The Challenge of Effective Speaking (with CD-ROM and SpeechBuilder Express™/InfoTrac)

by Verderber, Rudolph F.; Verderber, Kathleen S.

• ISBN13: 9780534646974
• ISBN10: 0534646972
• Edition: 13th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-02-08
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

THE CHALLENGE OF EFFECTIVE SPEAKING is a classic in the field. Written by true teachers of public speaking who have been in the classroom for many years and who have adapted their methods to best meet the needs of their changing student body, this Thirteenth Edition stays true to what has made it a market-leading text for hundreds of thousands of students. THE CHALLENGE OF EFFECTIVE SPEAKING presents the speechmaking process in a six-step framework based on classical and contemporary theory. The straightforward writing style and effective use of examples enables students to understand and effectively perform key speechmaking activities. The six-step framework emphasizes topic selection, audience analysis and adaptation, effective research (including appropriate use of Internet resources), organization (with emphasis on outlining), language and delivery. The six action steps are introduced in generic form and then later adapted to follow principles of informative and persuasive speaking. THE CHALLENGE OF EFFECTIVE SPEAKING prepares students to take what they have learned in the classroom and apply it to their everyday lives.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiv
Part One Orientation
Introduction to Public Speaking	1	(12)
Public Speaking Is an Audience-Centered Process	2	(4)
Audience	3	(1)
Context	4	(1)
Speaker	5	(1)
Speech Planning Process	5	(1)
Speech Making Process	5	(1)
Speech Effectiveness	6	(1)
Public Speaking Skills Empower	6	(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Frederick Douglass	7	(1)
Public Speaking Challenges Us to Behave Ethically	8	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	9	(1)
The Effective Public Speaker Is Competent	10	(1)
Summary	11	(1)
Challenge Online	11	(1)
Key Terms	11	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	12	(1)
Web Resources	12	(1)
Developing Confidence through the Speech Planning Process	13	(19)
Understanding Public Speaking Apprehension	14	(4)
Signs of Speech Apprehension	15	(1)
Causes of Speech Apprehension	16	(1)
Ideal Level of Apprehension	17	(1)
Overcoming Public Speaking Apprehension	18	(3)
General Methods	18	(2)
Specific Techniques	20	(1)
Gaining Confidence through Effective Speech Planning	21	(4)
Step 1: Select a Speech Goal That Is Appropriate for the Audience and Occasion	21	(1)
Step 2: Understand Your Audience and Adapt to It	22	(1)
Step 3: Gather and Evaluate Information to Use in the Speech	23	(1)
Step 4: Organize and Develop Ideas into a Well-Structured Speech Outline	23	(1)
Step 5: Choose Visual Aids That Are Appropriate for the Audience	24	(1)
Step 6: Practice the Wording and Delivery of the Speech	24	(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Cicero	25	(2)
Preparing a Narrative/Personal Experience Speech	27	(1)
Sample Speech: The Funeral	28	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	29	(1)
Summary	29	(1)
Challenge Online	30	(1)
Key Terms	30	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	31	(1)
Web Resource	31	(1)
Effective Listening	32	(11)
Attending to the Speech	34	(1)
Understanding and Remembering Speech Information	35	(1)
Critically Analyzing a Speech	36	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	37	(1)
Evaluating Speech Effectiveness	38	(2)
Summary	40	(1)
Challenge Online	41	(1)
Key Terms	41	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	41	(1)
Web Resources	42	(1)
Part Two Principles
Determining a Speech Goal That Meets Audience Needs	43	(23)
Identifying Topics	44	(1)
Listing Subjects	44	(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Angela Perez Baraquio	45	(2)
Brainstorming for Topic Ideas	45	(2)
Analyzing the Audience	47	(7)
Types of Audience Data Needed	47	(3)
Methods for Gathering Audience Data	50	(4)
Analyzing the Setting	54	(3)
Selecting a Topic	57	(1)
Writing a Speech Goal	58	(4)
Understanding General and Specific Speech Goals	58	(1)
Phrasing a Specific Speech Goal	59	(3)
Reflect on Ethics	62	(1)
Summary	62	(1)
Challenge Online	63	(1)
Key Terms	63	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	63	(1)
Web Resources	64	(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps	64	(2)
Adapting to Audiences	66	(18)
Relevance	67	(2)
Demonstrate Timeliness	67	(1)
Demonstrate Proximity	68	(1)
Demonstrate Personal Impact	68	(1)
Information Comprehension	69	(3)
Orient Listeners	69	(1)
Define Key Terms	69	(1)
Illustrate New Concepts with Vivid Examples	70	(1)
Personalize Information	70	(1)
Compare Unknown Ideas with Familiar Ones	70	(1)
Use Multiple Methods for Developing Ideas	71	(1)
Common Ground	72	(1)
Use Personal Pronouns	72	(1)
Ask Rhetorical Questions	72	(1)
Draw from Common Experiences	73	(1)
Speaker Credibility	73	(3)
Demonstrate Knowledge and Expertise	74	(1)
Establish Trustworthiness	75	(1)
Display Personableness	75	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	76	(1)
Initial Audience Attitudes	76	(1)
Language and Cultural Differences	77	(1)
Overcome Linguistic Problems	77	(1)
Choose Culturally Sensitive Material	78	(1)
Forming a Specific Plan of Audience Adaptation	78	(3)
Summary	81	(1)
Challenge Online	81	(1)
Key Terms	81	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	82	(1)
Web Resource	82	(1)
Speech Planning Action Step	82	(2)
Researching Information for Your Speech	84	(27)
Locate and Evaluate Information Sources	85	(12)
Personal Knowledge, Experience, and Observation	85	(1)
Books, Articles, and General References	86	(4)
Internet Resources	90	(1)
Surveys	91	(1)
Interviews	91	(2)
Skimming to Determine Source Value	93	(1)
Criteria for Judging Sources	94	(3)
Identify and Select Relevant Information	97	(3)
Factual Statements	97	(2)
Expert Opinions	99	(1)
Elaborations	99	(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Marion Wright Edelman	100	(2)
Drawing Information from Multiple Cultural Perspectives	102	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	102	(1)
Recording Information	103	(3)
Preparing Note Cards	103	(2)
Citing Sources in the Speech	105	(1)
Summary	106	(1)
Challenge Online	107	(1)
Key Terms	107	(1)
Web Resources	107	(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps	108	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	108	(3)
Organizing and Outlining the Speech Body	111	(21)
Construct a Thesis Statement	112	(6)
Identify Main Points	112	(3)
Write the Thesis Statement	115	(3)
Outline the Body of the Speech	118	(9)
Outline Main Points	119	(5)
Identify and Outline Subpoints	124	(2)
List Supporting Material	126	(1)
Create Section Transitions	127	(2)
Reflect on Ethics	129	(1)
Summary	130	(1)
Challenge Online	130	(1)
Key Terms	130	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	131	(1)
Web Resource	131	(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps	131	(1)
Completing the Outline: Creating the Introduction and the Conclusion	132	(22)
Creating the Introduction	133	(7)
Goals of the Introduction	133	(2)
Types of Introductions	135	(3)
Selecting and Outlining an Introduction	138	(2)
Reflect on Ethics	140	(1)
Creating the Conclusion	141	(3)
Goals of the Conclusion	141	(1)
Types of Conclusions	141	(2)
Selecting and Outlining a Conclusion	143	(1)
Completing the Outline	144	(5)
Listing Sources	144	(3)
Writing a Title	147	(1)
Reviewing the Outline	147	(2)
Summary	149	(3)
Challenge Online	152	(1)
Key Terms	152	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	152	(1)
Web Resources	152	(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps	153	(1)
Constructing and Using Visual Aids	154	(20)
Types of Visual Aids	156	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	157	(4)
Methods for Displaying Visual Aids	161	(3)
Criteria for Choosing Visual Aids	164	(2)
Principles for Designing Effective Visual Aids	166	(3)
Guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids	169	(2)
Summary	171	(1)
Challenge Online	172	(1)
Key Terms	172	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	173	(1)
Web Resource	173	(1)
Speech Planning Action Step	173	(1)
Practicing Speech Wording	174	(16)
Language and Meaning	175	(2)
Speaking Clearly	177	(3)
Using Specific Language	177	(2)
Providing Details and Examples	179	(1)
Being Sensitive to Cultural Differences	180	(1)
Speaking Vividly and Emphatically	180	(2)
Using Vivid Language	180	(1)
Emphasizing Key Words and Ideas	181	(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Benazir Bhutto	182	(1)
Speaking Appropriately	183	(4)
Adapting Formality of Language to the Occasion	183	(1)
Limiting the Use of Jargon and Slang	184	(1)
Showing Sensitivity	185	(2)
Reflect on Ethics	187	(1)
Summary	187	(1)
Challenge Online	188	(1)
Key Terms	188	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	189	(1)
Web Resources	189	(1)
Practicing Delivery	190	(25)
Elements of Delivery	191	(5)
Voice	191	(2)
Articulation	193	(1)
Bodily Action	194	(2)
Conversational Style	196	(4)
Enthusiasm	196	(1)
Vocal Expressiveness	196	(1)
Spontaneity	197	(1)
Fluency	197	(1)
Eye Contact	198	(2)
Types of Delivery	200	(1)
Impromptu Speeches	200	(1)
Scripted Speeches	200	(1)
Extemporaneous Speeches	201	(1)
Rehearsal	201	(7)
Scheduling and Conducting Rehearsal Sessions	201	(1)
Preparing Speaking Notes	201	(2)
Using Visual Aids during the Speech	203	(1)
Rehearsing the Speech	204	(4)
General Criteria for Evaluating Speeches	208	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	209	(1)
Sample Speech: The Buckeye Tree	210	(2)
Summary	212	(1)
Challenge Online	212	(1)
Key Terms	213	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	213	(1)
Web Resource	213	(1)
Speech Planning Action Step	214	(1)
Part Three Informative and Persuasive Speaking
Informative Speaking	215	(25)
Characteristics of Effective Informative Speaking	216	(4)
Intellectual Stimulation	216	(1)
Creativity	217	(1)
Emphasis to Aid Memory	218	(2)
Methods of Informing	220	(5)
Description	221	(1)
Definition	222	(1)
Comparison and Contrast	222	(1)
Narration	223	(1)
Demonstration	223	(2)
Reflect on Ethics	225	(1)
Common Informative Frameworks	225	(2)
Process Speeches	225	(2)
Sample Process Speech: Tablature	227	(8)
Expository Speeches	230	(5)
Sample Expository Speech: Women in World War II	235	(3)
Summary	238	(1)
Challenge Online	238	(1)
Key Terms	238	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	239	(1)
Web Resource	239	(1)
Persuasive Speaking: Reasoning with Your Audience	240	(28)
Constructing a Persuasive Speech Goal	241	(3)
Adapting Your Persuasive Goals to Initial Audience Attitude	241	(3)
Phrasing Persuasive Speech Goals as Propositions	244	(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Susan B. Anthony	244	(2)
Identifying Good Reasons and Sound Evidence	246	(4)
Finding Reasons to Use as Main Points	246	(2)
Selecting Evidence to Support Reasons	248	(2)
Reflect on Ethics	250	(1)
Reasoning with Audiences	250	(8)
Essentials of Reasoning	251	(1)
Types and Tests of Arguments	252	(5)
Avoiding Fallacies of Reasoning	257	(1)
Organizational Patterns for Persuasive Speeches	258	(4)
Statement of Reasons Pattern	259	(1)
Comparative Advantages Pattern	259	(1)
Criteria Satisfaction Pattern	259	(1)
Problem Solution Pattern	260	(2)
Sample Speech to Convince: Downloading Music	262	(4)
Summary	266	(1)
Challenge Online	266	(1)
Key Terms	266	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	267	(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps	267	(1)
Persuasive Speaking: Motivating the Audience	268	(25)
Motivating Your Audience to Think: The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)	269	(2)
Increasing Audience Involvement through Emotional Appeals	271	(4)
Evoking Negative Emotions	271	(2)
Evoking Positive Emotions	273	(2)
Cueing Your Audience through Credibility: Demonstrating Goodwill	275	(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Bono	276	(2)
Motivating Your Audience to Act: The Speech to Actuate	278	(4)
Understanding How Incentives Motivate Behavior	279	(1)
Using Incentives to Meet Needs	280	(2)
The Motivated Sequence Persuasive Speech Pattern	282	(1)
Guidelines for Developing an Ethical Persuasive Speech	283	(2)
Reflect on Ethics	285	(2)
Sample Speech: Open Your Eyes	287	(4)
Summary	291	(1)
Challenge Online	292	(1)
Key Terms	292	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	292	(1)
Web Resource	292	(1)
Part Four Adapting to Other Occasions and Formats
Ceremonial Speaking: Speeches for Special Occasions	293	(12)
Welcomings	294	(1)
Expectations	294	(1)
Considerations	294	(1)
Introductions	295	(1)
Expectations	295	(1)
Considerations	295	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	296	(1)
Recognition Presentations	296	(2)
Expectations	297	(1)
Considerations	297	(1)
Acceptances	298	(1)
Expectations	298	(1)
Considerations	298	(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Daniel Inouye	299	(1)
Toasts	300	(1)
Expectations	300	(1)
Considerations	300	(1)
Tributes and Eulogies	301	(1)
Expectations	301	(1)
Considerations	301	(1)
Other Ceremonial Speeches	302	(1)
Summary	302	(1)
Challenge Online	303	(1)
Key Terms	303	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	303	(2)
Increasing the Effectiveness of Problem Solving Discussions	305	(19)
Characteristics of Effective Problem Solving Discussions	306	(4)
Developing Clearly Defined Goals to Which Members Are Committed	307	(1)
Optimum Number of Diverse Members	307	(1)
Cohesiveness	307	(1)
Rules and Norms	308	(1)
The Working Environment	308	(2)
The Problem Solving Discussion Process	310	(4)
Define the Problem	310	(1)
Analyze the Problem	311	(1)
Determine Solution Criteria	312	(1)
Identify Possible Solutions	312	(1)
Evaluate Solutions	313	(1)
Decide	313	(1)
Implement and Monitor Decisions	314	(1)
Reflect on Ethics	314	(1)
Leader Responsibilities	315	(3)
Preparing for the Meeting	315	(1)
Leading the Discussion	315	(2)
Following Up	317	(1)
Member Responsibilities	318	(1)
Preparing for the Meeting	318	(1)
Participating in the Discussion	318	(1)
Following Up	319	(1)
When the Discussion Goes Public	319	(2)
Symposium	320	(1)
Panel Discussion	320	(1)
Town Hall Meeting	320	(1)
Public Hearing	320	(1)
Summary	321	(1)
Challenge Online	322	(1)
Key Terms	322	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise	323	(1)
Web Resources	323	(1)
Notes	324	(4)
Glossary	328	(6)
Index	334