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Introduction: Bioethics, Schiavo, and Cultural Politics Bioethics Ethics | |
Normative Ethics | |
Metaethics | |
Making Sense of Moral Conflict | |
Issues | |
Adversaries | |
About this Book Cases and Controversies | |
Reproductive Flashpoints | |
Refusal Legislation | |
Canada's Terri Sciavo | |
References | |
Sacred and Secular Foundations | |
Introduction: Two Enduring Traditions | |
Medieval Religion and Enlightenment Science Welcome to "Technopia" the Medieval Church Augustine and Aquinas the Authority of the Bible | |
The Biblical Account of Creation | |
Human Nature | |
The Relationship and the Covenant | |
The Problem of Evil | |
The Augustinian Theodicy | |
The Doctrines of the Fall and Depravity Moral Failure and Illness | |
Bi-level Conception of Sin | |
Medicine and the Supernatural | |
Illness as Salvific | |
Role of Government and Law | |
Enlightenment Science | |
Scientific Method | |
Rene Descartes | |
The Emergent Scientific Medicine | |
Mechanism | |
Implications For Religion | |
Deism | |
Anthropic Mechanism | |
Personhood as Consciousness | |
The Problem of Evil | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
What Doctors Think about Religion and Health | |
Faith Flags: Office Proselytizing | |
Criticism of Science and Its Method | |
The Life and Death of Jane Tomlinson | |
References | |
Religious and Secular Ethics | |
Divine Command Theory | |
Scriptural Basis | |
Natural Law | |
The Doctrine of Double Effect | |
Secular Natural Law | |
John Locke | |
Legal and Moral Rights | |
Social Contract Theory | |
Kant's Thought and Ethics | |
Philosophy's "Copernican Revolution." God, Morality, and the Problem of Evil | |
Moral Choice | |
The Categorical Imperative | |
Social Interests | |
Moral Rights | |
Utilitarianism | |
Utility Principle | |
Moral Rights and The Harm Principle | |
Social Interests | |
Preference Satisfaction | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Jodie and Mary Twin Tragedy | |
Life vs. Law | |
Crossing the Border To Sell Blood | |
Is Vaccinating Part of the Social Contract | |
References | |
Origins and Context of Bioethics | |
Introduction: TRIUMPH OF SECULARISM | |
The Birth of Bioethics | |
The Emergent Patient Consciousness | |
The New Frontier of Medicine | |
Advances in Reproductive Technologies | |
New Technology and Treatments | |
Scientific Research | |
Court Decisions | |
Law at the Beginning of Life | |
Law at the End of Life | |
The Pioneers | |
The Theologians | |
The Philosophers | |
Points of Difference | |
Common Ground | |
Utility and Autonomy | |
Faith in Rationality | |
A National Religious Identity | |
The "Jeffersonian Compromise." | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Tuskegee Study | |
The Death of Karen Ann Quinlan | |
Surrogate Mother Elizabeth Kane | |
References | |
The Basic Principles of Bioethics | |
Hippocratic Paternalism | |
The Belmont Principles | |
Autonomy | |
Religious and Secular Appeal | |
Implied Moral Requirements: Freedom and Protection | |
Moral Limits | |
Nonmaleficence | |
Beneficence | |
Justice | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Drugs, Devices, and Disclosure | |
Medical Workers Involved in C.I.A. Interrogations | |
The Steven Jobs Liver Transplant | |
References | |
Applications | |
A Patient's Bill of Rights | |
Truthtelling | |
Informed Consent | |
Deliberation | |
Voluntariness | |
Kinds of Informed Consent | |
Participation in Medical Research | |
Advance Directives | |
Privacy and Confidentiality | |
DNA: The Genetic Fingerprint | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Merenstein Case of Informed Consent | |
Jaffee v. Redmond (1996): Safeguarding Patient Communication | |
Jesse Gelsinger: The First Gene Therapy Death | |
References | |
Beyond Principilism I: Patient Autonomy under Attack | |
Feeling Betrayed by Principilism | |
Autonomy as Impoverishing Bioethics | |
Autonomy as Disallowing Conscientious Objection | |
Autonomy as Overriding Professional Judgment | |
Suggested Off-Setting Principles | |
The Ecological Principle | |
The Vital Institution Principle | |
The Theonomy Principle | |
The Participated Theonomy Principle | |
Cases and Controversies | |
When Plan B Doesn't Work | |
Guarded about Gardasil | |
Benitez v. North Coast Women's Care Medical Group | |
References | |
Beyond Principilism II: Alternative Perspectives | |
Theory of Virtue | |
Feminist Ethics of Care | |
Justice | |
Care | |
The Emergence of Feminist Bioethics | |
Existential and Spiritual Dimensions of Illness | |
Narratives | |
Narrative Theology and Ethics | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Forever Small: The Ashley | |
Treatment: Dax Cowart: Burn Victim Wants To Die | |
Gatekeepers Without Empathy | |
References | |
Issues at the Beginning of Life | |
Introduction: Headlines in Reproductive Medicine | |
References | |
Conceptual Issues in Abortion and Reproductive Technology | |
Banning Abortion in South Dakota | |
Developmental Sequence of Human Life | |
First Trimester | |
Second Trimester | |
Third Trimester | |
The Ontological Status of the Unborn | |
The Meaning of Human Life | |
The Meaning of Personhood | |
When the Ontological Status is Attained | |
Hominization and Ensoulment | |
The Moral Status of the Unborn | |
Religious Views | |
Secular Views | |
Scientific Views about when Life Begins | |
Genetic | |
Embryological | |
Neurological | |
Additional Views | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Language of Embryology | |
Is Commander Data a Person | |
Fetal Life and Personhood | |
References | |
The Abortion Debate I: The Lead-up to Roe | |
The Murder of Dr. George Tiller | |
A Brief History | |
Life Matters Most: The Conservative Religious View | |
Religious Natural Law and The Principle of Double Effect | |
Scriptural Teachings | |
The Mobilization of Pro-Choice Consciousness | |
Philosophical Analyses of Abortion | |
Religious Social Teaching and Activism | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Sherri Finkbine and the Thalidomide Tragedy | |
Griswold v Connecticut (1965) | |
The Pre-Roe "Bad Old Days." | |
References | |
The Abortion Debate II: Roe and Beyond | |
Choice Matters Most: The Roe Decision | |
The Religious Liberty Principle | |
Privacy | |
Roe and Cultural Conflict | |
Current Religious Sentiment | |
Choice Under Attack | |
The "Culture of Life." The Creation of the "Fetal Citizen." | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Gonzales v. Carhart (2007) | |
The South Dakota Script | |
Redefining Pregnancy | |
References | |
The Assisted Reproduction Debate I: Principled Considerations | |
Test Tube Babies | |
Assisted Reproductive Technology | |
Surrogacy | |
Ethical Debates | |
Rights | |
Procreative Liberty | |
Life | |
Respect for Human Life | |
Unity of Marriage, Sex, and Reproduction | |
Religious Views | |
Secular Views | |
Gender Liberation and Self-Determination | |
CAses and Controversies | |
Dahl v. Angle: Who "Owns" Frozen Embryos | |
What To Do with Frozen Embryos | |
Love, Sex, and Marriage | |
References | |
The Assisted Reproduction Debate II: Empirical Considerations | |
The Commerce of Reproduction | |
Questions of Lineage | |
Religious Considerations | |
Legal Considerations | |
The Meaning of Family and the Well-Being of Offspring | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Baby M: First Surrogacy | |
Jacob v. Shultz-Jacob: Three Adults with Parental Rights | |
Wanted: A Few Good Sperm for Choice Mothers | |
References | |
The Prenatal Testing Debate I: Embryo Screening | |
The Boy in the Plastic Bubble | |
Medical Uses of Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis | |
Having Healthy Children | |
Creating Compatible Donors | |
Generating Embryonic Stem Cells | |
The Ethical Debate | |
Embryo Creation and Destruction | |
Trait Selection | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act | |
The Genetic Matchmaker | |
Growing a Baby with a Disorder | |
References | |
The Pre-Natal Testing Debate II: Sex Selection | |
Proper Use of Technology | |
Pre- vs Post-Conception Technology | |
Sexism | |
Sex Ratios in Local Populations | |
Commodification of Reproduction | |
Consumer Eugenics | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Genetic Risks: To Disclose or Not To Disclose | |
Made-to-order Babies | |
Slouching Toward Gattaca | |
References | |
The Stem Cell Debate I: Background and Terminology | |
Loosening the Stem Cell Binds | |
Embryonic and Non-Embryonic Stem Cells | |
Differentiation | |
Lines | |
Obtaining Stem Cells | |
Preimplantation or Spare Embryos | |
Created Embryos | |
Cloning | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Pernkopf Anatomy | |
Irreconcilable Differences | |
The Missyplicity Project | |
The Stem Cell Debate II: The Ethics of the Science | |
Personal Ethics | |
Research Ethics | |
Destruction of the Early Embryo | |
Spare vs. Created Embryos | |
Alternatives to Embryo Destruction | |
Social Ethics | |
Disruption of Traditional Understanding | |
Threats to Social Justice | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Cloning and Cultural Conflict | |
NIH ESC Guidelines | |
Frozen Embryos: The Personal Decision Behind the Public Controversy | |
References | |
Issues at the End of Life | |
Introduction: JACK'S BACK | |
References | |
Definition and Criteria of Death | |
DCD and the Death of Ruben Navarro | |
Traditional Heart-Lung Definition | |
Whole-Brain Definition | |
Challenges to the Whole-Brain Formulation | |
The Biological vs. Psycho-Social Debate: Organisms vs. Persons | |
Death of an Organism: A Biological Perspective | |
Death of the Person: A Psychosocial Perspective | |
Lingering Questions about Brain Death | |
Definition or Permission | |
Help or Harm | |
Event or Process | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Terry Wallis: The Man Who Woke Up After Nineteen Years | |
Baby Theresa | |
In the conservatorship of Wendland | |
References | |
Conceptual Issues in Suicide and Euthanasia | |
The Assisted Death of Piergiorgio Welby | |
Suicide: The Problem of Definition | |
Self-Sacrificial Deaths | |
Coerced Deaths | |
Euthanasia | |
Definition: Narrow and Broad Interpretations | |
Killing vs. Allowing To Die | |
Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Decisions | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Pope John Paul II: Life-Sustaining Treatments and Vegetative State | |
The Boston Declaration on Assisted Dying | |
Barney Clark's Key | |
References | |
Suicide in the West: A Brief History | |
The Suicide of Isadore Millstone | |
Suicide as an Offense to God, Neighbor, Self: Plato and Aristotle | |
Suicide as a Rational Act: The Stoics | |
Suicide as a Sinful Act: Augustine and Aquinas | |
Suicide as a Benefit to Self and Others: Hume | |
On Suicide | |
Suicide as a Violation of Moral Responsibility: Kant | |
The Argument from Free Will | |
The Argument from Human Nature | |
The Argument from Autonomy | |
The Argument from Divine Will | |
Suicide as a Social Utility: Bentham and Mill conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The "Rational" Suicide of Carolyn Heilbrun | |
Final Exit Network | |
The Suicide of Garrett Hardin | |
References | |
The Assisted Death Debate I: Individual Morality | |
The Assisted Death of Velma Howard | |
Principles | |
Utility/Happiness | |
Respect for Persons | |
Divine Command | |
Virtue | |
Roles and Professions | |
Feminist Ethics | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Coup de Grace | |
Hurricane Katrina: Mercy Killing When Disaster Strikes | |
Does Responsible Care Include Assisted Dying | |
References | |
The Assisted Death Debate II: Social Policy and Law | |
The Final Campaign of Booth Gardner | |
Individual Rights | |
Human Rights | |
Welfare Rights | |
Equality | |
Disparate Impact | |
The General Welfare | |
State Paternalism | |
Self-Regarding vs. Other Regarding Virtues and Vices | |
The Case for Indirect Harm | |
The Case against Indirect Harm | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
Oregon's Death with Dignity Act | |
Dying and the War on Drugs | |
Baxter v. Montana | |
The "Euthanasia Underground." | |
References | |
Rationing Health Care at the End of Life | |
The Death of Barbara Wagner | |
Rationing | |
The High Cost of End-Of-Life Care | |
Arguments for Age-Based Rationing | |
Arguments Against Age-Based Rationing | |
Rationing by Medical Futility | |
Arguments for a Judgment of Futility | |
Professionalism | |
Responsible Stewardship | |
Arguments Against a Judgment of Futility | |
No Consensus about the Definition of Futility | |
Uncertain Prognoses/Mistaken Diagnoses | |
Social Contract | |
Conclusions | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Case of Helga Wanglie | |
Gilgunn-Massachusetts General Hospital | |
The Death of Toddler Emilio Gonzales | |
References | |
Conclusion Bioethics, Religion, and Liberal Democracy | |
Religious vs. Secular Bioethics | |
Liberal Democracy and its Preconditions | |
Human Beings as Capable of Self-Government | |
Separation of Theology from Politics | |
Rethinking The "Jeffersonian Compromise." | |
Unprovable First Principles | |
Double Standard | |
No Common Ground for Dialogue | |
Religon in Public Bioethics | |
Cases and Controversies | |
The Battle Over Bioethics | |
References | |
Bioethics Across Cultures | |
Introduction | |
Religion and HIV/AIDS in Africa | |
Islam's View of the Body and Suffering | |
Buddhism, Health, and Disease | |
Islamic Science | |
Spain Extends Rights to Apes | |
Bentham in Bhutan | |
Globalization of Clinical Research | |
Africa Still Waiting for "The Sanitary Revolution." | |
Cross-Cultural Care | |
Transcultural Human Rights | |
Traditional Medicine for the Hmong | |
East Asian Autonomy | |
A Japanese Woman with Aggressive Leukemia | |
A Slow Dying in Nigeria | |
Baseball's Genetic Testing in Latin America | |
Unmarried and Pregnant in Saudi Arabia | |
Egyptian Doctor's Honesty Backfires | |
Global Violence Against Women | |
Buddhist Virtue | |
Bioethics in the 21st Century | |
Buddhism, Personhood, and Abortion | |
Islamic Understanding of Fetal Development | |
Jewish Beliefs About Personhood | |
A Young Muslim Woman with a Complicated Pregnancy | |
Abortions in Kenya | |
Early Induction in Ontario | |
Abortion Around the World | |
Outrage in Brazil | |
Mexico Legislates Personhood | |
Sunni and Shiva View of Reproductive Technology | |
ARTs and Women in India | |
Wombs for Rent in India | |
Dead Men To Father Children in Israel and England | |
Biotechnology in China | |
Eugenics Around the World | |
Chinese Bias for Baby Boys | |
Clinics' Pitch to Indian?migr?s | |
Japanese Create Fatherless Mouse with Three Mothers | |
ESC Research in Iran | |
Embryonic Cell Research Worldwide | |
Human-Animal Hybrid in Britain | |
Japan's Organ Transplantation Law | |
A Cross-Cultural Perspective of Brain Death | |
"Compassionate Murder" in Canada | |
Suicide Tourists | |
Field of Tears in South Korea | |
Al-Qaida and Suicide Terrorism | |
The Groningen Protocol | |
Englaro Case Tears Italy Apart | |
World Legal Opinion on Assisted Death | |
YouTube Plea from Australia | |
QALY in the UK | |
Conclusion | |
Cross-Cultural, International Bioethics | |
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