Civilization in the West: To 1715

by Kishlansky, Mark A.; Geary, Patrick; O'Brien, Patricia

• ISBN13: 9780321070845
• ISBN10: 0321070844
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Civilization in the West blends social and political history into a fascinating narrative that brings history to life. The authors tell a compelling story of Western Civilization that is enhanced by an image-based approach. Pictorial chapter openers draw students in by illustrating a dominant theme of the chapter and exploring the dramatic impression each image makes in reinforcing that theme. The presentation of geography guides students around the changing contours of the West through both standard maps and Geographic Tours of Europe. The greater number of maps and tours combine to make this text the strongest possible program for teaching historical geography (151 total maps, as compared to Chambers, the second highest, at 106). The addition of Discovering Western Civilization Online (new end-of-chapter website URLs) makes this the first Western Civilization book to date to include these resources.

Table of Contents

Maps and Geographical Tours	x
Chronologies, Genealogies, and Figures	xi
Documents	xi
Supplements	xii
Preface	xiii
The First Civilizations	1	(36)
The Idea of Civilization	2	(2)
Before Civilization	4	(4)
Paintings: A Cultural Record	5	(2)
Social Organization, Agriculture, and Religion	7	(1)
Mesopotamia: Between the Two Rivers	8	(9)
The Ramparts of Uruk	8	(3)
Tools: Technology and Writing	11	(1)
Gods and Mortals in Mesopotamia	12	(1)
Sargon and Mesopotamian Expansion	13	(2)
Hammurabi and the Old Babylonian Empire	15	(2)
The Gift of the Nile	17	(7)
Tending the Cattle of God	18	(1)
Democratization of the Afterlife	19	(2)
The Egyptian Empire	21	(2)
Religious and Royal Consolidation under Akhenaten	23	(1)
Between Two Worlds	24	(7)
The Hebrew Alternative	25	(3)
A King Like All the Nations	28	(2)
Exile	30	(1)
Nineveh and Babylon	31	(4)
Questions for Review	35	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	35	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	36
Special Feature Discovering the Pharaohs	26
Documents
The Code of Hammurabi	16	(4)
A Homesick Egyptian	20	(9)
The Kingdom of Israel	29	(8)
Early Greece, 2500-500 B. C. E.	37	(34)
Hecuba and Achilles	38	(2)
Greece in the Bronze Age to 700 B.C.E.	40	(7)
Islands of Peace	40	(2)
Cretan Society and Religion	42	(1)
Mainland of War	43	(1)
The Dark Age	44	(1)
A New Material Culture	45	(1)
The Evidence of Homer	46	(1)
Archaic Greece, 700-500 B.C.E.	47	(13)
Ethnos and Polis	49	(1)
Technology of Writing and Warfare	49	(1)
Colonists and Tyrants	50	(2)
Gender and Power	52	(1)
Gods and Mortals	52	(2)
Myth and Reason	54	(1)
Investigation and Speculation	55	(3)
Art and the Individual	58	(2)
A Tale of Three Cities	60	(7)
Wealthy Corinth	60	(2)
Government under the Tyrants	62	(1)
Martial Sparta	63	(1)
Social Control	64	(1)
Democratic Athens	65	(1)
Athenian Tyranny	66	(1)
The Coming of Persia and the End of the Archaic Age	67	(1)
Questions for Review	68	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	69	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	70
Special Feature The Agony of Athletics	56
Documents
Hector and Andromache	45	(10)
All Things Change	55	(6)
Two Faces of Tyranny	61	(10)
Classical and Hellenistic Greece, 500-100 B.C.E.	71	(37)
Alexander at Issus	72	(2)
War and Politics in the Fifth Century B.C.E.	74	(4)
The Persian Wars	74	(1)
Thermopylae and Salamis	75	(1)
The Athenian Empire	76	(2)
Private and Public Life in Athens	78	(3)
Pericles and Athens	81	(2)
The Peloponnesian War	83	(1)
Athenian Culture in the Hellenic Age	84	(6)
The Examined Life	84	(1)
Understanding the Past	85	(2)
Athenian Drama	87	(1)
The Human Image	88	(2)
From City-States to Macedonian Empire, 404-323 B.C.E.	90	(7)
Politics after the Peloponnesian War	90	(1)
Philosophy and the Polis	91	(2)
The Rise of Macedon	93	(1)
The Empire of Alexander the Great	94	(2)
Binding Together an Empire	96	(1)
The Hellenistic World	97	(9)
Urban Life and Culture	98	(1)
Women in Public Life	98	(1)
Alexandria	99	(1)
Hellenistic Literature	100	(1)
Art and Architecture	101	(1)
Hellenistic Philosophy	101	(2)
Mathematics and Science	103	(3)
Questions for Review	106	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	106	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	107
Special Feature Technology and Innovation	104
Documents
The Two Faces of Athenian Democracy	77	(9)
Socrates the Gadfly	86	(6)
Greeks and Barbarians	92	(3)
Alexander Calls a Halt	95	(13)
Early Rome and the Roman Republic, 800-31 B.C.E.	108	(33)
Eternal Rome	109	(2)
The Western Mediterranean to 509 B.C.E.	111	(6)
Merchants of Baal	111	(2)
The Gods of Carthage	113	(1)
The Western Greeks	114	(1)
Italy's First Civilization	114	(1)
An Archaic Society	115	(2)
From City to Empire, 509-146 B.C.E.	117	(13)
Latin Rome	117	(1)
Etruscan Rome	118	(2)
Rome and Italy	120	(3)
Rome and the Mediterranean	123	(7)
Republican Civilization	130	(6)
Farmers and Soldiers	130	(1)
The Roman Family	131	(1)
Social Effects of Expansion	132	(1)
Roman Religion	133	(2)
Republican Letters	135	(1)
The Crisis of Roman Virtue	136	(3)
Questions for Review	139	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	139	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	139
Special Feature Hannibal's Elephants	124
Documents
The Twelve Tables	121	(7)
Polybius Describes the Sack of New Carthage	128	(9)
Cato's Slaves	137	(4)
Imperial Rome, 146 B.C.E.-192 C.E.	141	(37)
Competitive Consumption	142	(2)
The Price of Empire, 146-192 B.C.E.	144	(4)
Winners and Losers	144	(1)
Slave Revolts	145	(1)
Provincial Revolts	145	(1)
Optimates and Populares	146	(2)
The Gracchi	148	(1)
The End of the Republic	148	(7)
The Crisis of Government	148	(1)
The Civil Wars	149	(4)
The Good Life	153	(1)
Poetry, Art, and Morality	154	(1)
The Augustan Age and the Pax Romana	155	(9)
The Empire Renewed	156	(4)
Divine Augustus	160	(1)
Poetry and Patronage	160	(1)
Augustus's Successors	161	(2)
Breaking the Peace	163	(1)
Administering the Empire	163	(1)
Religions from the East	164	(12)
The Origins of Christianity	166	(1)
Spreading the Faith	167	(2)
Christian Institutions	169	(1)
Geographical Tour A Tour of the Empire	170	(1)
The Western Provinces	170	(2)
The Eastern Provinces	172	(2)
The Culture of Antonine Rome	174	(2)
Questions for Review	176	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	176	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	177
Special Feature Living in Rome	158
Documents
The Reforms of Tiberius Gracchus	147	(3)
Cicero on Justice and Reason	150	(18)
Peter Announces the Good News	168	(10)
The Transformation of the Classical World	178	(29)
A Bride's Trousseau	179	(2)
The Crisis of the World Century	181	(6)
Enrich the Army and Scorn the Rest	181	(2)
An Empire on the Defensive	183	(1)
The Barbarian Menace	184	(1)
Roman Influence in the Barbarian World	185	(2)
The Empire Restored	187	(5)
Diocletian, the God-Emperor	187	(1)
A Militarized Society	188	(1)
Constantine, the Emperor of God	189	(1)
The Triumph of Christianity	190	(2)
Imperial Christianity	192	(8)
Divinity, Humanity, and Salvation	192	(4)
The Call of the Desert	196	(1)
Monastic Communities	196	(1)
Solitaries and Hermits	197	(3)
A Parting of the Ways	200	(5)
The Barbarization of the West	201	(2)
The New Barbarian Kingdoms	203	(2)
The Hellenization of the East	205	(1)
Questions for Review	205	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	206	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	206
Special Feature The Stainless Star of Wisdom's Discipline	198
Documents
Tacitus on the Germans	185	(6)
Religious Toleration and Persecution	191	(4)
Love in the Two Cities	195	(12)
The Classical Legacy in the East: Byzantium and Islam	207	(34)
From Temple to Mosque	208	(2)
The Byzantines	210	(10)
Justinian and the Creation of the Byzantine State	210	(3)
Emperors and Individuals	213	(3)
Families and Villages	216	(1)
A Forestaste of Heaven	217	(1)
Iconoclasm	218	(2)
The Rise of Islam	220	(12)
Arabia before the Prophet	220	(1)
Muhammad, Prophet of God	221	(2)
The Triumph of Islam	223	(1)
The Spread of Islam	224	(3)
Authority and Government in Islam	227	(1)
Umayyad and `Abbasid Calphates	228	(2)
Islamic Civilization	230	(2)
The Byzantine Apogee and Decline, 1000-1453	232	(7)
The Disintegration of the Empire	233	(3)
The Conquests of Constantinople and Baghdad	236	(3)
Questions for Review	239	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	239	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	240
Special Feature Harems and Gynaiconites	234
Documents
The Justinian Code	212	(10)
The Qur'an	222	(10)
An Arab's View of Western Medicine	232	(9)
The West in the Early Middle Ages, 500-900	241	(35)
The Chapel at the Waters	242	(2)
The Making of the Barbarian Kingdoms, 500-750	244	(9)
The Ostrogoths: From Success to Extinction	244	(2)
The Visigoths: Intolerance and Destruction	246	(1)
The Anglo-Saxons: From Pagan Conquerors to Christian Missionaries	247	(4)
The Franks: An Enduring Legacy	251	(2)
Living in the New Europe	253	(6)
Creating the European Peasantry	253	(1)
Rural Households	254	(2)
Creating the European Aristocracy	256	(1)
Aristocratic Lifestyle	257	(1)
Governing Europe	258	(1)
The Carolingian Achievement	259	(12)
Charlemagne and the Renewal of the West	260	(1)
The Carolingian Renaissance	261	(2)
Carolingian Government	263	(2)
Carolingian Art	265	(1)
Geographical Tour Europe in the Ninth Century	266	(1)
England	266	(2)
Scandinavia	268	(2)
The Slavic World	270	(1)
Muslim Spain	270	(1)
After the Carolingians: From Empire to Lordships	271	(3)
Questions for Review	274	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	274	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	275
Special Feature The Jews in the Early Middle Ages	248	(3)
Documents
Two Missionaries	251	(3)
From Slave to Queen	254	(8)
Charlemagne and the Arts	262	(14)
The High Middle Ages	276	(42)
The Royal Tombs at Fontevrault	277	(2)
The Countryside	279	(12)
The Peasantry: Serfs and Freemen	279	(3)
The Aristocracy: Fighters and Breeders	282	(1)
Aristocratic Education	283	(1)
Land and Loyalty	284	(1)
The Church: Saints and Monks	285	(4)
Crusaders: Soldiers of God	289	(1)
The Idea of the Crusade	290	(1)
Medieval Towns	291	(12)
Italian Cities	291	(4)
Northern Towns	295	(2)
The Fairs of Champagne	297	(1)
Urban Culture	298	(5)
The Invention of the State	303	(13)
The Universal States: Empire and Papacy	303	(4)
The Nation-States: France and England	307	(9)
Questions for Review	316	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	316	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	317
Special Feature The Paris of Philip Augustus	310
Documents
Visions Like a Flame	288	(9)
Word from the Fair	297	(5)
Saint Francis of Assisi on Humility and Poverty	302	(13)
The Great Charter	315	(3)
The Later Middle Ages, 1300-1500	318	(35)
Webs of Stone and Blood	319	(2)
Politics as a Family Affair	321	(9)
The Struggle for Central Europe	321	(4)
A Hundred Years of War	325	(5)
Life and Death in the Later Middle Ages	330	(9)
Dancing with Death	330	(2)
The Plague of Insurrection	332	(5)
Living and Dying in Medieval Towns	337	(1)
Poverty and Crime	338	(1)
The Spirit of the Later Middle Ages	339	(11)
The Crisis of the Papacy	339	(3)
Discerning the Spirit of God	342	(1)
Heresy and Revolt	343	(2)
William of Ockham and the Spirit of Truth	345	(1)
Vernacular Literature and the Individual	346	(2)
New Voices	348	(2)
Questions for Review	350	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	350	(2)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	352
Special Feature A Room of One's Own	334
Documents
The Black Death in Florence	333	(8)
A Letter to Babbo	341	(3)
A Woman Before the Inquisition	344	(9)
The Italian Renaissance	353	(35)
A Civic Procession	354	(2)
Renaissance Society	356	(8)
The Environment	356	(2)
Production and Consumption	358	(1)
The Experience of Life	359	(3)
The Quality of Life	362	(2)
Renaissance Art	364	(6)
An Architect, a Sculptor, and a Painter	364	(3)
Renaissance Style	367	(1)
Michelangelo	368	(2)
Renaissance Ideals	370	(5)
Humanists and the Liberal Arts	371	(2)
Machiavelli and Politics	373	(2)
The Politics of the Italian City-States	375	(11)
The Five Powers	376	(1)
Venice: A Seaborne Empire	377	(2)
Florence: Spinning Cloth into Gold	379	(2)
The End of Italian Hegemony, 1450-1527	381	(5)
Questions for Review	386	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	386	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	387
Special Feature The Fall of Constantinople	382
Documents
On the Family	361	(10)
The Renaissance Man	371	(3)
The Lion and the Fox	374	(10)
The Siege of Constantinople	384	(4)
The European Empires	388	(39)
Ptolemy's World	389	(2)
European Encounters	391	(16)
A Passage to India	391	(2)
Mundus Novus	393	(4)
The Spanish Conquests	397	(3)
The Legacy of the Encounters	400	(3)
Geographical Tour Europe in 1500	403	(1)
Eastern Boundaries	404	(1)
Central Europe	405	(1)
The West	406	(1)
The Formation of States	407	(12)
Eastern Configurations	408	(2)
The Western Powers	410	(9)
The Dynastic Struggles	419	(5)
Power and Glory	419	(1)
The Italian Wars	420	(4)
Questions for Review	424	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	424	(2)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	426
Special Feature Isabella of Castile	394	(2)
Documents
A Momentous Discovery	396	(3)
The Halls of Montezuma	399	(13)
Last Words	412	(2)
The Kingdom of France	414	(13)
The Reform of Religion	427	(38)
Sola Scriptura	428	(2)
The Intellectual Reformation	430	(5)
The Print Revolution	430	(1)
Christian Humanism	431	(1)
The Humanist Movement	432	(1)
The Wit of Erasmus	433	(2)
The Lutheran Reformation	435	(8)
The Spark of Reform	435	(2)
Martin Luther's Faith	437	(2)
Lutheranism	439	(3)
The Spread of Lutheranism	442	(1)
The Prostesstant Reformation	443	(10)
Geneva and Calvin	444	(2)
The English Reformation	446	(3)
The Reformation of the Radicals	449	(4)
The Catholic Reformation	453	(9)
The Spiritual Revival	453	(3)
Loyala's Pilgrimage	456	(2)
The Counter-Reformation	458	(2)
The Empire Strikes Back	460	(2)
Questions for Review	462	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	462	(2)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	464
Special Feature The Reformation and the War of the Common Man	450
Documents
A Dutch Wit	434	(6)
Luther on Marriage	440	(4)
The Eternal Decree	444	(11)
Heavenly Vision	455	(10)
Europe at War, 1555-1648	465	(35)
The Massacre of the Innocents	466	(2)
The Crisis of the Western States	468	(15)
The French Wars of Religion	468	(4)
One King, Two Faiths	472	(4)
The World of Philip II	476	(1)
The Burgundian Inheritance	477	(3)
The Revolt of the Netherlands	480	(3)
The Struggles in Eastern Europe	483	(6)
Kings and Diets in Poland	484	(1)
Muscovy's Time of Troubles	485	(1)
The Rise of Sweden	486	(3)
The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648	489	(8)
Bohemia Revolts	490	(1)
The War Widens	491	(4)
The Long Quest for Peace	495	(2)
Questions for Review	497	(1)
Suggestion for Further Reading	497	(2)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	499
Special Feature The Monstrous Regiment of Women	470	(3)
Documents
Catholics and Huguenots	473	(7)
Cannibals	480	(10)
War Is Hell	490	(3)
Fire and Sword	493	(7)
The Experiences of Life in Early Modern Europe, 1500-1650	500	(39)
Haymaking	501	(2)
Economic Life	503	(10)
Rural Life	503	(4)
Town Life	507	(3)
Economic Change	510	(3)
Social Life	513	(10)
Social Constructs	514	(1)
Social Structure	515	(3)
Social Change	518	(2)
Peasant Revolts	520	(3)
Private Life	523	(13)
The Family	523	(4)
Communities	527	(3)
Popular Beliefs	530	(6)
Questions for Review	536	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	536	(2)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	538
Special Feature Sex and the Married Man	532
Documents
Living by One's Wits	505	(17)
The Peasants' Revolt	522	(2)
A Feminine Perspective	524	(7)
The Devil's Due	531	(8)
The Royal State in the Seventeenth Century	539
Fit for a King	540	(2)
The Rise of the Royal State	542	(8)
Divine Kings	542	(2)
The Court and the Courtiers	544	(2)
The Drive to Centralize Government	546	(2)
The Taxing Demands of War	548	(2)
The Crises of the Royal State	550	(13)
The Need to Resist	551	(2)
The Right to Resist	553	(3)
The English Civil War	556	(2)
The English Revolutions	558	(5)
The Zenith of the Royal State	563	(11)
The Nature of Absolute Monarchy	564	(2)
Absolutism in the East	566	(4)
The Origins of French Absolutism	570	(1)
Louis le Grand	571	(3)
Questions for Review	574	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	574	(2)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	576
Special Feature ``King Charles's Head''	560
Documents
A Glimpse of a King	544	(15)
A Short, Sharp Shock	559	(6)
Fathers Know Best	565	(4)
A Close Shave	569
Credits	C-1	(1)
Index	I-1