Challenging Behavior in Young Children : Understanding, Preventing, and Responding Effectively

by Kaiser, Barbara; Rasminsky, Judy Sklar

• ISBN13: 9780205493333
• ISBN10: 0205493335
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Renowned authors Barbara Kaiser and Judy Sklar Rasminsky once again help teachers to discover effective ways to address challenging behavior in the classroom! Making full use of Barbara Kaiser's 30 years of experience as a child care director and teacher, the Second Edition ofChallenging Behavior in Young Childrenprovides an in-depth look into the latest research on understanding and preventing challenging behavior and offers practical and effective strategies for responding to it, including positive behavior support and functional assessment, as mandated by IDEA. Based on the authorsrs" 40-page bookletMeeting the Challenge(1999), this new edition maintains the personal touch and real-life examples teachers have grown to rely on. It includes new chapters on relationships and inclusion as well as the latest information on risk and protective factors, culture, the brain, self-reflection, working with families, and bullying. Challenging Behavior in Young Childrenemphasizes the teacherrs"s role in the behavior of children, helping students and educators to reflect on their own values, feelings, and actions. The result is an invaluable resource for everyone involved in the education of young children.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xiii
Sue Bredekamp
Preface	xvi
Introduction	1	(8)
What Is Challenging Behavior?	9	(11)
Isn't challenging behavior sometimes appropriate for very young children?	10	(1)
Do children outgrow challenging behavior?	10	(3)
What is aggression?	13	(4)
Does culture play a role in aggressive behavior?	17	(1)
What Do You Think?	18	(1)
Suggested Reading	19	(1)
Risk Factors	20	(21)
What causes challenging behavior?	20	(1)
Biological Risk Factors	21	(11)
Genes	21	(1)
Temperament	22	(3)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	25	(1)
Complications of pregnancy and birth	26	(1)
Substance abuse during pregnancy	27	(2)
Malnutrition	29	(1)
Language and cognition disorders	29	(2)
Gender	31	(1)
Environmental Risk Factors	32	(8)
Family factors and parenting style	32	(2)
Poverty and the conditions surrounding it	34	(1)
Exposure to violence	35	(1)
Turbulent times	36	(1)
Violent media	37	(2)
Child care	39	(1)
Understanding risk	39	(1)
What Do You Think?	40	(1)
Suggested Reading	40	(1)
Protective Factors	41	(6)
Who is the resilient child?	42	(1)
What makes a resilient child bounce back?	43	(1)
How does the family contribute to resilience?	44	(1)
What is the community's role in resilience?	45	(1)
What do You Think?	46	(1)
Suggested Reading	46	(1)
Behavior and the Brain	47	(11)
How do babies' brains develop?	48	(1)
How does experience spur nerve cells to connect?	49	(1)
Is there a critical period for social or emotional behavior?	50	(1)
What does caregiving have to do with it?	50	(2)
What about neurotransmitters?	52	(2)
What role do genes play?	54	(1)
Which parts of the brain are involved in aggressive behavior?	55	(1)
What does all this mean?	56	(1)
What Do You Think?	57	(1)
Suggested Reading	57	(1)
Relationship, Relationship, Relationship	58	(21)
The caring connection	59	(1)
Understanding Yourself	59	(7)
``Who are you?'' said the caterpillar	59	(1)
What influences the way you relate to a child with challenging behavior?	60	(2)
What is self-reflection?	62	(1)
How do you reflect?	63	(1)
What do you reflect about?	64	(1)
Are there any techniques to help you reflect?	65	(1)
Understanding the Child	66	(5)
What is the role of attachment?	66	(2)
How does attachment affect behavior?	68	(2)
Is attachment culture bound?	70	(1)
Establishing a Relationship	71	(7)
How does being securely attached to a teacher protect a child?	71	(2)
How can you develop a secure attachment to a child with challenging behavior?	73	(3)
Back to the beginning	76	(2)
What Do You Think?	78	(1)
Suggested Reading	78	(1)
Understanding the Child's Family and Culture	79	(22)
Collaborating with Families	79	(3)
Getting to know you	80	(2)
Opening the Culture Door	82	(18)
What is culture?	82	(1)
What does culture have to do with identity?	83	(1)
Are cultures really so different?	84	(2)
How can you see your culture?	86	(1)
The culture of child care and school	87	(1)
What happens when children move from one culture to another?	88	(1)
How does culture influence behavior?	89	(1)
What happens when a child speaks a different language?	90	(1)
Does each culture have its own special characteristics?	91	(9)
Why all this matters	100	(1)
What Do You Think?	100	(1)
Suggested Reading	100	(1)
Preventing Challenging Behavior with the Right Physical Space and Program	101	(22)
How does prevention work?	102	(1)
We're all the same, yet we're all different	102	(2)
The Physical Space	104	(5)
Wide open spaces	105	(1)
What will go inside each area?	105	(1)
What about the people?	106	(2)
Does the level of stimulation make a difference?	108	(1)
Consider the results	108	(1)
The Program	109	(12)
Offering choices	110	(1)
Choosing materials	111	(1)
Are some activities harder for children with challenging behavior?	112	(3)
How do you get from A to B?	115	(1)
When circumstances change	116	(5)
What Do You Think?	121	(1)
Suggested Reading	122	(1)
Preventing Challenging Behavior with the Right Social Context	123	(23)
Creating the Social Context	123	(6)
What kind of social context fosters prosocial behavior and discourages aggressive behavior?	124	(1)
What is the teacher's role in the social context?	124	(2)
How can you create a cooperative and inclusive community?	126	(3)
Teaching Social Skills	129	(15)
Why are social skills important?	130	(1)
How do children learn social skills?	130	(2)
Why should we include children with challenging behaviors?	132	(1)
How do you teach social skills?	132	(2)
What skills do children need to learn?	134	(10)
What Do You Think?	144	(1)
Suggested Reading and Resources	145	(1)
Guidance and Punishment	146	(14)
What information will you need?	147	(1)
How useful is positive reinforcement?	148	(2)
Which is better: Praise or encouragement?	150	(1)
What if positive reinforcement provokes challenging behavior?	151	(2)
What about natural and logical consequences?	153	(1)
Is it good practice to use time-out?	154	(3)
What's wrong with using punishment?	157	(1)
What Do You Think?	158	(1)
Suggested Reading	159	(1)
The Wevas Strategy	160	(19)
Calibration: Zeroing in on the child's state of mind	161	(1)
The anxious state: The early warning system	161	(4)
The agitated state: Reactions intensity	165	(6)
The Aggressive state: The fire inside	171	(3)
The Assaultive state: Involving the community	174	(1)
What about using restraint?	175	(1)
The open state: A time to debrief and learn	176	(1)
Returning to the group	177	(1)
What Do You Think?	178	(1)
Suggested Reading and Resources	178	(1)
Positive Behavior Support and Functional Assessment	179	(17)
How do you figure out the function of a behavior?	180	(1)
What functions can behavior serve?	181	(1)
What about appropriate behavior?	182	(1)
Why do you need to work as a team?	182	(1)
How do you get the information you need for a functional assessment?	183	(4)
How do you develop a hypothesis?	187	(1)
How do you create a positive behavior support plan?	188	(5)
How does the plan look?	193	(1)
How do you evaluate the plan?	193	(2)
What Do You Think?	195	(1)
Suggested Reading	195	(1)
The Inclusive Classroom	196	(21)
About Inclusion	196	(5)
Why is inclusion important?	197	(1)
How does IDEA work?	197	(1)
What services does IDEA offer young children?	198	(1)
What's happening on the front lines?	199	(1)
How is a child who needs special education identified?	199	(2)
Preventing and Addressing Challenging Behavior in Children with Disabilities	201	(15)
What is the connection between disability and challenging behavior?	202	(2)
How can you organize the physical space to prevent challenging behavior?	204	(1)
How can the program and schedule prevent challenging behavior?	205	(5)
How can an inclusive social context prevent challenging behavior?	210	(4)
How can you respond effectively to challenging behavior?	214	(2)
What Do You Think?	216	(1)
Suggested Reading	216	(1)
Working with Families and Other Experts	217	(16)
How do families react to news of challenging behavior?	218	(2)
How do you feel?	220	(1)
How can colleagues help?	221	(1)
How do you arrange a meeting?	221	(3)
What should happen in a meeting with the family?	224	(3)
How do you close a meeting?	227	(1)
What if you and the family disagree?	227	(1)
How do you handle challenging behavior when the parent is present?	228	(1)
What should you say to the parents of the other children?	228	(1)
What about getting expert advice?	229	(1)
What if the child needs more help?	230	(1)
What about asking a child with challenging behavior to leave?	231	(1)
What Do You Think?	232	(1)
Suggested Reading	232	(1)
Bullying	233	(24)
What is bullying?	233	(2)
How common is bullying?	235	(1)
Who are the children who bully others?	236	(2)
Who are the targets of bullying?	238	(2)
Who are the bystanders?	240	(3)
How can you prevent bullying?	243	(4)
What helps children cope with bullying?	247	(2)
How do you respond to bullying?	249	(2)
What do you do if you don't see the bullying?	251	(2)
How can you work with the parents of children involved in bullying?	253	(3)
What Do You Think?	256	(1)
Suggested Reading and Resources	256	(1)
Appendix A. The Functional Assessment Observation Form	257	(5)
Appendix B. The Functional Assessment A--B--C Chart	262	(1)
References	263	(30)
Index	293