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9780674018280

China

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780674018280

  • ISBN10:

    0674018281

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2006-04-30
  • Publisher: Belknap Pr

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Summary

John King Fairbank was the West's doyen on China, and this book is the full and final expression of his lifelong engagement with this vast ancient civilization. It remains a masterwork without parallel. The distinguished historian Merle Goldman brings the book up to date, covering reforms in the post-Mao period through the early years of the twenty-first century, including the leadership of Hu Jintao. She also provides an epilogue discussing the changes in contemporary China that will shape the nation in the years to come.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Enlarged Edition xv
Preface to the Original Edition xvii
Introduction: Approaches to Understanding China's History 1(1)
The Variety of Historical Perspectives
1(3)
Geography: The Contrast of North and South
4(10)
Humankind in Nature
14(3)
The Village: Family and Lineage
17(6)
Inner Asia and China: The Steppe and the Sown
23(4)
PART ONE Rise and Decline of the Imperial Autocracy
27(136)
Origins: The Discoveries of Archaeology
29(17)
Paleolithic China
29(2)
Neolithic China
31(2)
Excavation of Shang and Xia
33(4)
The Rise of Central Authority
37(2)
Western Zhou
39(1)
Implications of the New Archaeological Record
40(6)
The First Unification: Imperial Confucianism
46(26)
The Utility of Dynasties
46(3)
Princes and Philosophers
49(2)
The Confucian Code
51(2)
Daoism
53(1)
Unification by Qin
54(3)
Consolidation and Expansion under the Han
57(5)
Imperial Confucianism
62(2)
Correlative Cosmology
64(2)
Emperor and Scholars
66(6)
Reunification in the Buddhist Age
72(16)
Disunion
72(1)
The Buddhist Teaching
73(3)
Sui-Tang Reunification
76(3)
Buddhism and the State
79(2)
Decline of the Tang Dynasty
81(2)
Social Change: The Tang-Song Transition
83(5)
China's Greatest Age: Northern and Southern Song
88(20)
Efflorescence of Material Growth
88(5)
Education and the Examination System
93(3)
The Creation of Neo-Confucianism
96(5)
Formation of Gentry Society
101(7)
The Paradox of Song China and Inner Asia
108(20)
The Symbiosis of Wen and Wu
108(4)
The Rise of Non-Chinese Rule over China
112(7)
China in the Mongol Empire
119(7)
Interpreting the Song Era
126(2)
Government in the Ming Dynasty
128(15)
Legacies of the Hongwu Emperor
128(4)
Fiscal Problems
132(5)
China Turns Inward
137(3)
Factional Politics
140(3)
The Qing Success Story
143(20)
The Manchu Conquest
143(3)
Institutional Adaptation
146(5)
The Jesuit Interlude
151(1)
Growth of Qing Control in Inner Asia
152(2)
The Attempted Integration of Polity and Culture
154(9)
PART TWO Late Imperial China, 1600-1911
163(92)
The Paradox of Growth without Development
167(20)
The Rise in Population
167(3)
Diminishing Returns of Farm Labor
170(3)
The Subjection of Women
173(3)
Domestic Trade and Commercial Organization
176(3)
Merchant-Official Symbiosis
179(4)
Limitations of the Law
183(4)
Frontier Unrest and the Opening of China
187(19)
The Weakness of State Leadership
187(2)
The White Lotus Rebellion, 1796-1804
189(2)
Maritime China: Origins of the Overseas Chinese
191(4)
European Trading Companies and the Canton Trade
195(2)
Rebellion on the Turkestan Frontier, 1826-1835
197(1)
Opium and the Struggle for a New Order at Guangzhou, 1834-1842
198(3)
Inauguration of the Treaty Century after 1842
201(5)
Rebellion and Restoration
206(11)
The Great Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864
206(3)
Civil War
209(3)
The Qing Restoration of the 1860s
212(2)
Suppression of Other Rebellions
214(3)
Early Modernization and the Decline of Qing Power
217(18)
Self-Strengthening and Its Failure
217(4)
The Christian-Confucian Struggle
221(3)
The Reform Movement
224(6)
The Boxer Rising, 1898-1901
230(2)
Demoralization
232(3)
The Republican Revolution, 1901-1916
235(20)
A New Domestic Balance of Power
235(1)
Suppressing Rebellion by Militarization
236(2)
Elite Activism in the Public Sphere
238(2)
The Japanese Influence
240(1)
The Qing Reform Effort
241(3)
Constitutionalism and Self-Government
244(3)
Insoluble Systemic Problems
247(3)
The Revolution of 1911 and Yuan Shikai's Dictatorship
250(5)
PART THREE The Republic of China, 1912-1949
255(88)
The Quest for a Chinese Civil Society
257(22)
The Limits of Chinese Liberalism
257(3)
The Limits of Christian Reformism
260(2)
The Tardy Rise of a Political Press
262(1)
Academic Development
263(3)
The New Culture Movement
266(1)
The May Fourth Movement
267(2)
Rise of the Chinese Bourgeoisie
269(6)
Origins of the Chinese Communist Party
275(4)
The Nationalist Revolution and the Nanjing Government
279(15)
Sun Yatsen and the United Front
279(4)
The Accession to Power of Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek)
283(3)
The Nature of the Nanjing Government
286(3)
Systemic Weaknesses
289(5)
The Second Coming of the Chinese Communist Party
294(18)
Problems of Life on the Land
294(5)
Rural Reconstruction
299(2)
The Rise of Mao Zedong
301(4)
The Long March, 1934-1935
305(2)
The Role of Zhou Enlai
307(3)
The Second United Front
310(2)
China's War of Resistance, 1937-1945
312(19)
Nationalist Difficulties
312(4)
Mao's Sinification of Marxism
316(5)
Mao Zedong Though
321(2)
The Rectification Campaign of 1942-1944
323(3)
American Support of Coalition Government
326(5)
The Civil War and the Nationalists on Taiwan
331(12)
Why the Nationalists Failed
331(3)
Nationalist Attack and Communist Counterattack
334(3)
Taiwan as a Japanese Colony
337(2)
Taiwan as the Republic of China
339(4)
PART FOUR The People's Republic of China
343(114)
Establishing Control of State and Countryside
345(23)
Creating the New State, 1949-1953
345(7)
Collectivizing Agriculture
352(2)
Collective Agriculture in Practice
354(3)
Beginning Industrialization
357(2)
Education and the Intellectuals
359(6)
The Anti-Rightist Campaign, 1957-1958
365(3)
The Great Leap Forward, 1958-1960
368(15)
Background Factors
368(4)
The Disaster of 1959-1960
372(2)
Revival: Seizing Control of Industrial Labor
374(2)
Party Rectification and Education
376(2)
The Sino-Soviet Split
378(2)
The Great Leap Forward as a Social Movement
380(3)
The Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976
383(23)
Underpinnings
383(2)
Mao's Aims and Resources
385(2)
Role of the People's Liberation Army
387(2)
How the Cultural Revolution Unfolded
389(3)
The Red Guards
392(1)
The Seizure of Power
393(2)
Foreign Affairs
395(2)
Decentralization and the Third Front
397(3)
The Succession Struggle
400(1)
The Cultural Revolution in Retrospect
401(3)
Aftermath
404(2)
The Post-Mao Reform Era
406(51)
Merle Goldman
Epilogue: China at the Close of the Century 457(15)
Merle Goldman
Note on Romanization and Citation 472(1)
Suggested Reading 473
Publisher's Note 429(102)
Illustration Credits 531(4)
Author Index 535(10)
General Index 545

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