Chemistry

by Lemay, H. Eugene; Beall, Herbert; Robblee, Karen M.; Brower, Douglas C.

• ISBN13: 9780130543837
• ISBN10: 0130543837
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL SCHOOL GROUP

Table of Contents

Welcome to Chemistry!	xii
About the Authors	xvi
To the Student	xvii
Concept Mapping	xviii
UNIT 1 The Nature of Chemistry	xx
Math Tip CHEMedia™ Observing a Candle
Chemistry and You	2	(52)
What Is Chemistry?	3	(4)
The Scientific Method	7	(7)
Safety in the Laboratory	14	(3)
Math Tool Kit	16	(1)
Units of Measurement	17	(5)
Uncertainty in Measurement	22	(3)
Working With Numbers	25	(13)
Problem Solving	38	(16)
Energy and Matter	54	(34)
Energy	55	(6)
Temperature	61	(4)
Matter	65	(9)
Elements and Compounds	74	(3)
Mixtures	77	(11)
From School to Work	84	(2)
Unit Review	86	(2)
UNIT 2 The Structure of Matter	88	(134)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ Designing Fireworks
Atomic Structure	90	(34)
Early Models of the Atom	91	(4)
Discovering Atomic Structure	95	(8)
Modern Atomic Theory	103	(9)
Changes in the Nucleus	112	(12)
Electron Configurations	124	(34)
Radiant Energy	125	(5)
Quantum Theory	130	(5)
Another Look at the Atom	135	(6)
A New Approach to the Atom	141	(6)
Electron Configurations	147	(11)
The Periodic Table	158	(32)
Development of the Periodic Table	159	(5)
Reading the Periodic Table	164	(10)
Periodic Trends	174	(16)
Groups of Elements	190	(32)
Reactive Metals: The s-block Elements	191	(6)
Transition Metals: The d-block Elements	197	(5)
Inner Transition Metals: The f-block Elements	202	(2)
From Metals to Nonmetals: The p-block Elements	204	(9)
Hydrogen: One of a Kind	213	(9)
From School to Work	218	(2)
Unit Review	220	(2)
UNIT 3 Interactions of Matter	222	(86)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ The Writing on the Wall
Chemical Formulas and Bonding	224	(30)
Ionic Bonding	225	(11)
Covalent Bonding	236	(8)
Naming Chemical Compounds	244	(10)
Molecular Shape	254	(24)
The Shape of Small Molecules	255	(11)
Polarity	266	(12)
Chemical Reactions and Equations	278	(30)
The Nature of Chemical Reactions	279	(3)
Chemical Equations	282	(9)
Classifying Chemical Reactions	291	(17)
From School to Work	304	(2)
Unit Review	306	(2)
UNIT 4 Stoichiometry	308	(106)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ Balancing Diet and Exercise
The Mole	310	(36)
Chemical Measurements	311	(12)
Mole Conversions	323	(9)
Empirical and Molecular Formulas	332	(14)
The Mathematics of Chemical Equations	346	(34)
Stoichiometry	347	(7)
Solving Stoichiometry Problems	354	(11)
Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield	365	(15)
Heat in Chemical Reactions	380	(34)
Chemical Reactions That Involve Heat	381	(3)
Heat and Enthalpy Changes	384	(4)
Hess's Law	388	(5)
Calorimetry	393	(8)
What Is Heat?	401	(13)
From School to Work	410	(2)
Unit Review	412	(2)
UNIT 5 States of Matter	414	(84)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ Racing Hot-Air Balloons
Gases	416	(40)
A Model to Explain Gas Behavior	417	(7)
Measuring Gases	424	(7)
The Gas Laws	431	(10)
The Ideal Gas Law	441	(5)
How Gases Work	446	(10)
Liquids and Solids	456	(42)
Condensed States of Matter	457	(10)
Properties of Liquids	467	(4)
The Nature of Solids	471	(8)
Changes of State	479	(19)
From School to Work	494	(2)
Unit Review	496	(2)
UNIT 6 Chemical Equilibrium	498	(94)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ What's in the Water?
Solutions	500	(34)
The Nature of Solutions	501	(5)
Concentration of Solutions	506	(6)
The Formation of Solutions	512	(8)
Colligative Properties	520	(14)
Chemical Equilibrium	534	(26)
The Concept of Equilibrium	535	(6)
The Law of Chemical Equilibrium	541	(7)
Le Chatelier's Principle	548	(12)
Solubility and Precipitation	560	(32)
Solubility Equilibria	561	(10)
Precipitates	571	(9)
The Common-ion Effect	580	(12)
From School to Work	588	(2)
Unit Review	590	(2)
UNIT 7 Acids and Bases	592	(62)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ Food From the 'Hood
Acids, Bases, and Salts	594	(30)
Defining Acids and Bases	595	(10)
Determining the Strength of Acids and Bases	605	(11)
Naming and Identifying Acids and Bases	616	(8)
Reactions of Acids and Bases	624	(30)
The Self-ionization of Water and pH	625	(9)
Buffers	634	(2)
Acid-Base Titration	636	(18)
From School to Work	650	(2)
Unit Review	652	(2)
UNIT 8 Redox Chemistry	654	(64)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ Picture This
Oxidation and Reduction	656	(26)
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions	657	(9)
Types of Redox Reactions	666	(4)
Applications of Redox Reactions	670	(4)
Balancing Redox Equations	674	(8)
Electrochemistry	682	(36)
Electrochemical Cells	683	(3)
Voltaic Cells	686	(11)
Common Batteries	697	(8)
Electrolytic Cells	705	(13)
From School to Work	714	(2)
Unit Review	716	(2)
UNIT 9 Kinetics and Thermodynamics	718	(56)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ Fighting Fire
Rates of Reaction	720	(28)
Chemical Kinetics	721	(11)
The Reaction Process	732	(6)
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates	738	(10)
Thermodynamics	748	(26)
Spontaneous Processes	749	(4)
Enthalpy	753	(3)
Entropy	756	(5)
Gibbs Free Energy	761	(13)
From School to Work	770	(2)
Unit Review	772	(2)
UNIT 10 Chemistry and Our World	774	(172)
Math Tip CHEMedia™ Ancient Cultures, Modern Chemistry
Applications of Nuclear Chemistry	776	(28)
Radioisotopes	777	(9)
Biological Effects of Radiation	786	(6)
Harnessing the Nucleus	792	(12)
Carbon and Its Compounds	804	(32)
The Element Carbon	805	(5)
Carbon Compounds	810	(3)
Hydrocarbons	813	(3)
Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons	816	(11)
Polymers	827	(9)
Classes of Organic Compounds	836	(30)
Halocarbons, Alcohols, and Ethers	837	(12)
Aldehydes and Ketones	849	(3)
Carboxylic Acids and Esters	852	(6)
Amines and Amides	858	(8)
The Chemistry of Life	866	(80)
Chemistry and Living Things	867	(4)
Carbohydrates	871	(7)
Lipids	878	(3)
Proteins	881	(7)
Nucleic Acids	888	(12)
From School to Work	896	(2)
Unit Review	898	(2)
REFERENCE SECTION
Practice Problems	900	(32)
Appendix A Laboratory Safety Rules	932	(2)
Appendix B Laboratory Balances	934	(2)
Appendix C SI and Non-SI Units in Chemistry	936	(2)
Appendix D Mathematics Refresher	938	(3)
Appendix E Important Formulas, Equations, and Constants	941	(1)
Appendix F The Chemical Elements	942	(1)
Appendix G Answers to Selected Problem Bank Questions	943	(3)
Glossary	946	(9)
Index	955	(15)
Photo Credits	970