Chasing the Dragon Assessing China's System of Export controls for WMD-related Goods and Technologies

by Medeiros, Evan S.

• ISBN13: 9780833038050
• ISBN10: 0833038052
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-08-10
• Publisher: RAND Corporation

Summary

Examines the structure and operation of the chinese goverment's controls on exports of items that could be used in the production of weapons of mass destruction.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Figures	ix
Summary	xi
Acknowledgments	xix
Acronyms	xxi
CHAPTER ONE Introduction	1	(4)
Objective	1	(1)
Study Approach	2	(1)
Organization of This Report	3	(2)
CHAPTER TWO History of Chinese Export Controls	5	(16)
Historical Evolution of China's Export Controls	6	(3)
Reform Era Creates New Challenges	9	(4)
Transition from Administrative to Legally Based Controls on Sensitive Exports	13	(8)
CHAPTER THREE Key Organizations in China's Export Control System	21	(22)
Ministry of Commerce	21	(6)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs	27	(1)
General Administration of Customs	28	(4)
China Atomic Energy Agency	32	(2)
Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Office	34	(1)
Commission on Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense	35	(2)
General Armaments Department of the PLA	37	(1)
Ministry of Public Security/Public Security Bureau	37	(1)
Secondary Actors	38	(5)
CHAPTER FOUR Chinese Export Control Decisionmaking: Registration and Licensing Processes	43	(32)
General Overview of China's Export Control System	43	(1)
Key Policy Attributes of China's Export Control System	44	(1)
Top-Level Legal Basis for Export Controls in China	44	(2)
Broad Outline of China's System of Controls on Sensitive Goods and Technologies	46	(4)
Nuclear Export Control Licensing Process	50	(5)
Major Nuclear Export Licensing Process	55	(1)
Dual-Use Nuclear Export Licensing Process	56	(3)
Conventional Military Export Control Licensing Process	59	(5)
Dual-Use Missile Export Licensing Process	64	(4)
Chemical Weapons–Related Export Control Licensing Process	68	(1)
Tier One: CWCIO Controls	68	(6)
Tier Two: MOFCOM CW Controls	74	(1)
CHAPTER FIVE Challenges in Implementation and Enforcement of Export Controls	75	(18)
Implementation	77	(3)
Additional Measures: Watch Lists and End-Use/End-User Checks	80	(2)
Government-Industry Coordination	82	(4)
Enterprise-Level Controls	86	(1)
Implementation Weaknesses and Limitations	87	(2)
Enforcement	89	(4)
CHAPTER SIX Future Challenges for China's Export Control System	93	(4)
APPENDIX
A. Application for Registration as an Authorized Exporter of Sensitive Goods and Technology	97	(2)
B. Application for a License to Export Sensitive Goods and Technology	99	(4)
C. End-User and End-Use Certificates	103	(4)
D. End-User Certificate for Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macao	107	(2)
Bibliography	109