Civilization in the West, Single Volume Edition

by Kishlansky, Mark; Geary, Patrick; O'Brien, Patricia

• ISBN13: 9780321236128
• ISBN10: 0321236122
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Civilization in the West blends social and political history into a fascinating narrative that brings history to life. The authors tell a compelling story of Western Civilization that is enhanced by an image-based approach. The Visual Record chapter openers draw students in by using illustrations that underscore a dominant theme of the chapter. The dramatic, changing contours of the West are explored through standard maps, Map Discovery features, and Geographical Tours of Europe.

Table of Contents

Documents	xxv
Maps	xxvii
Chronologies, Genealogies, and Figures	xxxi
Preface	xxxiii
About the Authors	xlvii
Introduction The Idea of Western Civilization	1	(2)
The First Civilizations	3	(32)
The Visual Record: Otzi's Last Meal: Tradition and Innovation in Prehistoric Europe	4	(2)
Before Civilization	6	(3)
The Dominance of Culture	7	(1)
Social Organization, Agriculture, and Religion	8	(1)
Mesopotamia: Between the Two Rivers	9	(1)
Map Discovery: The Ancient World	10	(7)
The Ramparts of Uruk	10	(2)
Tools: Technology and Writing	12	(1)
Gods and Mortals in Mesopotamia	13	(1)
Sargon and Mesopotamian Expansion	14	(1)
Hammurabi and the Old Babylonian Empire	15	(2)
The Gift of the Nile	17	(5)
Tending the Cattle of God	17	(2)
Democratization of the Afterlife	19	(2)
The Egyptian Empire	21	(1)
Map Discovery: The Egyptian Empire	22	(1)
Religious and Royal Consolidation Under Akhenaten	22	(1)
Between Two Worlds	23	(6)
The Hebrew Alternative	23	(4)
A King Like All the Nations	27	(1)
Exile	27	(2)
Nineveh and Babylon	29
The Assyrian Empire	30	(1)
The New Babylonian Empire	31	(1)
Persian Expansion	31
A Closer Look Discovering the Pharaohs	24	(11)
Early Greece, 2500--500 B.C.E.	35	(30)
The Visual Record: Hecuba and Achilles: The Birth of Greek Civilization	36	(2)
Greece in the Bronze Age to 800 B.C.E.	38	(1)
Islands of Peace	38	(1)
Map Discovery: Greece in the Bronze Age	39	(6)
Mainland of War	41	(1)
The Dark Age	41	(4)
Archaic Greece, 800--500 B.C.E.	45	(1)
Ethnos and Polis	45	(1)
Map Discovery: Greek Cities and Colonies of the Archaic Age	46	(9)
Technology of Writing and Warfare	46	(1)
Colonists and Tyrants	47	(1)
Gender and Power	48	(1)
Gods and Mortals	49	(3)
Myth and Reason	52	(1)
Investigation and Speculation	53	(1)
Art and the Individual	53	(2)
A Tale of Three Cities	55	(6)
Wealthy Corinth	55	(1)
Martial Sparta	56	(3)
Democratic Athens	59	(2)
The Coming of Persia and the End of the Archaic Age	61	(1)
Map Discovery: The Persian Empire, ca. 500 B.C.E.	61
A Closer Look The Agony of Athletics	50	(15)
Classical and Hellenistic Greece, 500--100 B.C.E.	65	(36)
The Visual Record: Alexander at Issus: The Spread of Greek Civilization	66	(2)
War and Politics in the Fifth Century B.C.E.	68	(8)
The Persian Wars	68	(1)
Thermopylae and Salamis	69	(2)
The Athenian Empire	71	(1)
Private and Public Life in Athens	71	(3)
Pericles and Athens	74	(1)
The Peloponnesian War	75	(1)
Map Discovery: The Delian League and the Peloponnesian War	76	(1)
Athenian Culture in the Hellenic Age	77	(5)
The Examined Life	77	(1)
Understanding the Past	78	(1)
Athenian Drama	79	(2)
Art and the Human Image	81	(1)
From City-States to Macedonian Empire, 404--323 B.C.E.	82	(5)
Politics After the Peloponnesian War	82	(2)
Philosophy and the Polis	84	(1)
The Rise of Macedon	85	(2)
Map Discovery: The Empire of Alexander the Great	87	(2)
The Empire of Alexander the Great	87	(2)
The Hellenistic World	89	(1)
Map Discovery: The Hellenistic Kingdoms	89	(7)
Urban Life and Culture	92	(1)
Women in Public Life	92	(1)
Alexandria	93	(1)
Hellenistic Literature	93	(1)
Architecture and Art	94	(1)
Hellenistic Philosophy	95	(3)
Mathematics and Science	98	(1)
Cultural Resistance	98
A Closer Look Technology and Innovation	96
The West and the Wider World Representing the Buddha: From Apollo to Christian Saint	90	(11)
Early Rome and the Roman Republic, 800--146 B.C.E.	101	(28)
The Visual Record: Eternal Rome: From Village to Empire	102	(2)
The Western Mediterranean to 509 B.C.E.	104	(2)
Merchants of Baal	104	(1)
The Western Greeks	105	(1)
Map Discovery: Greek and Phoenician Colonies and Trade	106	(3)
Italy's First Civilization	107	(2)
From City to Empire, 509--146 B.C.E.	109	(10)
Latin Rome	109	(1)
Etruscan Rome	110	(1)
Rome and Italy	111	(3)
Rome and the Mediterranean	114	(5)
Map Discovery: The Punic Wars	119	(1)
Republican Civilization	120	(5)
Farmers and Soldiers	120	(1)
The Roman Family	121	(1)
Social Effects of Expansion	121	(1)
Roman Religion	122	(2)
Republican Letters	124	(1)
The Crisis of Roman Virtue	125
A Closer Look Hannibal's Elephants	116	(13)
Imperial Rome, 146 B.C.E.--192 C.E.	129	(32)
The Visual Record: The Altar of Augustan Peace: The Making of the Roman Empire	130	(2)
The Price of Empire, 146--121 B.C.E.	132	(3)
Winners and Losers	132	(1)
Optimates and Populares	133	(2)
The End of the Republic	135	(3)
The Crisis of Government	135	(3)
Map Discovery: The Career of Julius Caesar	138	(3)
A Life Worth Leading	139	(2)
The Augustan Age and the Pax Romana	141	(6)
The Empire Renewed	141	(5)
Augustus's Successors	146	(1)
Map Discovery: The Roman Empire, 14 and 117 C.E.	147	(2)
Religions from the East	149	(4)
Jewish Resistance	149	(1)
The Origins of Christianity	150	(3)
Geographical Tour: A Tour of the Empire	153	(4)
The Western Provinces	154	(1)
The Eastern Provinces	155	(2)
The Culture of Antonine Rome	157
A Closer Look A Day in the Pax Romana	144	(17)
The Transformation of the Classical World	161	(26)
The Visual Record: A Bride's Trousseau: The Synthesis of Christianity and the Classical Tradition	162	(2)
The Crisis of the Third Century	164	(5)
Enrich the Army and Scorn the Rest	164	(1)
An Empire on the Defensive	165	(1)
The Barbarian Menace	166	(1)
Roman Influence in the Barbarian World	167	(2)
The Empire Restored	169	(1)
Diocletian, the God-Emperor	169	(1)
Map Discovery: The Empire Under Diocletian	170	(3)
Constantine, the Emperor of God	171	(1)
The Triumph of Christianity	172	(1)
Imperial Christianity	173	(1)
Map Discovery: The Spread of Christianity	174	(5)
Divinity, Humanity, and Salvation	174	(2)
The Call of the Desert	176	(1)
Monastic Communities	177	(1)
Solitaries and Hermits	178	(1)
A Parting of the Ways	179	(4)
The Barbarization of the West	179	(3)
The New Barbarian Kingdoms	182	(1)
Map Discovery: Barbarian Migrations and Invasions	183
The Hellenization of the East	184
A Closer Look The Stainless Star of Wisdom's Discipline	180	(7)
The Classical Legacy in The East: Byzantium and Islam	187	(32)
The Visual Record: From Temple to Mosque: The Continuity of Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean	188	(2)
The Byzantines	190	(3)
Justinian and the Creation of the Byzantine State	190	(2)
Emperors and Individuals	192	(1)
Map Discovery: Byzantine Empire Under Justinian	193	(6)
Families and Villages	194	(1)
A Foretaste of Heaven	195	(3)
Iconoclasm	198	(1)
The Rise of Islam	199	(6)
Arabia Before the Prophet	200	(1)
Muhammad, Prophet of God	201	(1)
The Triumph of Islam	202	(2)
The Spread of Islam	204	(1)
Map Discovery: The Spread of Islam	205	(5)
Authority and Government in Islam	206	(1)
Umayyad and 'Abbasid Caliphates	207	(1)
Islamic Civilization	208	(2)
The Byzantine Apogee and Decline, 1000--1453	210
The Disintegration of the Empire	212	(1)
The Conquests of Constantinople and Baghdad	213
The West and the Wider World Industrial Espionage in the Sixth Century	196	(23)
The West in the Early Middle Ages. 500--900	219	(34)
The Visual Record: The Chapel at the Waters: The Western Empire Reborn	220	(2)
The Making of the Barbarian Kingdoms, 500--750	222	(1)
Italy: From Ostrogoths to Lombards	222	(1)
Map Discovery: The Barbarian Kingdoms, ca. 526	223	(7)
Visigothic Spain: Intolerance and Destruction	224	(1)
The Anglo-Saxons: From Pagan Conquerors to Christian Missionaries	225	(4)
The Franks: An Enduring Legacy	229	(1)
Living in the New Europe	230	(5)
Creating the European Peasantry	231	(1)
Rural Households	231	(1)
Creating the European Aristocracy	232	(1)
Aristocratic Lifestyle	233	(1)
Governing Europe	234	(1)
The Carolingian Achievement	235	(2)
Charlemagne and the Renewal of the West	236	(1)
The Carolingian Renaissance	236	(1)
Map Discovery: Charlemagne's Empire, 814	237	(4)
Carolingian Government	238	(2)
Carolingian Art	240	(1)
Geographical Tour: Europe in the Ninth Century	241	(6)
England	241	(1)
Scandinavia	242	(3)
The Slavic World	245	(1)
Muslim Spain	245	(2)
After the Carolingians: From Empire to Lordships	247	(1)
Map Discovery: The Division of Charlemagne's Empire	247
Disintegration of the Empire	247	(1)
Emergence of France and Germany	248	(1)
Cluny	248
A Closer Look The Jews in the Early Middle Ages	226	(27)
The High Middle Ages	253	(38)
The Visual Record: From the Syrian Desert to the Welsh Marshes: A Kings and His Castles	254	(2)
The Countryside	256	(12)
The Peasantry: Serfs and Freemen	256	(2)
The Aristocracy: Warriors and Heiresses	258	(2)
The Church: Saints and Monks	260	(6)
Crusaders: Soldiers of God	266	(2)
Map Discovery: The Crusades	268	(2)
Medieval Towns	270	(2)
Italian Cities	270	(2)
Map Discovery: Medieval Trade Networks	272	(7)
Northern Towns	273	(2)
The Fairs of Champagne	275	(1)
Urban Intellectuals	275	(4)
The Invention of the State	279	(5)
The Universal States: Empire and Papacy	280	(3)
The Nation-States: France and England	283	(1)
Map Discovery: The Consolidation of France Under the Capetians	284
A Closer Look Cathedrals of Light	262	(29)
The Later Middle Ages, 1300--1500	291	(30)
The Visual Record: Webs of Stone and Blood: European Civilization at the End of the Middle Ages	292	(2)
Politics as a Family Affair	294	(1)
The Struggle for Central Europe	294	(1)
Map Discovery: Central and Eastern Europe, ca. 1378	295	(6)
A Hundred Years of War	297	(4)
Life and Death in the Later Middle Ages	301	(3)
Dancing with Death	301	(3)
The Plague of Insurrection	304	(1)
Map Discovery: Spread of the Black Death and Peasant Revolts	304	(4)
Living and Dying in Medieval Towns	306	(2)
The Spirit of the Later Middle Ages	308	(1)
The Crisis of the Papacy	308	(1)
Map Discovery: The Great Schism	309	(12)
Discerning the Spirit of God	310	(2)
Heresy and Revolt	312	(1)
Religious Persecution in Spain	313	(1)
William of Ockham and the Spirit of Truth	314	(1)
Vernacular Literature and the Individual	315	(6)
The Italian Renaissance	321	(32)
The Visual Record: A Civic Procession: Community Building in Renaissance Venice	322	(2)
Renaissance Society	324	(1)
The Urban Environment	324	(1)
Map Discovery: Largest Cities in Western Europe, ca. 1500	325	(5)
Production and Consumption	326	(1)
The Experience of Life	327	(2)
The Quality of Life	329	(1)
Renaissance Art	330	(6)
An Architect, a Sculptor, and a Painter	331	(2)
Renaissance Style	333	(1)
Michelangelo	334	(2)
Renaissance Ideals	336	(5)
Humanists and the Liberal Arts	337	(2)
Renaissance Science	339	(1)
Machiavelli and Politics	339	(2)
Map Discovery: Italy, 1494	341	(1)
The Politics of the Italian City-States	341	(7)
The Five Powers	342	(1)
Venice: A Seaborne Empire	342	(1)
Florence: Spinning Cloth into Gold	343	(2)
The End of Italian Hegemony, 1450--1527	345	(3)
A Closer Look The Fall of Constantinople	348	(5)
The European Empires	353	(34)
The Visual Record: Astride the World: The Age of Monarchies	354	(2)
European Encounters	356	(1)
Africa and a Passage to India	356	(1)
Map Discovery: Portuguese Explorations	357	(7)
Mundus Novus	358	(1)
The Spanish Conquests	359	(5)
Map Discovery: Claims of Spain and Portugal to Overseas Empires	364	(3)
The Legacy of the Encounters	364	(3)
Geographical Tour: Europe in 1500: The Age of the New Monarchies	367	(3)
Boundaries of Eastern Europe	367	(1)
Central Europe	368	(1)
Western Europe	369	(1)
The Formation of States	370	(7)
Eastern Configurations	371	(2)
The Western Powers	373	(4)
Map Discovery: The Unification of France	377	(2)
The Dynastic Struggles	379
Power and Glory	380	(1)
The Italian Wars	380
A Closer Look Isabella of Castile	360	(27)
The Reform of Religion	387	(32)
The Visual Record: Sola Scriptura: The Bible and the Reformation	388	(2)
The Intellectual Reformation	390	(1)
The Print Revolution	390	(1)
Map Discovery: The Spread of Printing	391	(5)
Christian Humanism	392	(1)
The Humanist Movement	392	(1)
The Wit of Erasmus	392	(4)
The Lutheran Reformation	396	(6)
The Spark of Reform	396	(2)
Martin Luther's Faith	398	(1)
Lutheranism	399	(2)
The Spread of Lutheranism	401	(1)
Map Discovery: The Spread of Lutheranism	402	(1)
The Protestant Reformation	403	(6)
Geneva and Calvin	403	(2)
The English Reformation	405	(3)
The Reformation of the Radicals	408	(1)
The Catholic Reformation	409	(6)
The Spiritual Revival	410	(2)
Loyola's Pilgrimage	412	(1)
The Counter-Reformation	413	(2)
Map Discovery: The Religious Divisions of Europe, ca. 1555	415
The Empire Strikes Back	416
A Closer Look Utopia	394	(25)
Europe At War, 1555--1648	419	(30)
The Visual Record: The Massacre of the Innocents: War and European Society	420	(2)
The Crises of the Western States	422	(1)
The French Wars of Religion	422	(1)
Map Discovery: Religious Divisions in France During the Wars of Religion	423	(8)
One King, Two Faiths	426	(3)
The World of Philip II	429	(2)
Map Discovery: Habsburg Lands at the Abdication of Charles V	431	(4)
The Burgundian Inheritance	431	(1)
The Revolt of the Netherlands	432	(3)
The Struggles in Eastern Europe	435	(4)
Kings and Diets in Poland	435	(2)
Muscovy's Time of Troubles	437	(1)
The Rise of Sweden	437	(2)
The Thirty Years'War, 1618--1648	439	(5)
Bohemia Revolts	440	(2)
The War Widens	442	(2)
Map Discovery: Population Loss in Germany During the Thirty Years' War	444
The Long Quest for Peace	444
A Closer Look The Monstrous Regiment of Women	424	(25)
The Experiences of Life in Early Modern Europe, 1500--1650	449	(34)
The Visual Record: Haymaking: Agriculture in a European Community	450	(2)
Economic Life	452	(5)
Rural Life	452	(3)
Town Life	455	(2)
Map Discovery: Grain Supply and Trade in Sixteenth-Century Europe	457	(1)
Economic Change	457	(1)
Map Discovery: Population Density in Europe, ca. 1600	458	(2)
Social Life	460	(8)
Social Constructs	460	(2)
Social Structure	462	(2)
Social Change	464	(2)
Peasant Revolts	466	(2)
Private and Community Life	468	(8)
The Family	468	(4)
Communities	472	(2)
Popular Beliefs and the Persecution of Witches	474	(2)
A Closer Look Sex and the Married Man	476	(7)
The Royal State in the Seventeenth Century	483	(30)
The Visual Record: Fit for a King: The Grandeur of the European Monarchy	484	(2)
The Rise of the Royal State	486	(6)
Divine Kings	486	(2)
The Court and the Courtiers	488	(2)
The Drive to Centralize Government	490	(1)
The Taxing Demands of War	491	(1)
The Crises of the Royal State	492	(6)
The Need to Resist	493	(1)
The Right to Resist	494	(2)
The English Civil War	496	(2)
Map Discovery: English Civil War	498	(4)
The English Revolutions	499	(3)
The Zenith of the Royal State	502	(4)
The Nature of Absolute Monarchy	502	(2)
Absolutism in the East	504	(2)
The Origins of French Absolutism	506	(1)
Map Discovery: Expansion of Russia Under Peter the Great	506	(7)
Louis le Grand	507	(6)
Science and Commerce in Early Modern Europe	513	(34)
The Visual Record: Rembrandt's Lessons: Anatomy and the New Science	514	(2)
The New Science	516	(9)
Heavenly Revolutions	516	(3)
The Natural World	519	(4)
Science Enthroned	523	(2)
Empires of Goods	525	(1)
The Marketplace of the World	525	(1)
Map Discovery: Dutch Trade Routes, ca. 1650	526	(10)
Consumption Choices	527	(3)
Dutch Masters	530	(4)
Mercantile Organization	534	(2)
The Wars of Commerce	536	(7)
The Mercantile Wars	536	(4)
The Wars of Louis XIV	540	(3)
Map Discovery: The Treaty of Utrecht	543	(1)
The Colonial Wars	543	(1)
Map Discovery: The Seven Years' War	544
A Closer Look The Dutch Tulip Mania of the Seventeenth Century	532	(6)
The West and the Wider World The Nutmeg Wars	538	(9)
The Balance of Power in Eighteenth-Century Europe	547	(30)
The Visual Record: A Dashing Officer: The Rise of Militarism	548	(2)
Geographical Tour: A Grand Tour of Europe in 1714	550	(5)
Expansion of Western Europe	551	(3)
Realignment in Eastern Europe	554	(1)
The Rise of Russia	555	(5)
The Reforms of Peter the Great	556	(2)
Life in Rural Russia	558	(1)
The Enlightened Empress Catherine	558	(2)
The Two Germanies	560	(1)
The Rise of Prussia	560	(1)
Map Discovery: The Expansion of Prussia	561	(6)
Austria Survives	563	(2)
The Politics of Power	565	(2)
The Greatness of Great Britain	567	(1)
The British Constitution	568	(1)
Map Discovery: The Partitions of Poland	568	(2)
Parties and Ministers	569	(3)
America Revolts	572
The West and the Wider World The British Raj in India	570	(7)
Culture and Society in Eighteenth-Century Europe	577	(30)
The Visual Record: Happy Families: An Enlightenment Institution	578	(2)
Eighteenth-Century Culture	580	(7)
The Enlightenment	580	(2)
The Spirit of the Enlightenment	582	(3)
The Impact of the Enlightenment	585	(2)
Eighteenth-Century Society	587	(11)
The Nobility	587	(2)
The Bourgeoisie	589	(6)
The Masses	595	(3)
A Closer Look Giving Birth in the Eighteenth Century	598	(2)
Map Discovery: Cereal Crops in Europe	600	(7)
The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era, 1789--1815	607	(28)
The Visual Record: Eighteenth-Century Revolution	608	(2)
The French Revolution and the Fall of the Monarchy	610	(5)
The Political and Fiscal Crisis of Eighteenth-Century France	610	(1)
Convening the Estates-General	611	(2)
The Outbreak of Revolutionary Action in 1789	613	(2)
Map Discovery: Revolutionary France	615	(6)
Declaring Political Rights	617	(3)
The Trials of Constitutional Monarchy	620	(1)
Experimenting with Democracy, 1792--1799	621	(5)
The Revolution of the People	621	(3)
``Terror Is the Order of the Day''	624	(1)
The End of the Revolution	625	(1)
The Reign of Napoleon, 1799--1815	626	(2)
Bonaparte Seizes Power	626	(1)
Napoleon at War with the European Powers	627	(1)
The First Empire and Domestic Reforms	628	(1)
Map Discovery: Napoleon's Empire	628
Decline and Fall	630
A Closer Look The Guillotine and Revolutionary Justice	622	(13)
Industrial Europe	635	(36)
The Visual Record: An Iron Forge: Machinery and Industrialization	636	(2)
The Traditional Economy	638	(1)
Farming Families	638	(1)
Rural Manufacture	639	(1)
Map Discovery: Population Growth in Europe, 1800--1850	639	(4)
The Agricultural Revolution	641	(2)
The Industrial Revolution in Britain	643	(2)
Britain First	644	(1)
Map Discovery: Great Britain: Canals and Natural Resources	645	(15)
Minerals and Metals	645	(2)
Cotton Is King	647	(3)
The Iron Horse	650	(2)
Entrepreneurs and Managers	652	(2)
The Wages of Progress	654	(6)
The Industrialization of the Continent	660	(1)
France: Industrialization Without Revolution	661	(1)
Map Discovery: Industrial Revolution on the Continent	661
Germany: Industrialization and Union	663	(2)
The Lands That Time Forgot	665
A Closer Look Industry and the Environment	656	(15)
Political Upheavals and Social Transformations, 1815--1850	671	(32)
The Visual Record: Potato Politics: The Plight of the Poor in European Societies	672	(2)
Geographical Tour: Europe in 1815	674	(5)
The Congress of Vienna	674	(4)
The Alliance System	678	(1)
The New Ideologies	679	(9)
The New Politics of Preserving Order	679	(2)
Romanticism and Change	681	(3)
Reshaping State and Society	684	(4)
Protest and Revolution	688	(5)
Causes of Social Instability	688	(1)
The Revolutions of 1830	689	(4)
Map Discovery: Unrest of the 1820s and 1830s: Center of Revolutionary Action	693	(5)
Reform in Great Britain	692	(2)
Workers Unite	694	(2)
Revolutions Across Europe, 1848--1850	696	(2)
Map Discovery: The Revolutions of 1848	698
A Closer Look The Birth of the Prison	682	(21)
State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850--1871	703	(34)
The Visual Record: The Birth of the German Empire: Otto von Bismarck's Role	704	(2)
Building Nations: The Politics of Unification	706	(1)
The Crimean War	706	(1)
Unifying Italy	707	(1)
Map Discovery: The Crimean War	707	(6)
Unifying Germany	712	(1)
Map Discovery: The Unification of Germany	713	(2)
The United States: Civil War and Reunification	714	(1)
Nationalism and Force	714	(1)
Reforming European Society	715	(8)
The Second Empire in France, 1852--1870	715	(2)
Victorian Political Reforms	717	(3)
Reforming Russia	720	(3)
The Politics of Leadership	723	(1)
Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas	723
The Politics of Homemaking	724	(2)
Realism in the Arts	726	(2)
Charles Darwin and the New Science	728	(1)
Karl Marx and the Science of Society	728	(2)
A New Revolution?	730
A Closer Look A Working Woman	708	(29)
The Crisis of European Culture, 1871--1914	737	(34)
The Visual Record: Speeding to the Future: Mass Society and the Rejection of Tradition	738	(2)
European Economy and the Politics of Mass Society	740	(8)
Regulating Boom and Bust	740	(2)
Challenging Liberal England	742	(1)
Political Struggles in Germany	743	(1)
Political Scandals and Mass Politics in France	744	(3)
Defeating Liberalism in Austria	747	(1)
Outsiders in Mass Politics	748	(4)
Feminists and Politics	748	(3)
The Jewish Question and Zionism	751	(1)
Map Discovery: Jewish Migration	752	(3)
Workers and Minorities on the Margins	754	(1)
Shaping the New Consciousness	755	(3)
The Authority of Science	755	(1)
Establishing the Social Sciences	756	(4)
The ``New Woman'' and the New Consciousness	760	(2)
Art and the New Age	762	(1)
The New Consumption	763
A Closer Look Sigmund Freud, Explorer of Dreams	758	(6)
The West and the Wider World African Art and European Artists	764	(7)
Europe and The World, 1870--1914	771	(28)
The Visual Record: The Politics of Mapmaking: The First Standardized Map of the World	772	(2)
The European Balance of Power, 1870--1914	774	(3)
Upsetting the European Balance of Power	774	(1)
The Instability of the Alliance System	775	(2)
The New Imperialism	777	(5)
The Technology of Empire	777	(1)
Motives for Empire	778	(4)
The Search for Territory and Markets	782	(4)
The Scramble for Africa: Diplomacy and Conflict	782	(3)
Gold, Empire Building, and the Boer War	785	(1)
Map Discovery: Africa, 1914	786	(5)
Imperialism in Asia	787	(3)
The Imperialism of the United States	790	(1)
Results of a European-Dominated World	791	(1)
A World Economy	792	(7)
Map Discovery: World Colonial Holdings	791	(1)
Race and Culture	792	(1)
Women and Imperialism	793	(1)
Ecology and Imperialism	793	(2)
Critiquing Capitalism	795	(4)
War and Revolution, 1914--1920	799	(32)
The Visual Record: Selling the Great War	800	(2)
The War Europe Expected	802	(2)
Separating Friends from Foes	803	(1)
Military Timetables	803	(1)
Assassination at Sarajevo	804	(1)
Map Discovery: The Schlieffen Plan and France's Plan XVII	804	(2)
A New Kind of Warfare	806	(4)
Technology and the Trenches	806	(2)
The German Offensive	808	(2)
War on the Eastern Front	810	(1)
Map Discovery: World War I	810	(4)
War on the Western Front	811	(2)
War on the Periphery	813	(1)
Adjusting to the Unexpected: Total War	814	(3)
Mobilizing the Home Front	815	(1)
Silencing Dissent	816	(1)
The Russian Revolution and Allied Victory	817	(8)
Revolution in Russia	817	(6)
The United States Enters the Great War	823	(2)
Settling the Peace	825
Wilson's Fourteen Points	826	(1)
Treaties and Territories	827
A Closer Look The Women Who Started the Russian Revolution	820	(11)
The European Search for Stability, 1920--1939	831	(36)
The Visual Record: The Hard Lessons of Inflation	832	(2)
Geographical Tour: Europe After 1918	834	(4)
New Nation-States, New Problems	834	(2)
German Recovery	836	(1)
France's Search for Security	837	(1)
The United States in Europe	837	(1)
Crisis and Collapse in a World Economy	838	(4)
International Loans and Trade Barriers	838	(2)
The Great Depression	840	(2)
The Soviet Union's Separate Path	842	(7)
The Soviet Regime at the End of the Civil War	842	(1)
The New Economic Policy, 1921--1928	843	(1)
Stalin's Rise to Power	844	(1)
The First Five-Year Plan	845	(1)
The Comintern, Economic Development, and the Purges	846	(2)
Women and the Family in the New Soviet State	848	(1)
The Rise of Fascist Dictatorship in Italy	849	(3)
Mussolini's Italy	850	(1)
Mussolini's Plans for Empire	851	(1)
Hitler and the Third Reich	852	(5)
Hitler's Rise to Power	852	(1)
Nazi Goals	853	(2)
Propaganda, Racism, and Culture	855	(2)
Democracies in Crisis	857	(1)
The Failure of the Left in France	857	(1)
Map Discovery: Europe: Types of Government	858	(2)
Muddling Through in Great Britain	859	(3)
The Spanish Republic as Battleground	862
A Closer Look The Screams from Guernica	860	(7)
Global Conflagration: World War II, 1939--1945	867	(30)
The Visual Record: Precursor of War: The Annexation Austria	868	(2)
Aggression and Conquest	870	(2)
Hitler's Foreign Policy and Appeasement	870	(1)
Hitler's War, 1939--1941	871	(1)
Map Discovery: World War II in Europe	872	(3)
Collaboration and Resistance	874	(1)
Racism and Destruction	875	(6)
Enforcing Nazi Racial Policies	875	(1)
The Destruction of Europe's Jews	876	(5)
Allied Victory	881	(8)
The Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War	881	(2)
The United States Enters the War	883	(3)
Winning the War in Europe	886	(1)
Japanese War Aims and Assumptions	887	(1)
Winning the War in the Pacific	888	(1)
Map Discovery: World War II in the Pacific, 1941--1945	889	(3)
The Fate of Allied Cooperation: 1945	890	(2)
A Closer Look The Atomic Wasteland	892	(5)
The Cold War and Postwar Economic Recovery: 1945--1970	897	(32)
The Visual Record: Europe in Ruins: Warsaw, 1946	898	(2)
The Origins of the Cold War	900	(1)
The World in Two Blocs	900	(1)
Map Discovery: The Division of Germany	900	(2)
Map Discovery: The Soviet Union and the Soviet Bloc	902	(5)
The Nuclear Club	904	(1)
Decolonization and the Cold War	905	(2)
Postwar Economic Recovery in Europe, Japan, and the Soviet Union	907	(9)
The Economic Challenge	907	(1)
The Economic Solution: The Marshall Plan	908	(1)
Western European Economic Integration	908	(3)
Japan's Recovery	911	(1)
The Soviet Path to Economic Recovery	911	(5)
The Welfare State and Social Transformation	916
Prosperity and Consumption in the West	917	(1)
Family Strategies	918	(3)
Youth Culture and Dissent	921
The West and the Wider World Made in Japan	912	(17)
The End of The Cold War and New Global Challenges, 1970 to the Present	929
The Visual Record: The Berlin Wall Comes Down	930	(2)
The End of the Cold War and the Emergence of a New Europe	932	(11)
The Brezhnev Doctrine and Detente	932	(1)
The New Direction in Soviet Politics	932	(2)
Reform in Eastern Europe	934	(3)
The Unification of Germany	937	(3)
Russia and the New Republics	940	(3)
Map Discovery: Republics of the Soviet Union	943	(1)
Ethnic Conflict and Nationalism	944	(5)
The Chechen Challenge	944	(3)
War in the Balkans	947	(2)
The West in the Global Community	949
European Union and the American Superpower	949	(3)
A New Working Class: Foreign Workers	952	(3)
Women's Changing Lives	955	(2)
Terrorism: The ``New Kind of War''	957
A Closer Look Televisions, Computers, and the Media Revolution	938
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1