Cengage Advantage Books: Communicating with Credibility and Confidence (with SpeechBuilder Express™ and InfoTrac)

by Lumsden, Gay; Lumsden, Donald

• ISBN13: 9780495003854
• ISBN10: 0495003859
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-06
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

In this affordable Thomson Advantage Books version of COMMUNICATING WITH CREDIBILITY AND CONFIDENCE (WITH SPEECHBUILDER EXPRESS AND INFOTRAC) you will discover the key to communicating successfully in any situation. This innovative text reveals the basic skills of oral communication and emphasizes important points with skill-building exercises and activities. Your purchase includes access to SpeechBuilder Express an online outlining tool that helps you step-by-step through the outlining process as well as access to InfoTrac College Edition's online university library of full length articles.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Part I Understanding Communication Processes
Communication Dynamics: Exploring Concepts and Principles	1	(24)
Objectives for This Chapter	2	(1)
Key Terms	2	(1)
Why Communication Affects You	3	(5)
Communicating in Contexts	4	(3)
Communicating and Your Success	7	(1)
How Communication Works	8	(10)
Communicating Is a Process	8	(2)
A Step-by-Step Model	10	(3)
A Transactional Model	13	(1)
Communicating Is Not Transferring Ideas	13	(1)
Communicating Can Be a Dilemma	14	(1)
Box: Futurecomm	15	(1)
Box: Telling Your Story	16	(2)
What Makes Communication Effective	18	(3)
Responsibility	18	(1)
Process Responsibility	18	(1)
Outcome Responsibility	19	(1)
Ethicality	20	(1)
Ethics of Process	20	(1)
Ethics of Message Content	21	(1)
Summary	21	(1)
Exercises	22	(1)
Cyberpoints	23	(2)
Your Communication: Developing Credibility and Confidence	25	(26)
Objectives for This Chapter	26	(1)
Key Terms	26	(1)
Communicating with Credibility	27	(6)
Credibility Factors	28	(1)
Competence	28	(1)
Objectivity	29	(1)
Trustworthiness	30	(1)
Coorientation	30	(1)
Dynamism	30	(1)
Box: You're Such a Charmer!	31	(1)
Credibility Influences	32	(1)
Communicating with Confidence	33	(6)
Influences on Confidence	33	(1)
Culture	33	(1)
Gender or Social Status	33	(1)
Family Norms	34	(1)
Models	34	(1)
Special People	34	(1)
Influences from You	35	(1)
Communication Apprehension	36	(1)
Box: Communication Anxiety	37	(1)
Realistic Confidence	38	(1)
Developing Communication Confidence	39	(6)
Relax Away Your Stress	39	(2)
Visualize Your Success	41	(1)
Creating Successful Images	41	(1)
Affirming Successful Interactions	42	(1)
Practice Your Skills	43	(1)
Setting Goals	43	(1)
Achieving Goals	44	(1)
Summary	45	(1)
Exercises	45	(2)
Cyberpoints	47	(2)
Form 2.1 Self-Assessment of Willingness to Communicate	49	(2)
Perception and Thought: Making Sense	51	(26)
Objectives for This Chapter	52	(1)
Key Terms	52	(1)
The Process of Perception	53	(4)
Sensing	54	(1)
Selecting	55	(1)
Shaping	56	(1)
Creating Meaning	56	(1)
Factors Affecting Perception	57	(5)
Physical and Psychological States	57	(1)
Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values	58	(1)
Culture and Gender	59	(1)
Language	60	(1)
Motivation	60	(2)
Box: Processing Messages	62	(1)
Ways to Check Perceptions	62	(1)
The Process of Critical Thinking	63	(6)
Idea Logic	64	(1)
Starting with Data	64	(1)
Understanding Reasoning	65	(1)
Inductive Reasoning	66	(1)
Deductive Reasoning	67	(1)
Combined Reasoning	68	(1)
Qualifying Conclusions	68	(1)
Box: Seeking Truth	69	(1)
The Process of Planning Messages	69	(4)
Consider Audience Perceptions	69	(1)
Adapt to Receivers	69	(1)
Choose Appropriate Language	70	(1)
Organize Ideas Clearly	71	(1)
Provide a Framework	71	(1)
Keep Their Attention	71	(1)
Consider Audience Reasoning	72	(1)
Summary	73	(1)
Exercises	74	(1)
Cyberpoints	75	(2)
Part II Creating Dialogue
Listening and Questioning: Negotiating Meanings	77	(20)
Objectives for This Chapter	78	(1)
Key Terms	78	(1)
Listening and Questioning for Your Future	79	(3)
Listening and Questioning for Academic and Career Success	80	(1)
Box: Listening Makes a Difference	81	(1)
Importance to Your Relationships	81	(1)
Listening Barriers	82	(2)
Inadequate Skills	82	(1)
Focusing Problems	83	(1)
Content Responses	83	(1)
Emotional Blocks	83	(1)
Listening and Questioning Approaches	84	(7)
Listening Actively	84	(1)
Listening and Questioning Interactively	85	(1)
Listening and Questioning Empathically	86	(1)
Box: Listening with Your Eyes	87	(2)
Listening and Questioning Collaboratively	89	(2)
Listening and Questioning Skill Development	91	(2)
Commitment	92	(1)
Preparation	92	(1)
Practice	93	(1)
Summary	93	(1)
Exercises	94	(1)
Cyberpoints	95	(1)
Form 4.1 Assessment of Listening and Questioning Skills	96	(1)
Nonverbal Communication: More Than Words Can Say	97	(22)
Objectives for This Chapter	98	(1)
Key Terms	98	(1)
Communication: More Than Words	99	(2)
Nonverbal Cues Shape Transactions	100	(1)
Nonverbal Cues Are More Believable Than Verbal Cues	100	(1)
Nonverbal Cues Are Harder to Decode Than Verbal Cues	100	(1)
Voice and Speech: Instruments of Communication	101	(2)
Using Voice and Speech	101	(1)
Box: Communicating in Black and White	102	(1)
Adapting Voice and Speech	103	(1)
Body Movements Large and Small	103	(8)
Box: The Mathematical Marriage Predictor	104	(1)
Eyes and Face	104	(1)
Posture and Gestures	105	(1)
Posture	105	(2)
Gestures	107	(1)
Space and Touch	108	(1)
Space	109	(1)
Touch	110	(1)
Personal Symbols: Subtle Influences	111	(1)
Time: A Cultural Concept	112	(1)
Settings: Structures and Environments	113	(1)
Nonverbal Development: Credibility and Confidence	114	(1)
Receiving Nonverbal Cues	114	(1)
Sending Nonverbal Cues	115	(1)
Summary	115	(1)
Exercises	116	(1)
Cyberpoints	117	(2)
Verbal Communication: Connecting with Language	119	(21)
Objectives for This Chapter	120	(1)
Key Terms	120	(1)
What Words ``Mean''	121	(5)
Words Clarify Ideas	121	(1)
Box: La Llama, El Habla/Flame, Speech	122	(1)
Words Develop and Change	122	(1)
Basic Sources of Words	123	(1)
Adaptive Sources of Words	123	(1)
Words Manipulate Feelings	124	(1)
Words to Obscure	124	(1)
Words to Redefine	125	(1)
Words to Hurt	126	(1)
How Language Maps Meaning	126	(3)
Semantics	127	(1)
Syntactics	127	(1)
Language of Social Identity	127	(2)
Language Styles Affect Meaning	129	(4)
Status and Power	129	(1)
Gender	130	(1)
Box: Sisters with a Language	131	(1)
Culture	132	(1)
How Your Language Communicates Meaning	133	(4)
Building a Vocabulary	133	(1)
Communicating with Clarity	134	(2)
Stimulating Thinking and Senses	136	(1)
Summary	137	(1)
Exercises	138	(1)
Cyberpoints	139	(1)
Part III Building Interpersonal Relationships
Relationship Climates: Creating Communication Environments	140	(21)
Objectives for This Chapter	141	(1)
Key Terms	141	(1)
Developing Supportive Communication Climates	142	(9)
Characteristics of Supportive and Defensive Climates	142	(1)
Self-Disclosure	143	(1)
Effects of Self-Disclosure	143	(3)
Personal Influences on Self-Disclosure	146	(1)
Box: Ideas to Ponder about Being Direct or Indirect . . .	147	(1)
Guidelines for Self-Disclosure	148	(1)
Assertiveness	148	(2)
Empathy and Confirmation	150	(1)
Identifying Defensive Communication Climates	151	(4)
Game Playing	151	(2)
Conflict	153	(1)
Box: Nonviolent Solutions	154	(1)
Changing Defensive Communication Climates and Ending Games	155	(3)
Approaches	155	(1)
Communication for Managing Games and Conflicts	156	(2)
Summary	158	(1)
Exercises	158	(1)
Cyberpoints	159	(2)
Personal Relationships: Growing with Another	161	(23)
Objectives for This Chapter	162	(1)
Key Terms	162	(1)
Getting to Know People	163	(6)
Attraction	163	(1)
Personal Influences	164	(1)
Conversation Building	165	(1)
Box: E-mail: Communicating More, Thinking Less?	166	(1)
Structure	166	(1)
Topics	167	(1)
Conversation Flow	168	(1)
Self-Monitoring	168	(1)
Give and Take	168	(1)
Relationships	169	(4)
Building and Bonding	170	(1)
Growing and Dissolving	171	(1)
Box: Successful Relationships	172	(1)
Being a Couple	173	(3)
Box: Marriage Vows!	174	(1)
Expectations of Intimacy	174	(1)
Loss of Trust	175	(1)
Physical Aggression	175	(1)
Being a Family	176	(1)
Family Development	177	(4)
Optimal Family Functioning	178	(1)
Dysfunctional Family Relationships	178	(1)
Box: Survey Links Drug Use, Relationship with Father	179	(2)
Summary	181	(1)
Exercises	182	(1)
Cyberpoints	182	(2)
Professional Relationships: Transacting for Success	184	(21)
Objectives for This Chapter	185	(1)
Key Terms	185	(1)
Communicating in Organizational Cultures	186	(6)
Goal Conflicts and Compliance Pressures	187	(1)
Box: Professional speech	188	(1)
Stereotypes, Bias, and Harassment	189	(1)
Communication Connections	190	(1)
Bridging Goals and Needs	190	(1)
Bridging Cultures	191	(1)
Communicating in Interviews	192	(9)
Box: How to Talk to a Bureaucrat	193	(1)
Interview Types	193	(2)
Interview Homework	195	(1)
Interview Planning	196	(1)
Arrangements	196	(1)
Strategy and Structure	197	(1)
Question Functions and Forms	197	(1)
Questions for Selection and Performance	198	(2)
Interview Confidence and Credibility	200	(1)
Summary	201	(1)
Exercises	202	(2)
Cyberpoints	204	(1)
Part IV Communicating in Groups and Teams
Groups and Teams: Communication and Leadership	205	(23)
Objectives for This Chapter	206	(1)
Key Terms	206	(1)
Groups, Teams, and Your Future	207	(3)
Members Work Together to Attain Goals	207	(1)
Organizational Goals	207	(1)
Personal Goals	208	(1)
Members Adapt Formats to Attain Goals	208	(1)
Box: Virtual Teams	209	(1)
Groups, Teams, and Superteams	210	(3)
Effective Team Characteristics	210	(1)
Unique Character	210	(2)
Working Relationships	212	(1)
Effective Team Developmental Phases	212	(1)
Leaders and Leadership	213	(6)
Shared Leadership	213	(1)
Leadership Roles	214	(1)
Group-Building Roles	214	(1)
Task Roles	215	(1)
Individual Interest/Blocking Roles	215	(1)
Principled Leadership	216	(1)
Designated Leaders	216	(1)
Effective Leader Qualities	217	(1)
Effective Leader Responsibilities	217	(1)
Box: Choosing Wise Leaders	218	(1)
Leadership Styles	219	(1)
A Group's First Steps	220	(5)
Getting to Know One Another	220	(1)
Deciding on a Leader	221	(1)
Preparing for Work	221	(1)
Box: How Culture Affects Meeting Planning	222	(1)
Commitment and Accountability	222	(1)
Meetings	222	(1)
Preparing Agendas	223	(1)
Formal and Informal Agendas	223	(1)
Formats for Agendas	223	(1)
Managing the Meeting	224	(1)
Summary	225	(1)
Exercises	225	(2)
Cyberpoints	227	(1)
Problem Analysis and Decision Making: Achieving Group and Team Goals	228	(24)
Objectives for This Chapter	229	(1)
Key Terms	229	(1)
Identifying Your Team's Goals	230	(3)
Identifying Purposes	230	(1)
Defining Goals	231	(1)
Understanding and Committing to Goals	232	(1)
Box: Gathering Information	233	(1)
Planning Your Team's Inquiry	233	(2)
Information: What, Where, and How to Get It	233	(2)
Information: How to Share and Analyze It	235	(1)
Making Team Decisions Systematically	235	(10)
Analyzing Problems	236	(1)
Problem Identification	236	(2)
Causes and Effects	238	(1)
Establishing Criteria	238	(2)
Generating Possible Solutions	240	(1)
Analysis Tools	241	(1)
Applicability	241	(1)
Practicality	242	(1)
Advantages, Disadvantages, and Risks	242	(1)
Desirability	242	(1)
Decision Modes	243	(1)
Creating Implementation Plans	244	(1)
Ensuring Open Group Process	245	(3)
How Groupthink Happens	245	(1)
What Groupthink Does	246	(1)
How to Reduce Groupthink	247	(1)
Box: Team Vigilance	248	(1)
Summary	248	(1)
Exercises	249	(1)
Cyberpoints	250	(2)
Part V Speaking to Public Audiences
Research and Development: Creating Public Speeches	252	(28)
Objectives for This Chapter	253	(1)
Key Terms	253	(2)
Determining Your Purpose and Topic	255	(5)
Clarifying Your Purpose	255	(1)
Speeches to Inform	255	(1)
Speeches to Persuade	255	(1)
Box: Speaking with Fire	256	(1)
Speeches for Special Occasions	256	(1)
Selecting a Topic	257	(2)
Stating Your Thesis	259	(1)
Researching Your Speech	260	(2)
Finding Research Information	260	(1)
Electronic Sources	260	(1)
Print Sources	261	(1)
Human Sources	261	(1)
Evaluating Research Information	262	(1)
Analyzing Your Audience	262	(3)
Audience Characteristics	262	(1)
Audience Analysis Sources	263	(2)
Organizing Your Ideas	265	(2)
Organizational Patterns	265	(1)
Organizational Process	266	(1)
Developing Supporting Material	267	(3)
Types of Supporting Material	268	(1)
Choice and Use of Supporting Material	269	(1)
Creating Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions	270	(4)
Speech Introductions	270	(1)
Objectives	270	(1)
Types of Material	271	(1)
Speech Conclusions	272	(1)
Objectives	272	(1)
Types of Material	273	(1)
Speech Transitions	273	(1)
Using Visuals to Enhance Supporting Material	274	(2)
Visual Formats	274	(1)
Box: Slide Presentation Overload	275	(1)
Guidelines for Creating Visuals	275	(1)
Summary	276	(1)
Exercises	277	(1)
Cyberpoints	278	(2)
Rehearsal and Delivery: Speaking to Audiences	280	(25)
Objectives for This Chapter	281	(1)
Key Terms	281	(1)
Selecting Your Mode of Presentation	282	(2)
Visualizing Your Success	284	(1)
Preparing and Using Notes	285	(2)
Rehearsing and Adapting Your Speech	287	(1)
``Getting Set'' for Your Speaking Opportunity	288	(2)
Managing Your Nerves	288	(1)
Adapting to Circumstances	289	(1)
Talking with Your Audience	290	(2)
Using Nonverbal Delivery	292	(8)
Eyes and Face	292	(3)
Body and Gestures	295	(1)
Box: An Accent Is No Problem!	296	(1)
Voice and Articulation	296	(1)
Using Visuals	297	(1)
Answering Questions	298	(1)
Box: Digital Presentations: Make Your Delivery Effective	299	(1)
Summary	300	(1)
Exercises	301	(2)
Cyberpoints	303	(2)
Public Presentations: Speaking to Inform	305	(21)
Objectives for This Chapter	306	(1)
Key Terms	306	(1)
Speaking to Inform	307	(2)
Occasions for Informative Speaking	307	(1)
Types of Content	308	(1)
Audience Motivations and Learning Styles	309	(1)
Methods to Aid Understanding and Memory	310	(9)
Organizational Patterns	311	(1)
Box: Dr. Samuel Betances	312	(1)
Extended Analogy or Example	312	(1)
Acronym Arrangement	313	(1)
Journalist's Formula	313	(1)
Demonstration	314	(1)
Outline Wording	315	(1)
Support for Ideas	316	(1)
Defining Ideas	316	(1)
Associating Ideas	317	(1)
Reinforcing Ideas	318	(1)
Ways to Use Participation and Feedback	319	(1)
Audience Participation	319	(1)
Feedback Opportunities	320	(1)
Your Source Credibility and Confidence	320	(1)
Summary	321	(1)
Exercises	322	(1)
Cyberpoints	322	(2)
Sample Speech to inform	324	(2)
Public Presentations: Speaking to Persuade	326	(30)
Objectives for This Chapter	327	(1)
Key Terms	327	(1)
Process of Persuasion	328	(5)
Willingness to Change	328	(1)
Beliefs	329	(1)
Attitudes	330	(1)
Attitude Scales	330	(1)
Attitude Change	330	(1)
Values	331	(1)
Box: And a Little Child Shall Lead Them	332	(1)
Behaviors	332	(1)
Audience Adaptation	333	(5)
Setting Your Goals	333	(1)
Specific Goals	334	(1)
Realistic Goals	334	(1)
Considering Diversity	335	(2)
Connecting with Motives	337	(1)
Anticipating Opposing Positions	338	(1)
Organizational Strategies	338	(4)
Deductive	338	(1)
Inductive	339	(1)
Problem-Solution	340	(1)
Motivated Sequence	341	(1)
Residues	341	(1)
Persuasive Appeals	342	(6)
Appeals Based on Logic	343	(1)
Requirements for Proof	343	(1)
Supporting Material for Proof	343	(1)
Appeals Based on Emotion	344	(1)
Premises for Arguments	344	(1)
Impact on Listeners	345	(1)
Appeals Based on Source Credibility	345	(1)
Finding Common Ground	346	(1)
Demonstrating Competence and Objectivity	346	(1)
Box: Culture and Persuasive Style	347	(1)
Communicating with Appropriate Dynamism	347	(1)
Being Ethical	348	(1)
Language Choices	348	(1)
Summary	349	(1)
Exercises	350	(2)
Cyberpoints	352	(2)
Sample Persuasive Speech Using Motivated Sequence Strategy	354	(2)
Glossary	356	(5)
Notes	361	(16)
Index	377