303

         Verify Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect Cluster Setup 303

         Changing Cluster Addressing via Command-Line Interface 305

         Command Modes 305

         Changing Cluster IP Addresses via Command-Line Interface 306

         Changing Static IP Addresses via Command-Line Interface 306

     Cisco UCS Manager Operations 307

         Cisco UCS Manager Functions 307

         Cisco UCS Manager GUI Layout 310

         Cisco UCS Manager: Navigation Pane—Tabs 313

         Equipment Tab 313

         Servers Tab 314

         LAN Tab 314

         SAN Tab 315

         VM Tab 315

         Admin Tab 317

         Storage Tab 317

         Basic Port Roles in the Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnects 318

         Cisco UCS Manager Hardware Discovery 319

         Verifying Device Discovery in Cisco UCS Manager 321

     Reference List 323

     Exam Preparation Tasks 324

     Review All Key Topics 324

     Define Key Terms 325

 Chapter 9 Cisco Unified Computing System Pools, Policies, Templates, and Service Profiles 327

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 327

     Foundation Topics 331

     Cisco UCS Service Profiles 331

         Cisco UCS Hardware Abstraction and Stateless Computing 331

         Contents of a Cisco UCS Service Profile 333

         Other Benefits of Cisco UCS Service Profiles 335

         Ease of Incremental Deployments 335

         Plan and Preconfigure Cisco UCS Solutions 335

         Ease of Server Replacement 336

         Right-Sized Server Deployments 336

     Cisco UCS Templates 336

         Organizational Awareness with Service Profile Templates 337

         Cisco UCS Service Profile Templates 338

         Cisco UCS vNIC Templates 339

         Cisco UCS vHBA Templates 339

     Cisco UCS Logical Resource Pools 340

         UUID Identity Pools 341

         MAC Address Identity Pools 342

         WWN Address Identity Pools 343

         WWNN Pools 343

         WWPN Pools 344

     Cisco UCS Physical Resource Pools 345

         Server Pools 345

         Cisco UCS Server Qualification and Pool Policies 345

         Server Auto-Configuration Policies 346

     Creation of Policies for Cisco UCS Service Profiles and Service Profile Templates 347

         Frequently Used Policies Explained 347

         Equipment Tab—Global Policies 347

         BIOS Policy 348

         Boot Policy 348

         Local Disk Configuration Policy 349

         Maintenance Policy 350

         Scrub Policy 351

         Host Firmware Packages 351

         Adapter Policy 352

     Cisco UCS Chassis and Blade Power Capping 353

         What Is Power Capping? 353

         Cisco UCS Power Capping Strategies 353

     Utilizing Cisco UCS Service Profile Templates 355

         Creating Cisco UCS Service Profile Templates 355

         Modifying a Cisco UCS Service Profile Template 356

         Utilizing Cisco UCS Service Profile Templates for Different Workloads 357

         Creating Service Profiles from Templates 357

     Reference List 359

     Exam Preparation Tasks 360

     Review All Key Topics 360

     Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 361

     Define Key Terms 361

 Chapter 10 Administration, Management, and Monitoring of Cisco UCS 363

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 363

     Foundation Topics 367

     Cisco UCS Administration 367

         Organization and Locales 367

         Role-Based Access Control 369

         Authentication Methods 370

         LDAP Providers 370

         LDAP Provider Groups 370

         Domain, Realm, and Default Authentication Settings 371

         Communication Management 372

         UCS Firmware, Backup, and License Management 373

         Firmware Terminology 373

         Firmware Definitions 374

         Firmware Update Guidelines 375

         Host Firmware Packages 375

         Cross-Version Firmware Support 376

         Firmware Auto Install 376

         UCS Backups 377

         Backup Automation 378

         License Management 379

     Cisco UCS Management 380

         Operational Planes 380

         In-Band Versus Out-of-Band Management 381

         Remote Accessibility 382

         Direct KVM Access 382

         Advanced UCS Management 383

         Cisco UCS Manager XML API 383

         goUCS Automation Toolkit 384

         Using the Python SDK 386

         Multi-UCS Management 387

     Cisco UCS Monitoring 387

         Cisco UCS System Logs 388

         Fault, Event, and Audit Logs (Syslogs) 388

         System Event Logs 391

         UCS SNMP 391

         Fault Suppression 393

         Collection and Threshold Policies 394

         Call Home and Smart Call Home 396

     Reference List 400

     Exam Preparation Tasks 401

     Review All Key Topics 401

     Define Key Terms 401

     Chapter 11 Server Virtualization Solutions 403

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 403

     Foundation Topics 406

     Brief History of Server Virtualization 406

         Server Virtualization Components 407

         Hypervisor 407

         Virtual Machines 408

         Virtual Switching 409

         Shared Storage 410

         Management Tools 411

     Types of Server Virtualization 411

         Full Virtualization 412

         Paravirtualization 413

         Operating System Virtualization 414

     Server Virtualization Benefits and Challenges 415

         Server Virtualization Benefits 415

         Server Virtualization Challenges 416

     Reference List 421

     Exam Preparation Tasks 422

     Review All Key Topics 422

     Define Key Terms 422

 Part III Review 424

 Part IV Application Centric Infrastructure 429

 Chapter 12 ACI Architecture 431

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 432

     Foundation Topics 436

     What’s an Application Programming Interface (API)? 436

     Network Management Options 436

     Cisco Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 438

     The Policy-Based Model 445

         OpFlex 447

     Spine-Leaf Data Center Design 447

     ACI Physical Topology and Software 449

     ACI Fabric Hardware—Cisco Nexus 9000 Family 452

     Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) 456

     VXLAN Forwarding 464

     Mapping Database 467

     ACI Fabric Provisioning and Startup Discovery 468

     Reference List 470

     Exam Preparation Tasks 472

     Review All Key Topics 472

     Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 473

     Define Key Terms 473

 Chapter 13 ACI Logical Model and Policy Framework 475

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 475

     Foundation Topics 479

     Abstraction 479

     ACI Policy Object Model 480

     Different Models 487

     ACI Logical Constructs 488

         Bridge Domains and Subnets 492

         In-Band and Out-of-Band Management Networks 493

         Endpoint Groups 497

         Policy Enforcement 502

         Multicast Policy Enforcement 504

         Microsegmentation 505

         Intra-EPG Endpoint Isolation 505

         Application Profiles 506

         Contracts 506

         Labels, Filters, and Subjects 508

     Reference List 509

     Exam Preparation Tasks 511

     Review All Key Topics 511

     Define Key Terms 512

 Chapter 14 Operating ACI 515

     “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 515

     Foundation Topics 518

     ACI and Three-Tier Application Model 518